THE REFORMATION CONTINUESCh 1.4

• OBJ: SW explain how the Reformation spurred the Catholic Church to launch the “Counter-Reformation” and why the events of the Reformation have relevance today

• WU: Geography Skillbuilder p 63 1 & 2

• Who was John Calvin and what influence did he have on the Reformation?• Law student turned religious leader. His teachings are as /more

important than those of Luther to the development of Protestantism• Publishes a book: Institutes of the Christian Religion• Calvin put forth the idea of predestination – the belief that God

knows from the beginning of time who is saved and who isn’t. • Calvin’s ideas influenced John Knox, a Scottish minister, who

founded the Presbyterian Church• Calvin also influenced the Huguenots in France• The “Puritans” in America were also Calvinists

• What was the “Catholic Reformation?”• The Catholic Church realized that some of the criticisms leveled at

the Church, particularly about corruption, were valid. They set about to enact reforms to keep people loyal to the Church.

• Ignatius of Loyola – Founded the Jesuits. They were dedicated to founding schools, converting non Christians to Catholicism, and to stop Protestantism. Responsible for keeping Poland and southern Germany Catholic.

• Council of Trent:• Meeting of Catholic Church leaders to discuss and enact reforms.• Created an agreed on Church doctrine (set of teachings), which

rejected many of the ideas of Luther and Calvin.

The Inquisition: This was a legal proceeding in which the Church investigated allegations of heresy, teachings and beliefs counter to the Catholic Church. People who were convicted as heretics, were often put to death.

Bookburning: The Church put together an Index of Forbidden Books. These books contained ideas that were counter to the official Church doctrine.

• What was the Legacy of the Reformation?

1. Europe is divided by religious beliefs. Rulers used this to increase their authority within the state and strong senses of nationality developed among some peoples.

2. Conflict: Religious differences spurred decades of wars throughout Europe.

3. Education: Both Catholics and Protestants founded schools to teach their versions of Christianity. But these schools were also responsible for increasing the overall literacy of Europe.

4. Prelude to the Enlightenment: The idea that the individual could interpret the Bible and challenge authority set the stage for the development of a movement known as the “Enlightenment.”