The Philippine Educational System and Its Legal Bases

Group 4Presentation

• Part 1– Primary Legal Bases of Education

• 1987 Constitution• Education Act of 1982• PD No. 6-A

– Other Legal Bases

• Part 2– Nature and Structure of DepEd

• Academic Calendar• Medium of Instruction• Government Agencies

– Present and Future Directions of Education• Current Problems• Plans• Other Issues

Presentation Outline

The Philippine Educational System

and its Legal Bases

Primary Legal Bases

1987 Constitution

• Article II – declaration of policies of the state• Article XIV - Education, Science and

Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports • Article XV – The Family

Three articles that deal directly or indirectly with the education system of the Philippines:

Article IIThe State shall

• value the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for human rights;

• strengthen the family as a basic, self-governing social unit and protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception;

• provide support to parents in the rearing of their children for civic efficiency and the development of moral character;

• recognize the vital role of the youth in the country's development;• promote and protect the physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and

social well-being of the youth;• make education, science and technology, arts, culture and

sports a priority of the State.

1987 Constitution

The kind of education that is envisioned in the Constitution is "quality

education,"a "complete, adequate, and integratedsystem of education relevant to the

needs of the people and society," and the State must ensure thatall citizens can accessthis envisioned system of education.

1987 Constitution

Section 1

The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.

1987 Constitution

Article XIV

Section 2

State• provide for a free public elementary and secondary education• provide scholarship grants, student loan programs, subsidies

and other incentives to deserving and poor students• manage and regulate, reasonably, all educational institutions• take into account regional and sectoral needs• enhance the right of teachers to professional advancement

1987 Constitution

Article XIV

1987 Constitution

Article XIVSection 2

State• give the highest budgetary priority to education• give priority to research and development and innovation

and• protect the rights of scientists, inventors, artists and

other gifted citizens to their intellectual property rights• promote physical education and sports programs in

order to instill self-discipline and foster teamwork and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.

• patron of the arts and letters.

Section 2

Academic Institutions• Include the study of the Constitution in their curricula.• inculcate patriotism and nationalism• foster love for humanity• promote respect for human rights• promote appreciation of the role of national heroes in the historical development of the country• teach the rights and duties of citizenship• encourage critical and creative thinking

1987 Constitution

Article XIV

Section 2

Promotion of Arts, Culture, and Freedom• give academic freedom to all institutions of higher learning• ensure the right of all citizens to select a profession or course of study, subject to fair, reasonable and equitable

academic requirements• preserve and enrich the Filipino national culture based on the principles of unity in diversity and free expression • protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities and to use these rights as inputs for national plans and

policies• support researches and studies on the arts and culture

1987 Constitution

Article XIV

Section 2

Language• Filipino is the national language of the Philippines• English and Filipino as the official languages

1987 Constitution

Article XIV

• protect and defend the right of children to assistance, including proper care and nutrition, and special protection from all forms of neglect, abuse, cruelty, exploitation, and other conditions prejudicial to their development

• right of families or family associations to participate in the planning and implementation of policies and programs that affect them

Article XV

1987 Constitution

Education Act of 1982

• Outlines the structure of formal education system as follows:– Elementary (including pre-school)– Secondary– Tertiary

• Work Education, Practical Arts, Technical-vocational education, Special Education, and Non-formal Education are also provided to meet the needs of individuals who, in certain instances, are limited to follow the formal education system.

Education Act of 1982

Non-Formal EducationNon-Formal EducationAGE LEVEL15-24 – Out of School Youth` Basic Literacy

Level25 above-Adults Elementary Level

Secondary Level

Structure of the Formal Public Educational SystemStructure of the Formal Public Educational System

AgeAge 3 4 5

Grade/Grade/YearYear

LevelLevel

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1 2 3 4 5 6

16 17 18 19

General Secondary

School

Vocational Secondary

School

Special Schools

General, Humanities, Educ/Teacher Trng,Social/Beh. Sci.Business Ad., Natural ScienceMathematics

2-3 Yr. Technical or Technician

SECONDARY

(Optional)

ELEMENTARY

(Compulsory)

Post Secondary

Mass Com, Other Dis.,Fine Arts, Architectural,Religious/Theology,Law & Jurisprudence,Medical, Engineering,Veterinary, Medicine

Trades, CraftsHome Econ.Service Traders

PRE –

SCHOOL

I II III IV

TERTIARY

20, 21 AND ABOVE

Masteral Courses

Doctoral Courses

POST GRADUATE

GRADUATE

The Educational Act of 1972 (P.D. No. 6-A)

• Goals of the educational system (Sec. 2:a-c)• objectives of the educational system (Sec. 3:a-d)• ten-year program to attain the objectives (Sec. 4:a-f)• educational projects to attain the objectives (Sec. 5:a-g)• working arrangement to attain the objective (Sec. 6:a-b)• the national board of education (Sec. 6, par. 2:a-c)

Other Important Legal Bases

EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF 1863

The decree provided for the establishment of primary school for boys and girls in each town of the

country.


ACT NO. 1870 OF 1908

The law served as the legal basis for the creation of the University of

the Philippines.


VOCATIONAL ACT OF1927

The Vocational Act as amended by other acts laid the foundations of

vocational education in public schools and made provisions for its

support.


EDUCATION ACT OF 1940

Also known as Commonwealth Act No. 586, the Education Act laid the

foundations for the present six-year elementary course and made

provisions for its support.


REORGANIZATION ACT OF 1947

The Act placed public and private schools under the supervision and control of the Bureau of Public and

Private Schools.


REPUBLIC ACT 5250 OF 1966

The Act provided the legal basis for the implementation of a ten-year

teacher education program in special education.


Popularly known as the Bilingual Education Program of 1974, the

Order required the use of English as medium of instruction for

science and mathematics subjects and the use of Filipino as medium of instruction for all other subjects in the elementary and high school

levels.DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTS (DECS) ORDER NO. 25 OF 1974


The Decree was a legal and formal recognition of teachers as

professionals and teaching as a profession.

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1006 OF 1976


The Act created the Legal Education Board whose task was to regulate and improve the quality of

law schools in the Philippines in order to stop the increasing

number of examinees who fail to pass the bar examinations given

every year.

REPUBLIC ACT 6655 OF 1988


Popularly known as the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988, the Act created a system of free education in public high schools.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 5698


Nature and Structure of Philippine Education

Academic Calendar

Beginning of the Academic School Year

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec


Academic Calendar

Summer Break



Academic Calendar

four-five days break at the

start of November



Academic Calendar

Two-three weeks break


Medium of instruction

English to the local vernacular

Chinese and Arabic in the southern part of the country


Government Agencies

1987 1994 2001

1987 DECS is the principal government agency responsible

for education and manpower development.


Government Agencies

1987 1994 2001

1994 Tri-focalization of 1994 Tri-focalization of Education ManagementEducation Management

RA 7722 and RA 7796 created: DECS for basic education

CHED for higher educationTESDA for post-secondary,

middle-level manpower training and development


Government Agencies

1987 1994 2001

““Governance of Basic Education Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001Act of 2001” ”

RA 9155: Formally renamed DECS as the

Department of Education (DepEd) and transferred “culture”

and “sports” to the National Commission for the Culture and the

Arts and the Philippine Sports Commission


Present and Future Direction of Philippine Education and Noncommittal Issues

Current Problems

• There are still not enough classrooms.• Many schools still lack even the most basic utilities like

water and electricity.• There are not enough textbooks, and the ones that are

there are still filled with errors.• There are still too many children in a classroom and too

few teachers to take care of them.

• Our pupils and students are not learning what they should, when they should.

• Our schools have so far been unable to provide our learners with a globally competitive level of mastery of desired concepts and skills.

Current Problems

Teachers also lack the competence to confidently discuss their subject matter. Their teaching methods are outdated and their training is woefully inadequate.

They are overworked and underpaid.

Teacher Education Institutions are finding it increasingly difficult to turn out confident, highly motivated teachers.

Current Problems

Government Plans / Visions

SONA (2010)

Oras na maipatupad ang public-private partnerships na ito, mapopondohanang mga serbisyong panlipunan, alinsunod sa ating plataporma. Magkakapondo na po para maipatupad ang mga plano natin sa edukasyon.

Mapapalawak natin ang basic education cycle mula sa napakaikling sampung taon tungo sa global standard na labindalawang taon. Madadagdagan natin ang mga classroom. Mapopondohan natin ang service contracting sa ilalim ng GASTPE.

Pati ang conditional cash transfers, na magbabawas ng pabigat sa bulsa ng mga pamilya, madadagdan na rin ng pondo.

Millennium Development Goals

Fix Philippine basic education through 12-year basic education cycle

Universal preschooling for all

Madaris education as a sub-system within the education system

Technical vocational education as an alternative stream in senior high school, ensuring that every child is a reader by grade 1

Focusing on science and math proficiency

Providing assistance to private schools as essential partners in basic education

Rationalizing the medium of instruction

Providing quality textbooks forging of covenant with local governments to build more schools.

Government Plans / Visions

Other Issues

12 Year Basic Education

This has been proposed “in order to conform with global standards and improve the quality of education”. However, many opposed to the 2 year addition to basic education. The reasons were outlined in this article.

Sex education

Schools have started teaching sex education that aimed at curbing the birth rate in the Philippines. Howeverm the Catholic Church opposes to this.

Other Issues

Inclusive education

The fundamental principle of inclusive school is that all children should learn together, wherever possible, regardless of any difficulties or differences they may have.

Other Issues

Cyber Ed

Cyber Ed is the technology that will enable the Department to deliver high quality education to our students and out-of-school youth even in the remotest areas of the country.

Other Issues

Documents

The Philippine Educational System and Its Legal Bases