Tenses and Irregular Verbs

7/28/2019 Tenses and Irregular Verbs

1/46

Simple Presen What do you d o?Qu haces? - What does he do?Qu hace?

I, we, you, they subject + 1 1 2 3he, she, it subject + 1 > s go went gone

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI go I don't go Do I go ?You go You don't go Do you go ?He goes He doesn't go Does he go ?She goes She doesn't go Does she go ?It goes It doesn't go Does it go ?We go We don't go Do we go ?You go You don't go Do you go ?They go They don't go Do they go ?

Affirmative subject + 1 > "s" (he, she, it)I go to New York - Voy a New YorkHe goes to New York - El va a New YorkNegative subject + don't / doesn't + 1I don't go to New York - No voy a New YorkHe doesn't go to New York - El no va a New YorkInterrogative Do / Does + subject + 1 ?Do I go to New York ? - Voy a New York ?Does he go to New York ? - Va l a New York ?

usos del presente simpleAcciones habituales (estilos de vida, hbitos, rutina diaria).Lucas gets up at 9:00 am. Lucas se levanta a las nueve.Paul and I do a lot of things every day. Paul y yo hacemos muchas cosas a diario.Hechos o verdades generales.


2/46

The sun sets in the west. El sol se pone por el oeste.The Earth goes around the sun. La Tierra gira alrededor del sol.Situaciones permanentes.Maria lives in Buenos Aires. Mara vive en Buenos Aires.

It costs a lot of money to stay at the Hilton. Cuesta mucho dinero alojarse en el Hilton.Primer Condicional.If you heat butter, it melts. Si calientas manteca, sta se derrite.Contact me if you need any help. Ponte en contacto conmigo si necesitas ayuda.expresiones usuales del presente simple

often - generally - usually - always - neverevery day - every week - every month - every year - sometimes


3/46

Progressive Presen What are you do ing?Qu ests haciendo?

subject + am/is/are + 1 > "ing" 1 2 3go went gone

...ing (...ando, ...endo)

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI am going I am not going Am I going ?You are going You are not going Are you going ?He is going He is not going Is he going ?She is going She is not going Is she going ?It is going It is not going Is it going ?We are going We are not going Are we going ?You are going You are not going Are you going ?They are going They are not going Are they going ?

Affirmative subject + am/is/are + 1 > "ing"I am going to New York - Estoy yendo a New YorkHe is going to New York - El est yendo a New YorkNegative subject + am/is/are + not + 1 > "ing"I am not going to New York - No estoy yendo a New YorkHe is not going to New York - El no est yendo a New YorkInterrogative Am/Is/Are + subject + 1 > "ing" ?Am I going to New York ? - Estoy yendo a New York ?Is he going to New York ? - Est l yendo a New York ?

usos del presente continuoAcciones que ocurren en el momento de hablar.Lucas is getting up now. Lucas se est levantando ahora.My wife is having lunch now. Mi esposa est almorzando ahora.


4/46

Planes futuros que han sido confirmados.The manager is meeting me tonight. El gerente se va a reunir conmigo esta noche.They are arriving tomorrow morning. Van a llegar maana por la maana.Acciones que tendrn lugar en un futuro prximo y sobre las que

se ha tomado una resolucin firme.I am going to visit their office in Caracas next week.Voy a visitar su oficina de Caracas la prxima semana.Acciones habituales con sentido negativo que llevan always.Mike is always talking nonsense. Mike siempre est hablando estupideces.He is always annoying his friends. Siempre est molestando a sus amigos.verbos que no suelen utilizarse en presente continuo

know - like - want - love - hate - needexpresiones usuales del presente continuo

the next - at moment - now - in this weekon Sunday - this evening - tomorrow


5/46

Simple Present Perfec What have you done?Qu has hecho?

subject + have / has + 3 1 2 3go went gone

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI have gone I haven't gone Have I gone ?You have gone You haven't gone Have you gone ?He has gone He hasn't gone Has he gone ?She has gone She hasn't gone Has she gone ?It has gone It hasn't gone Has it gone ?We have gone We haven't gone Have we gone ?You have gone You haven't gone Have you gone ?They have gone They haven't gone Have they gone ?

Affirmative subject + have / has + 3I have gone to New York - He ido a New YorkHe has gone to New York - El ha ido a New YorkNegative subject + haven't / hasn't + 3I haven't gone to New York - No he ido a New YorkHe hasn't gone to New York - El no ha ido a New YorkInterrogative Have / Has + subject + 3 ?Have I gone to New York? - He ido a New York ?Has he gone to New York? - Ha ido l a New York?

usos del presente perfecto simplePor regla general, se lo utiliza para describir acciones que empezaron en el pasado

y que an no han finalizado o que guardan alguna relacin con el presente.Con el adverbiojust: acciones que acaban de ocurrir.The President has just arrived from the US. El Presidente acaba de llegar desde EEUU.They both have just left for Bogota.Ambos acaban de partir para Bogot.Con las preposiciones forysince.


6/46

We have lived in Italy for three years. Hemos vivido en Italia durante tres aos.I haven't heard from you since 1990!! No he tenido noticias tuyas desde 1990!!Con los adverbios yety already.They haven't taken the Basic Exam yet. No han rendido el Examen Bsico an.

I have already taken the Intermediate Exam. Ya he rendido el Examen Intermedio.Con el grado superlativo de un adjetivo.OM Smiles has always been one of the funniest sections in OM Personal.OM Smiles ha sido siempre una de las secciones ms divertidas de OM Personal.Con las expresiones: It's the first, It's the second, etc.It's the first time I have flown United. Es la primera vez que vuelo por United.It's the second time she has had lunch today. Es la segunda vez que almuerza hoy.expresiones usuales del presente perfecto simple

since - for - just - ago - latelyyet - already - never - ever - recently


7/46

Progressive Present Perfec What have you been do ing?Qu has estado haciendo?

subject + have / has + been + 1 > "ing" 1 2 3go went gone

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI have been going I haven't been going Have I been going ?You have been going You haven't been going Have you been going ?He has been going He hasn't been going Has he been going ?She has been going She hasn't been going Has she been going ?It has been going It hasn't been going Has it been going ?We have been going We haven't been going Have we been going ?You have been going You haven't been going Have you been going ?They have been going They haven't been going Have they been going ?

Affirmative subject + have/has + been + 1 > "ing"I have been going to New York - He estado yendo a New YorkHe has been going to New York - El ha estado yendo a New YorkNegative subject + haven't / hasn't + been + 1 > "ing"I haven't been going to New York - No he estado yendo a New YorkHe hasn't been going to New York - El no ha estado yendo a New YorkInterrogative Have / Has + subject + been + 1 > "ing" ? Have I been going to New York? - He estado yendo a New York ?Has he been going to New York? - Ha estado l yendo a New York?

usos del presente perfecto continuoActividades que comenzaron en el pasado y continan en elpresente y resaltan la duracin del proceso.Monica and her husband have been living in Barcelona for ten years.Mnica y su esposo llevan viviendo en Barcelona diez aos.Acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y pueden o no haberfinalizado recientemente y resaltan la duracin del proceso.


8/46

The weather is really bad. It has been raining all night.El tiempo est realmente malo. Ha estado lloviendo toda la noche.Acciones del pasado que acaban de concluir y cuyo estado esevidente.Hmm. Nice smelling!! Have you been cooking your birthday cake?Hmm. Qu lindo aroma!! Has estado cocinando tu torta de cumpleaos?


9/46

Simple Modal What (can/cou ld) you do?Qu (puedes/podras) hacer?What (may/might ) you do?Qu (puedes/podras) hacer?

What (mus t/should) you do?Qu (debes/deberas) hacer?

subject + modal + 1 1 2 3go went gone

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI can go I can't go Can I go ?I could go I couldn't go Could I go ?I may go

I may not go

May I go ?

I might go I might not go Might I go ?I must go I mustn't go Must I go ?I should go I shouldn't go Should I go ?

Affirmative subject + modal + 1I can go to New York - Puedo ir a New York (posibilidad fsica, conocimiento)I could go to New York - Podra ir a New York (alternativa)I may go to New York - Puedo ir a New York (permiso)

I might go to New York - Podra ir a New York (posibilidad)I must go to New York - Debo ir a New York (obligacin)I should go to New York - Debera ir a New York (obligacin moral, consejo)Negative subject + modal + not + 1I can't go to New York - No puedo ir a New York

I couldn't go to New York - No podra ir a New YorkI may not go to New York - No puedo ir a New York

I might not go to New York - No podra ir a New York

I mustn't go to New York - No debo ir a New York

I shouldn't go to New York - No debera ir a New YorkInterrogative modal + subject + 1 ?Can I go to New York ? - Puedo ir a New York ?Could I go to New York ? - Podra ir a New York ?


10/46

May I go to New York ? - Puedo ir a New York ?Might I go to New York ? - Podra ir a New York ?Must I go to New York ? - Debo ir a New York ?Should I go to New York ? - Debera ir a New York ?


11/46

Simple Pas What d id you do?Qu hiciste?

subject + 2 1 2 3go went gone

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI went I didn't go Did I go ?You went You didn't go Did you go ?He went He didn't go Did he go ?She went She didn't go Did she go ?It went It didn't go Did it go ?We went We didn't go Did we go ?You went You didn't go Did you go ?They went They didn't go Did they go ?

Affirmative subject + 2I went to New York - Fui a New YorkHe went to New York - El fue a New YorkNegative subject + didn't + 1I didn't go to New York - No fui a New YorkHe didn't go to New York - El no fue a New YorkInterrogative Did + subject + 1 ?Did I go to New York? - Fui a New York ?Did he go to New York? - Fue l a New York?

usos del pasado simpleAcciones pasadas que tuvieron lugar en determinado momentoy que ya han finalizado.My parents didn't work last week. Mis padres no trabajaron la semana pasada.Lina worked in a bank from 1995 to 2002. Lina trabaj en un banco desde 1995 a2002.Hechos pasados expresados en secuencia.Sheila got up at 7 am, had breakfast, took a shower and went to work at 9 am.


12/46

Sheila se levant a las 7, desayun, se duch y fue a trabajar a las 9.expresiones usuales del pasado simple

yesterday - last night - before - ago - in 2002on their vacation - last weekend - last month - last year


13/46

Simple Past Perfec What had you d one?Qu habas hecho?

subject + had + 3 1 2 3go went gone

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI had gone I hadn't gone Had I gone ?You had gone You hadn't gone Had you gone ?He had gone He hadn't gone Had he gone ?She had gone She hadn't gone Had she gone ?It had gone It hadn't gone Had it gone ?We had gone We hadn't gone Had we gone ?You had gone You hadn't gone Had you gone ?They had gone They hadn't gone Had they gone ?

Affirmative subject + had + 3I had gone to New York - Yo haba ido a New YorkHe had gone to New York - El haba a New YorkNegative subject + hadn't + 3I hadn't gone to New York - Yo no haba ido a New YorkHe hadn't gone to New York - El no haba ido a New YorkInterrogative Had + subject + 3 ?Had I gone to New York? - Haba ido yo a New York ?Had he gone to New York? - Haba ido l a New York?

usos del pasado perfecto simpleAccin del pasado que tuvo lugar antes que otra.Her plane had already left when Thelma arrived at the airport.Su vuelo ya haba partido cuando Thelma lleg al aeropuerto.Con el adverbiojustpara expresar una accin que acaba deocurrir.When Oliver phoned, the kids had just gone to bed.


14/46

Cuando Oliver llam por telfono, los nios acababan de acostarse.Tercer Condicional.If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you.Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habra ido a ver.


15/46

Progressive PastWhat were you d oing?Qu estabas (estuviste) haciendo?

subject + was/were + 1 >ing 1 2 3go went gone


Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI was going I was not going Was I going ?You were going You were not going Were you going ?He was going He was not going Was he going ?She was going She was not going Was she going ?It was going It was not going Was it going ?We were going We were not going Were we going ?You were going You were not going Were you going ?They were going They were not going Were they going ?

Affirmative subject + was/were + 1 > "ing"I was going to New York - Estaba (estuve) yendo a New York

You were going to New York - Ud. estaba (estuvo) yendo a New YorkNegative subject + was/were + not + 1 > "ing"I was not going to New York - No estaba (estuve) yendo a New York

You were not going to New York - Ud. no estaba (estuvo) yendo a New YorkInterrogative Was/Were + subject + 1 > "ing" ?Was I going to New York ? - Estaba (estuve) yendo a New York ?Were you going to New York ? - Estaba (estuvo) Ud. yendo a New York ?

usos del pasado continuoActividades que ocurran en determinado momento del pasado yque continuaron despus.At 11 am I was preparing our lunch.A las 11 estaba preparando nuestro almuerzo.


16/46

Actividades interrumpidas por acciones ms cortas.While my friend was taking a shower, the telephone rang.Mientras mi amiga estaba duchndose, son el telfono.While Martha was listening to music, her brother did his homework.Mientras Martha escuchaba msica, su hermano hizo sus deberesAcciones simultneas (ambas en presente continuo).The kids were running and their grandfather was reading an old paper.Los nios estaban corriendo y su abuelo estaba leyendo un antiguo peridico.


17/46

Progressive Past Perfec What had you been doing ?Qu habas estado haciendo?

subject + had + been + 1 > "ing" 1 2 3go went gone

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI had been going I hadn't been going Had I been going ?You had been going You hadn't been going Had you been going ?He had been going He hadn't been going Had he been going ?She had been going She hadn't been going Had she been going ?It had been going It hadn't been going Had it been going ?We had been going We hadn't been going Had we been going ?You had been going You hadn't been going Had you been going ?They had been going They hadn't been going Had they been going ?

Affirmative subject + had + been + 1 > "ing"I had been going to New York - Haba estado yendo a New YorkHe had been going to New York - El haba estado yendo a New YorkNegative subject + hadn't + been + 1 > "ing"I hadn't been going to New York - No haba estado yendo a New YorkHe hadn't been going to New York - El no haba estado yendo a New YorkInterrogative Had + subject + been + 1 > "ing" ?Had I been going to New York? - Haba estado yo yendo a New York ?Had he been going to New York? - Haba estado l yendo a New York?

usos del pasado perfecto continuoResalta la duracin de una accin que ocurri en el pasado antesque otra.I was very tired when I arrived home. I had been working hard all day.Estaba muy cansado cuando llegu a casa. Haba estado trabajando mucho todo el da.Ken had been smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up.Ken haba estado fumando durante treinta aos cuando finalmente dej de fumar.The soccer game had to be stopped. They had been playing for half an hour when a


18/46

terrible storm began.El partido de ftbol tuvo que ser detenido. Haban estado jugando durante media horacuando empez una espantosa tormenta.


19/46

Simple FutureWhat wi l l you do ?Qu hars?

subject + will + 1 1 2 3go went gone

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI will go I won't go Will I go ?You will go You won't go Will you go ?He will go He won't go Will he go ?She will go She won't go Will she go ?It will go It won't go Will it go ?We will go We won't go Will we go ?You will go You won't go Will you go ?They will go They won't go Will they go ?

Affirmative subject + will + 1I will go to New York - Ir a New YorkHe will go to New York - El ir a New YorkNegative subject + won't (will not) + 1I won't go to New York - No ir a New YorkHe won't go to New York - El no ir a New YorkInterrogative Will + subject + 1 ?Will I go to New York ? - Ir a New York ?Will he go to New York ? - Ir l a New York ?

usos del futuro simpleAcciones que se van a desarrollar con certeza en el futuro.I will play tennis tomorrow.Jugar tenis maana.OM Personal will be six in 2005. OM Personal cumplir seis aos en el 2005.Prediccin en el futuro.It will snow tomorrow. Nevar maana.


20/46

Promesas."Every Argentinian will have a job in this blessed country." (Carlos Menem)"Todo Argentino tendr un puesto de trabajo en este bendito pas." (Carlos Menem)Ofrecimientos.I will stay with you all night if you really need it.Me quedar contigo toda la noche si realmente lo necesitas.Suele utilizarse el auxiliarshall(o su contraccin 'll) para elfuturo de la primera persona del singular y del plural.We shall go to the movies = We will go to the moviesWe'll go to the movies. Iremos al cine.

expresiones usuales del futuro simpletomorrow - the day after tomorrow - in 2010next Monday - next week - next month - next year


21/46

Simple Future Perfec What wi l l you have done?Qu habrs hecho?

subject + will have + 3 1 2 3go went gone

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI will have gone I will not have gone Will I have gone ?You will have gone You will not have gone Will you have gone ?He will have gone He will not have gone Will he have gone ?She will have gone She will not have gone Will she have gone ?It will have gone It will not have gone Will it have gone ?We will have gone We will not have gone Will we have gone ?You will have gone You will not have gone Will you have gone ?They will have gone They will not have gone Will they have gone ?

NEGATIVE CONTRACTION: WILL NOT =WON'TAffirmative subject + will have + 3I will have gone to New York - Habr ido a New York

He will have gone to New York - El habr ido a New YorkNegative subject + won't have + 3I won't have gone to New York - No habr ido a New YorkHe won't have gone to New York - El no habr ido a New YorkInterrogative Will + subject + have + 3 ?Will I have gone to New York? - Habr ido a New York ?Will he have gone to New York? - Habr ido l a New York?

usos del futuro perfectoAcciones que ya se estn desarrollando o que se van adesarrollar en el futuro, pero que cuando llegue ese momentofuturo que se menciona la accin ya habr finalizado.By tomorrow I will have finished my book.


22/46

Para maana, habr terminado este libro.Before winter, you will have sold your old car.Antes del invierno, habrs vendido tu antiguo automvil.Before we arrive home, Mom will have prepared our breakfast.Antes de que lleguemos a casa, mam habr preparado nuestro desayuno.We will not have finished these reports by 7 pm!!No habremos finalizado estos informes para las 7 de la tarde!!expresiones usuales del futuro perfecto

by 10 pm - by Monday - by tomorrow - by 2010by next week - by next month - by next year


23/46

Progressive FutureWhat wi l l you be doing ?Qu estars haciendo?

subject + will be + 1 > "ing" 1 2 3go went gone


Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI will be going I will not be going Will I be going ?You will be going You will not be going Will you be going ?He will be going He will not be going Will he be going ?She will be going She will not be going Will she be going ?It will be going It will not be going Will it be going ?We will be going We will not be going Will we be going ?You will be going You will not be going Will you be going ?They will be going They will not be going Will they be going ?

Affirmative subject + will be + 1 > "ing"I will be going to New York - Estar yendo a New YorkHe will be going to New York - El estar yendo a New YorkNegative subject + won't (will not) be + 1 > "ing"I won't be going to New York - No estar yendo a New YorkHe won't be going to New York - El no estar yendo a New YorkInterrogative Will + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ?Will I be going to New York ? - Estar yendo a New York ?Will he be going to New York ? - Estar l yendo a New York ?

usos del futuro continuoAcciones que van a tener lugar en el futuro y que, al momentodel tiempo al que nos referimos, seguirn desarrollndose. Nosiempre se menciona en la oracin el momento del futuro.We will be watching TV. Estaremos viendo televisin.


24/46

Tonight we will be watching TV. Esta noche estaremos viendo televisin.She will be visiting me. Me estar visitando.She will be visiting me on Sunday. Me estar visitando el domingo.expresiones usuales del futuro continuo

tomorrow - the day after tomorrow - in 2010next Monday - next week - next month - next year


25/46

Progressive Future Perfec What wi l l you have been do ing?Qu habrs estado haciendo?

subject + will have been + 1 > "ing" 1 2 3go went gone


Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI will have been going I will not have been going Will I have been going ?You will have been going You will not have been going Will you have been going ?He will have been going He will not have been going Will he have been going ?She will have been going She will not have been going Will she have been going ?It will have been going It will not have been going Will it have been going ?We will have been going We will not have been going Will we have been going ?You will have been going You will not have been going Will you have been going ?They will have been going They will not have been going Will they have been going ?Affirmative subject + will have been + 1 > "ing"I will have been going to New York - Habr estado yendo a New YorkHe will have been going to New York - El habr estado yendo a New YorkNegative subject + won't (will not) have beeen + 1 > "ing" I won't have been going to New York - No habr estado yendo a New YorkHe won't have been going to New York - El no habr estado yendo a New YorkInterrogative Will + subject + have been + 1 > "ing" ?Will I have been going to New York ? - Habr estado yendo a New York ?Will he have been going to New York ? - Habr l estado yendo a New York ?

usos del futuro perfecto continuoAcontecimientos o acciones pertenecientes a un perodo detiempo entre ahora y algn momento del futuro, que puedeserincompleto.I will have been waiting here for five hours by 10 pm.


26/46

Habr estado esperando aqu durante cinco horas cuando sean las 10 de la noche.By the time you finish our OM Basic Course, you will have been learningAmerican English for six months.Para cuando finalices nuestro OM Curso Bsico, habrs estado aprediendo IngsAmericano durante seis meses.By 2100 OM Personal will have been teaching on the Internet for a century.Para el 2100 OM Personal habr estado enseando en Internet durante un siglo.expresiones usuales del futuro perfecto continuo

By the time you ... - By 2020 ... - By 8:00 am tomorrow ...


27/46

Simple ConditionaWhat would you do?Qu haras?

subject + would + 1 1 2 3go went gone

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI would go I wouldn't go Would I go ?You would go You wouldn't go Would you go ?He would go He wouldn't go Would he go ?She would go She wouldn't go Would she go ?It would go It wouldn't go Would it go ?We would go We wouldn't go Would we go ?You would go You wouldn't go Would you go ?They would go They wouldn't go Would they go ?

Affirmative subject + would + 1I would go to New York - Yo ira a New YorkHe would go to New York - El ira a New YorkNegative subject + wouldn't + 1I wouldn't go to New York - Yo no ira a New YorkHe wouldn't go to New York - El no ira a New YorkInterrogative Would + subject + 1 ?Would I go to New York ? - Ira yo a New York ?Would he go to New York ? - Ira l a New York ?

usos del condicional simpleComentarios acerca de algo que no es real en el presente peroque puede ser posible.I would visit her if I had time. (I haven't got time but I might have some time)Yo la visitara si tuviese tiempo. (Realmente no tengo tiempo pero podra tenerlo)Comentarios acerca de una situacin que no es real en estos


28/46

momentos y que nunca podra serlo.If I were you, I would give up smoking. (but I could never be you).Si estuviera en tu lugar, dejara el cigarrillo. (pero nunca podra estar en tu lugar)Segundo Condicional (Condicional tipo II).If I were a plant, I would love the rain.Si fuera un rbol, me encantara la lluvia.If you really loved me, you would buy me a Mercedes XL600.Si realmente me amaras, me compraras un Mercedes XL600.Would your father go to see the match if I gave him a free ticket?Ira tu padre a ver el partido si le diese una entrada gratis?expresiones usuales del condicional simple

If I were ... - If she were ...


29/46

Progressive ConditionaWhat would you be doing?Qu estaras haciendo?

subject + would be + 1 > "ing" 1 2 3go went gone


Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI would be going I would not be going Would I be going ?You would be going You would not be going Would you be going ?He would be going He would not be going Would he be going ?She would be going She would not be going Would she be going ?It would be going It would not be going Would it be going ?We would be going We would not be going Would we be going ?You would be going You would not be going Would you be going ?They would be going They would not be going Would they be going ?Affirmative subject + would be + 1 > "ing"I would be going to New York - Yo estara yendo a New YorkHe would be going to New York - El estara yendo a New YorkNegative subject + wouldn't (would not) be + 1 > "ing"I wouldn't be going to New York - Yo no estara yendo a New YorkHe wouldn't be going to New York - El no estara yendo a New YorkInterrogative Would + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ?Would I be going to New York ? - Estara yo yendo a New York ?Would he be going to New York ? - Estara l yendo a New York ?

usos del condicional continuoHechos o situaciones incompletas o contnuas,probablemente como resultado de una condicin irreal.I would be working in New York by now if I spoke American English.(but I don't speak American English at all, so I am not working in New York).


30/46

Estara trabajando en Nueva York en estos momentos si hablara Ingls Americano.(pero no hablo Ingls Americano, por lo tanto no estoy trabajando en Nueva York).Mabel would be living with Fernando if she wasn't living with her parents.(but Mabel is living with her parents, so she's not living with him).Mabel estara viviendo con Fernando si ella no estuviese viviendo con sus padres.(pero Mabel est viviendo con sus padres, por lo tanto no est viviendo con l).I wouldn't be eating this horrible cake if I wasn't extremely hungry.(but I'm starvng now, so I'm eating it).No estara comiendo esta espantosa torta si no tuviese tanto apetito.(pero me estoy muriendo de hambre, por lo tanto la estoy comiendo).expresiones usuales del condicional continuo

If I had... I would... - I wouldn't... if I had...


31/46

Simple Conditional Perfec What would you h ave done?Qu habras hecho?

subject + would have + 3 1 2 3go went gone

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI would have gone I wouldn't have gone Would I have gone ?You would have gone You wouldn't have gone Would you have gone ?He would have gone He wouldn't have gone Would he have gone ?She would have gone She wouldn't have gone Would she have gone ?It would have gone It wouldn't have gone Would it have gone ?We would have gone We wouldn't have gone Would we have gone ?You would have gone You wouldn't have gone Would you have gone ?They would have gone They wouldn't have gone Would they have gone ?

Affirmative subject + would have + 3I would have gone to New York - Yo habra ido a New YorkHe would have gone to New York - El habra ido a New YorkNegative subject + wouldn't have + 3I wouldn't have gone to New York - Yo no habra ido a New YorkHe wouldn't have gone to New York - El no habra ido a New YorkInterrogative Would + subject + have 3 ?Would I have gone to New York? - Habra ido yo a New York ?Would he have gone to New York? - Habra ido l a New York?

usos del condicional perfecto simpleTercer Condicional o Condicional Tipo III.If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you.Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habra ido a ver. If she had studied at OM Personal, she would have passed her FCE examination.Si hubiese estudiado en OM Personal, habra aprobado su examen de First Certificate.If I had known that Buenos Aires was so cheap, I would have gone there.Si hubiese sabido que Buenos Aires es tan barato, habra ido all.


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expresiones usuales del condicional perfecto simpleif I had ... - if I were ... - if he were ...


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Progressive Conditional Perfec What would you have been doing?Qu habras estado haciendo?

subject + would have been + 1 > "ing" 1 2 3go went gone


Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI would have been going I would not have been going Would I have been going ?

You would have been going You would not have been going Would you have been going ?He would have been going He would not have been going Would he have been going ?She would have been going She would not have been going Would she have been going ?It would have been going It would not have been going Would it have been going ?We would have been going We would not have been going Would we have been going ?

You would have been going You would not have been going Would you have been going ?They would have been going They would not have been going Would they have been going ?Affirmative subject + would have been + 1 > "ing"I would have been going to New York - Yo habra estado yendo a N.Y.He would have been going to New York - El habra estado yendo a N.Y.Negative subject + wouldn't (would not) have been + 1 > "ing" I wouldn't have been going to New York - No habra estado yendo a N.Y.He wouldn't have been going to New York - El no habra estado yendo a N.Y.Interrogative Would + subject + have been + 1 > "ing" ?Would I have been going to New York ? - Habra yo estado yendo a N.Y. ?Would he have been going to New York ? - Habra l estado yendo a N.Y. ?

usos del condicional perfecto continuoEste tiempo verbal hace referencia al resultado incompleto de la accin de laclusulaify expresa este resultado como una accin continua o no finalizada.Tercer Condicional o Condicional Tipo III.If the weather had been better (but it wasn't), my sister-in-law would have


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been sittingin the garden when I arrived (but she wasn't and so I didn't seeher).Si el tiempo hubiese estado mejor (pero no fue as), mi cuada habra estado sentadaen el jardn cuando yo llegu (pero no lo estaba y, por lo tanto, no la v).If the youngsters had known it was dangerous, they would not have beenclimbing such a mountain.Si los jvenes hubiesen sabido que era peligroso, no habran estado escalandosemejante montaa.If I had had more money, I would have been travelling all around Europewith my friends that summer.Si hubiese tenido ms dinero, habra estado recorriendo toda Europa con mis amigosese verano.expresiones usuales del condicional perfecto continuo

if I had had ... - if he had known ...


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Simple Modal What (can/cou ld) you do?Qu (puedes/podras) hacer?What (may/might ) you do?Qu (puedes/podras) hacer?

What (mus t/should) you do?Qu (debes/deberas) hacer?

subject + modal + 1 1 2 3go went gone

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI can go I can't go Can I go ?I could go I couldn't go Could I go ?I may go

I may not go

May I go ?

I might go I might not go Might I go ?I must go I mustn't go Must I go ?I should go I shouldn't go Should I go ?

Affirmative subject + modal + 1I can go to New York - Puedo ir a New York (posibilidad fsica, conocimiento)I could go to New York - Podra ir a New York (alternativa)I may go to New York - Puedo ir a New York (permiso)

I might go to New York - Podra ir a New York (posibilidad)I must go to New York - Debo ir a New York (obligacin)I should go to New York - Debera ir a New York (obligacin moral, consejo)Negative subject + modal + not + 1I can't go to New York - No puedo ir a New York

I couldn't go to New York - No podra ir a New YorkI may not go to New York - No puedo ir a New York

I might not go to New York - No podra ir a New York

I mustn't go to New York - No debo ir a New York

I shouldn't go to New York - No debera ir a New YorkInterrogative modal + subject + 1 ?Can I go to New York ? - Puedo ir a New York ?Could I go to New York ? - Podra ir a New York ?


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May I go to New York ? - Puedo ir a New York ?Might I go to New York ? - Podra ir a New York ?Must I go to New York ? - Debo ir a New York ?Should I go to New York ? - Debera ir a New York ?


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Progressive Modal What (can/cou ld) you be doing?Qu (puedes/podras) estar haciendo?What (may/might ) you be doing?Qu (puedes/podras) estar haciendo?

What (mus t/should) you be doing?Qu (debes/deberas) estar haciendo?

subject + modal + be+ 1 > "ing"

1 2 3go went gone

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI can be going I can't be going Can I be going ?I could be going I couldn't be going Could I be going ?I may be going

I may not be going

May I be going ?

I might be going I might not be going Might I be going ?I must be going I mustn't be going Must I be going ?I should be going I shouldn't be going Should I be going ?

Affirmative subject + modal + be + 1 > "ing"I can be going to New York - Puedo estar yendo a NY (posib. fsica, conocimiento)I could be going to New York - Podra estar yendo a NY (alternativa)I may be going to New York - Puedo estar yendo a NY (permiso)

I might be going to New York - Podra estar yendo a NY (posibilidad)I must be going to New York - Debo estar yendo a NY (obligacin)I should be going to New York - Debera estar yendo a NY (oblig. moral, consejo)Negative subject + modal + not be + 1 > "ing"I can't be going to New York - No puedo estar yendo a NYI couldn't be going to New York - No podra estar yendo a NYI may not be going to New York - No puedo estar yendo a NYI might not be going to New York - No podra estar yendo a NY

I mustn't be going to New York - No debo estar yendo a NY

I shouldn't be going to New York - No debera estar yendo a NY

Interrogative modal + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ?Can I be going to New York ? - Puedo estar yendo a NY ?Could I be going to New York ? - Podra estar yendo a NY ?


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May I be going to New York ? - Puedo estar yendo a NY?Might I be going to New York ? - Podra estar yendo a NY ?Must I be going to New York ? - Debo estar yendo a NY ?Should I be going to New York ? - Debera estar yendo a NY ?


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1 INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 PARTICIPLE ESPAOLabide (abid) abode (abud) abode (abud) tolerar, soportararise (aris) arose (arus) arisen(arsn) surgir, plantearawake (auik)

awoke (auuk)

awoke (auuk)

despertarse

1 INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 PARTICIPLE ESPAOLbe (bi) [am/are/is] was/were (us/ur) been(bin) ser, estarbeat(bit) beat(bit) beaten(bitn) golpear, latir, batirbecome (bikm) became (bikim) become (bikm) llegar a serbegin(bigun) began (bign) begun(bign) comenzarbend (bend) bent (bent) bent (bent) doblarse, inclinarsebet (bet) bet (bet) bet (bet) apostar en algobind (bind) bound (bund) bound (bund) atar, unir, ligarbite (bit)

bit (bit)

bitten (btn)

morder/se

bleed(bl:d) bled (bled) bled (bled) sangrarblow (blu) blew (blu) blown (blun) soplar, hacer sonarbreak (brik) broke (bruk) broken(brukn) romper


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breed(br:d) bred(bred) bred(bred) criar, reproducir/sebring (bring) brought (brot) brought (brot) traerbuild (bilt) built (bilt) built (bilt) construirburn (bern) burnt (bernt) burnt (bernt) quemarbuy (bi) bought (bot) bought (bot) comprar

1 INFINITIVE

2 PAST

3 PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL

catch (kach) caught (kot) caught (kot) agarrarchoose (chus) chose (chos) chosen (chsn) elegircome (km) came (kem) come (km) venircost (kost) cost (kost) cost (kost) costarcreep(kr:p) crept(krept) crept(krept) arrastrar, deslizarsecut (kat) cut (kat) cut (kat) cortar

1 INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 PARTICIPLE ESPAOLdeal(d:l) dealt(delt) dealt(delt) tratar, ocuparsedig(dig)

dug(dag)

dug(dag)

cavar, excavar

do (d) [does] did (dd) done (dn) hacerdraw (dr:) drew (dr) drawn (drn) dibujar, atraerdrink(drink) drank (drnk) drunk (drank) beber


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drive (driv) drove (druv) driven (drvn) conducir

1 INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 PARTICIPLE ESPAOLfall (fol) fell(fel) fallen (flen) caerfeed (f:d) fed (fed) fed (fed) alimentarfeel (f:l) felt (felt) felt (felt) sentirfight (fit) fought(f:t) fought(f:t) luchar, pelearfind (find) found (fand) found (fund) encontrarflee (fl:) fled (fled) fled (fled) escapar, huirfling (fln:) flung(flang) flung(flang) arrojar, lanzarfly (fli) flew (flu) flown (fln) volarforget (forgut) forgot (forgt) forgotten (forgtn) olvidarfreeze(fr:s) froze(frus) frozen(frusn) helar, congelar

1 INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 PARTICIPLE ESPAOLget (gut) got (got) got/gotten (got/gotn) obtener, conseguirgive (guv) gave (guiv) given(guvn) dargo(gu) went (unt) gone(gn) irgrind(grind) ground(grund) ground(grund) molergrow (gru) grew (gr) grown (grn) cultivar, crecer

eat (:t) ate (et) eaten (tn) comer


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1 INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 PARTICIPLE ESPAOLhang (jng) hung (jng) hung (jng) colgarhave (jev) [have/has] had (jad) had (jad) tener, haberhear(jar) heard (jerd) heard (jerd) orhide (jid) hid (jid) hidden (jdn) ocultar, esconderhit (jit) hit (jit) hit (jit) golpearhold (juld) held(jeld) held (jeld) sostener, soportar

1 INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 PARTICIPLE ESPAOLkeep(k:p) kept(kept) kept (kept) guardar, conservarkneel (n:l) knelt(nelt) knelt(nelt) arrodillarseknow (nu) knew(ni) known (nun) saber, conocer

1 INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 PARTICIPLE ESPAOLlead (l:d) led (led) led (led) guiar, conducirlend (lend) lent (lent) lent (lent) prestarlearn (lrn) learnt (lernt) learnt (lernt) aprenderleave (l:v) left (left) left (left) irse, dejar, partirlose (l:s) lost(lost) lost (lost) perder


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1 INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 PARTICIPLE ESPAOL

mean (m:n) meant (ment) meant (ment) significarmeet (m:t) met (met) met (met) encontrarse con

1 INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 PARTICIPLE ESPAOLpay (pi) paid(ped) paid(ped) pagarput (put) put (put) put (put) poner, colocar

1 INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 PARTICIPLE ESPAOLread (rid) read (red) read (red) leerride (rid) rode (rud) ridden(rdn) cabalgarring (ring) rang (reng) rung(rang) sonarrun(ran) ran (ren) run (ran) correr

1 INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 PARTICIPLE ESPAOLsay (si) said(sed) said (sed) decirsee (s:) saw (s:) seen(sin) verseek (s:k) sought (sot) sought (sot) buscarsell(sel) sold (suld) sold (suld) vendersend(send) sent (sent) sent (sent) enviarshake(shik) shook(shuk) shaken(shikn) agitar, sacudir

make (mik) made(mid) made (mid) hacer, fabricar


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shine(shin) shone(shun) shone(shun) brillar, resplandecershoot(sh:t) shot(shot) shot(shot) pegar un tiroshow(shu) showed(shud) shown (shun) mostrar, demostrarshrink(shrink) shrank (shrenk) shrunk (shrank) encogerse (tamao)shut (shat) shut (shat) shut (shat) cerrarsing (sing) sang(seng) sung (sang) cantarsink(sink) sank (senk) sunk(sank) hundir/sesit(sit) sat (sat) sat (sat) sentar/seslay (sli)

slew(sli)

slain(slin)

asesinar

sleep(slp) slept (slpt) slept (slpt) dormirslide(slid) slid(slid) slid(slid) resbalar, deslizarsling(sling) slung(slang) slung(slang) lanzar con fuerzasmell (smel) smelt(smelt) smelt(smelt) olerspeak (spik) spoke(spuk) spoken(spukn) hablarspend (spend) spent (spent) spent (spent) gastar, pasarspin(spin) spun(span) spun(span) girar, hilarstand (stand) stood (st:d) stood(st:d) pararsesteal(stl) stole(stul) stolen (stln) robarstick (stik) stuck (stak) stuck (stak) pinchar, atascarsesting (sting) stung(stang) stung(stang) picar, arderstride(strid) strode (strud) strode (strud) dar pasos largosstrike(strik) struck (strak) struck (strak) golpear, sonarstrive(striv) strove (struv) striven (strvn) esforzarse


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swear(sua:) swore(sur) sworn(surn) jurar, maldecirsweep (su:p) swept(supt) swept(supt) barrerswell (sul) swelled (suld) swollen(sulen) hinchar/seswim(sum) swam(sum) swum (sum) nadar

1 INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 PARTICIPLE ESPAOLtake(tik) took(tul) taken (tikn) tomar, llevarteach (tch) taught (tot) taught (tot) enseartear(ta:) tore(tor) torn(torn) rasgar, arrancartell (tel) told (told) told (told) decir, contarthink (zink) thought (zot) thought(zot) pensar, creerthrive (zriv) throve (zruv) thriven(zrvn) crecer, prosperarthrow (zru) threw (zru) thrown(zrun) tirar, arrojartread(tred) trod(trod) trodden(trden) pisar, aplastar

1 INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 PARTICIPLE ESPAOLunderstand(anderstnd) understood(anderstd) understood(anderstd) entender,comprenderundertake(andertik)

undertook(andertk)

undertaken(andertikn)

comprometerse,emprender

undo (and) undid (andd) undone (andn) deshacer


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1 INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 PARTICIPLE ESPAOLwake(uik) woke (uuk) woken (uukn) despertarsewear(uar) wore (ur) worn(urn) vestir, usar (ropa)weave(wv) wove(wov) woven (wven) tejerweep(w:p) wept(wpt) wept(wpt) llorarwin(un) won(un) won (un) ganarwind(uind) wound(uund) wound(uund) serpentear, enrollarwithdraw (uizdr:) withdrew (uizdr) withdrawn (uizdrm) retirar/se, extraerwring(ring) wrung (rang) wrung (rang) retorcer, escurrirwrite(rit) wrote (rut) written (rtn) escribir

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Tenses and Irregular Verbs