Development of the Philippine

Educational System during the American

Occupation

Educational Aim:

to promote democratic ideals and ways of life

to promote liberal democracy, training for citizenship and eventual self-governance for the Filipinos. English was imposed as the medium of instruction

Contents

The defeat of Spain by American forces paved the way for Aguinaldo’s Republic under a Revolutionary Government

The schools maintained by Spain for more than three centuries were closed for the time being but were reopened on Aug. 29, 1898 by the Secretary of the Interior

The Burgos Institute in Malolos, the Military Academy of Malolos, and the Literary University of the Philippines

A system of free and compulsory elementary education was established by the Malolos Constitution

Training was done through the schools both public and secular manned by Chaplains and military officers of the US Army and the Thomasites brought here by the vessel Thomas

The University of the Philippines was founded in 1908. it was the first state school of university status

Reading, writing, arithmetic, good manners and right conduct (GMRC), civics, hygiene and sanitation, gardening, domestic science, American history and Philippine History were subjects for study

Philippine education during this period was highly influenced by the Philosophy of John Dewey

Teaching Method

- Teaching was done through democratic way of teaching

contributions of the Americans to Philippine Education

Religious freedom was enforcedDevelopment of the intelligence, right attitudes, and habits of children who were to become citizens of the future were emphasizedCitizenship for adults became importantDemocratic ideal as philosophy was emphasizedSupervision of schools took the role of guidance and consultancy

Legal Mandates

The Treaty of Paris in Dec. 1898 put an abrupt end to the newly born republic. President McKinley issued his “Benevolent Assimilation” by which America would assume to full control and administration of Philippine affairs. In 1899, he appointed a commission to study the newly acquired territory and this became known as the Schurman Commission

In 190, another commission was appointed and this was the Taft Commission. Its task was to organize a civil government

In 1900, the Office of Superintended of Public Instruction was created with Capt. Albert Todd as the general superintendent of schools

The Educational Act of 1901, also known as Act No. 74 of the Philippine Commission, was promulgated to establish a Department of Public Instruction to oversee the operation of public schools 1. Sec. 1-13 of the Act were meant to establish a highly centralized system

2. Sec. 14-15 provided for the importation of American teachers (Thomasites)

3. Sec. 16 provided for the separation of church and state

4. Sec. 17 created the Philippine Normal School (PNU)

The Department of Public Instruction set up three level school system. The first level consisted of a four-year primary and three-year intermediate or seven-year elementary school. The second level was a four-year level high school. The third level was at first a two-year junior college and later a four-year program

In 1925, the Monroe Survey Commission, headed by Paul Monroe was created to evaluate the entire school system that Americans set up, the first of its kind in the country. Act no. 3162 and 3196 made possible the conduct of Monroe survey and recommended the ff:

1. Educational reforms regarding methods and techniques of teaching,

supervision, teacher training and curriculum

2. Evaluation of teaching and learningIn 1927, the American Director of the Bureau of Education spelled out aims for education

1.Training for self-governance2. Provision of English as common

language

Established schools under American Occupation

Siliman University

FEU

PWU

UP

PUP TUP

Gabaldon School

Philippine Normal University

Prepared By:Jeanlyn Cordero ArcanII-23 BSE Social Science

Prof. Ferrer