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The Principal Parts of Verbs, Irregular Verbs, and Verb Tenses. Unit: Verbs and Sentence Structure. The Principal Parts of Verbs. Verbs take different forms in order to indicate time. These forms of verbs are tenses. “She talks about her plans” expresses action in the present. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Unit: Verbs and Sentence Structure
The Principal Parts of VerbsVerbs take different forms in order to
indicate time. These forms of verbs are tenses.“She talks about her plans” expresses action in
the present.“She talked about her plans” expresses action
that occurred in the past.To use the tenses correctly, you must know
how to form the principal parts of verbs.
The Principal Parts of VerbsThe Principal Parts of the Verb Talk
Present: talkPresent Participle: (am, is, are, was, were)
talkingPast: talkedPast Participle: (have, has, had) talked
The Principal Parts of VerbsThe Principal Parts of Regular Verbs Present: most basic form of the verb
savePresent Participle: helping verb am, is, are,
was, or were + verb with –ing endingam saving
Past: verb with –ed endingsaved
Past Participle: helping verb have, has, or had + verb with –ed endinghave saved
The Principal Parts of VerbsThe Principal Parts of Irregular Verbs Irregular verbs do not follow the same pattern as
regular verbs when forming the past and past participle.
You will need to memorize these exceptions.When in doubt in your writing, look up the correct
way to form the past and part participle of any verb.
Using Irregular VerbsTo RunPresent: runPresent Participle:
am runningPast: ran (not
runned)Past Participle: have
run (not have runned)
To WritePresent: writePresent Participle:
am writingPast: wrotePast Participle: have
written
Two Troublesome Irregular VerbsTo LayPresent: layPresent Participle: am
layingPast: laidPast Participle: have
laidUse to mean “to put
something down” or “to place (something)”
Almost always followed by a direct object
The sailors laid their uniforms on the bed.
To LiePresent: liePresent Participle: am
lyingPast: layPast Participle: have
lainUse to mean “to rest in
a reclining position” or “to be situated”
Never followed by a direct object
The sailors lay down on the narrow bunk.
Two Troublesome Irregular VerbsTo SitPresent: sitPresent Participle: am
sittingPast: satPast Participle: have
satUse to mean “to be
seated” or “to rest”Usually not followed
by a direct object.We sat on the floor.
To SetPresent: setPresent Participle: am
settingPast: setPast Participle: have
setUse to mean “to put
something in a certain place or position
Usually followed by a direct object.
He set the glasses gingerly in the sink.
Verb TensesIn verbs, the tense shows the time of action or
state of being.Use the principal parts of verbs to form the six
basic tenses.The Basic Verb TensesPresent
I eat pizza often.I always order from Pizza Hut.Indicates action that happens over and over.Principal part: presentUses no helping verbs.
Verb TensesThe Basic Verb TensesPast
I ate pizza last night.I ordered from Pizza Hut.Indicates action that happened in the past.Principal part: pastUses no helping verbs
FutureI will eat pizza tonight.I will order from Pizza Hut.Indicates action that will happen in the future.Principal part: presentUses helping verb will
Verb TensesThe Perfect Verb Tenses: indicate that
an action has been completed.Present Perfect
I have eaten pizza many times.He has ordered from Pizza Hut.Indicates action completed often.Principal part: past participleUses helping verbs have or has
Past PerfectI had eaten pizza before you called.He had ordered from Pizza Hut.Indicates action completed in the past.Principal part: past participleUses helping verb had
Verb TensesThe Perfect Verb Tenses: indicate that an action has been completed.
Future PerfectI will have eaten pizza many times by the end of
the year.Indicates action that will be completed in the
future.Principal part: past participleUses helping verbs will and have
Verb TensesThe Progressive Forms: indicate an action that is in progress.
Present ProgressiveI am eating pizza.He is ordering from Pizza Hut.Indicates action in process of being completed.Principal part: present participleUses helping verbs am, is, are
Past ProgressiveI was eating pizza when you called.You were ordering from Pizza Hut.Indicates action that was in the process of being
completed in the past.Principal part: present participleUses helping verb was or were
Verb TensesFuture Progressive
I will be eating pizza for dinner tonight.Indicates action that will be in process in the
future.Principal part: present participleUses helping verbs will and be
Verb TensesThe Progressive Perfect Forms: indicate
completion of an ongoing action.Present Perfect Progressive
I have been eating pizza since I was little.Indicates action often in the process of being
completed.Principal part: present participleUses helping verbs have and been
Past Perfect ProgressiveI had been eating pizza, but I stoppedIndicates action was in process, but now is
completed.Principal part: present participleUses helping verb had and been
Verb TensesFuture Perfect Progressive
On my net birthday, I will have been eating pizza for eleven years.
Indicates action that has been completed before but will be in progress in the future.
Principal part: present participleUses helping verbs: will, have, and been
Verb TensesNow, why did we just learn all of this? Because in your writing, you need to keep
your tenses consistent.Choose the best tense for the situation
(past, present, or future) and be consistent throughout the entire piece.