“Recognizing that the art of effective government in contemporary society is now also dependent on social science, Ongaro and van Thiel have delivered an ambitious scholarly project to document administrative diversity and complexity in Europe. Grounded in a parliamentary-legal context, this long awaited set of analyses by pro-minent scholars provides a compass for delivering on governments’ promises, a comparative framework for scholarly research across borders, and a model that public administration and management communities in other regions of the world—governed under diverse systems—should not only teach, but replicate as an intellectual resource.”

—Marc Holzer, University Professor and Founding Dean Emeritus, School of Public Affairs and Administration, Rutgers University, USA

“Public administration in Europe is doing remarkably well—both as a field of practice and as an interdisciplinary field of study. Contrary to some expectations the modern state, its organization and its management are more important and relevant than ever, and European scholars are playing an ever more prominent role in describing and explaining these developments. This Handbook offers a fascinating overview over the unique administrative and theoretical diversity of Europe, and for the first time it assembles a truly European group of PA scholars, from north and south as well as from east and west. It is a milestone for many years to come.”

—Werner Jann, Emeritus Professor of Political Science, Administration and Organisation, University of Potsdam, Germany

“This comprehensive collection is strongly recommended as the essential source on European public administration and management. A compelling feature is that the book includes so many of the right experts writing on the most pertinent subjects in this field.”

—John Halligan, Professor of Public Administration, University of Canberra, Australia

“True understanding is comparative and contextual in nature. This handbook embodies that spirit and will greatly help advance our understanding of public administration and policy in Europe. It is not only comprehensive and systematic but also substantive and state of the art! A must-have for those who are interested in Europe and those who are interested in comparing public management and policy across national boundaries.”

—Kaifeng Yang, Dean and Professor, School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University, China, and Professor, Florida State University, US

The Palgrave Handbook of Public Administration and Management in Europe

“This is an authoritative collection of key readings on Public Administration and Management covering all key topics and perspectives. While its geographic focus is Europe, indeed right because of the uniqueness of depth of analysis into the context of this region, readers in all parts of the world will find it most useful.”

—M. Ramesh, Professor of Governance and Public Policy, Lee Kwan Yew School of Public Policy, Singapore

“This Handbook provides a comprehensive and informative collection of key readings on the public sector in Europe. Anyone interested in public administration in Europe can profit from reading this volume.”

—B. Guy Peters, Maurice Falk Professor of American Government, University of Pittsburgh, USA

“When brilliant scholars are joined together by equally competent editors—in a perspective that is all-encompassing across the countries of a region and the generations of scholars—the outcome is a marvellous gift for the entire public administration and management community, the Latin American and the global one. We do have in our hands a richly designed mosaic of theories, doctrines, approaches, methods and practices, corresponding to all the most relevant themes in the field. Charting the territory of public administration and management in Europe provides an invaluable map for the comparative administration movement across the globe. Focus and locus are intertwined to generate good knowledge.”

—Bianor Scelza Cavalcanti, International Director, Getulio Vargas Foundation, Brazil

“Now we have a very significant and challenging handbook of Public Administration and Management contextualized to contemporary Europe, where the science and practice of public administration are strongly developed. It represents a basis for other regions of the world to undertake comparative research and ultimately further the general study of public management in the global society.”

—Koichiro Agata, Professor of Public Administration, Waseda University, Japan

Edoardo Ongaro · Sandra van Thiel Editors

The Palgrave Handbook of Public Administration and

Management in Europe

EditorsEdoardo OngaroDepartment for Public Leadership and

Social Enterprise—PulSE Faculty of Business and Law

The Open UniversityMilton Keynes, UK

Sandra van ThielInstitute for Management ResearchRadboud University NijmegenNijmegen, The Netherlands

ISBN 978-1-137-55268-6 ISBN 978-1-137-55269-3 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55269-3

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017939083

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018, corrected publication 2018The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identified as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Cover illustration: © Worldspec/NASA/Alamy Stock Photo

Printed on acid-free paper

This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Macmillan Publishers Ltd. part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW, United Kingdom

This book is dedicated to Christopher Pollitta dear colleague, an intellectual guide, a friend

vii

Foreword

‘Tous les savoirs du monde’ (all The Knowledge oF The world)

It always was an ambition of human beings to map what is known, and to do so in a systematic way. This happened in Mesopotamia, in China, in Europe. It happened in the distant past of Alexandria, but also in the current wikipe-dian world.

Mapping the known in a certain reality, almost in an encyclopedic way, requires considering two intellectual dimensions. First, to have a good struc-ture for the knowledge inventory. Second, to have a comprehensive list of what is known under a particular category within that structure.

These structures of knowledge are always contingent. One could structure the existing knowledge and create a comprehensive format which includes all modules (which is mostly what this handbook aims to make). However, one could also start in a deductive way, and then develop a tree structure of pos-sible knowledge, known and unknown.

It is also interesting to see how levels of knowledge and coverage of reali-ties have evolved over the centuries. This is a dynamic process since knowl-edge creates realities, but realities also create knowledge. For these reasons, it is good to take stock of what is known in a particular field. This book is tak-ing stock of Public Administration in Europe as well as of the distinctiveness of European Public Administration. With its 63 chapters, it is comprehensive in its ambition.

european perspecTives For public adminisTraTion (eppa): european pa versus pa in europe

The PA research community in Europe has changed significantly in the past dec-ades. PA research has become more European. The volume of research money at the national and European (see the research programmes FP7 and H2020)

viii FOREWORD

level also has expanded and allowed to finance substantial research pro-grammes and networks (COST). It has pushed the quantity and quality of comparative research in the field of PA. Researchers and Ph.Ds. have circu-lated within Europe between research teams. Doctoral PA programmes have professionalized.

The PA community in Europe has grown in the past decades, certainly in some countries. There are many reasons for this. Obviously, the presence of EGPA (the European Group for Public Administration) and NISPAcee (the network of National Institutes and Schools for Public Administration in Cen-tral Eastern Europe) has created a (re-)new(ed) capacity. The PA-teaching networks have become more European with an effort to guarantee exchange, learning, quality control and to promote knowledge transfer across Europe (through the European Association of PA Accreditation—EAPAA, and the Erasmus programme).

There is a need to keep PA ‘contemporary’ and to stay relevant for the practice of public administration. Contemporary PA is not just PA knowledge produced today and focusing on current developments in the field of public administration and society, it is PA knowledge produced today that is relevant for the future. To have a PA knowledge production strategy which guarantees its relevance for the future, there is a need to organize this as an academic community.

Several periodic efforts have been organized in the past, mostly in the USA. The Minnowbrook tradition including the major conferences Min-nowbrook I (1968), Minnowbrook II (1988), Minnowbrook III (2008) are fine examples of how to reflect upon how to remain relevant for the future and how to anticipate. On the European side, even when many Americans were involved, the Bielefeld project at the beginning of the 1980s was a land-mark initiative. EGPA, on the occasion of its 35th anniversary in 2010 (as a regional group within IIAS—the International Institute of Administrative Sciences—which celebrated its 80th anniversary), reflected on the identity of its European PA community (Bouckaert and van de Donk 2010); and 5 years later, on occasion of its 40th anniversary, launched a similar exercise, this time focused on the institutionalization of EGPA in the research landscape, Euro-pean and global, as well as on the functional, cultural and institutional reasons that call for a regional group for PA in Europe (Ongaro 2017). Some promi-nent scholars have also made their own analysis and assessment of the field (Pollitt 2016).

When these past efforts of ‘taking stock’ or producing ‘substantial reflec-tions’ are analyzed, there seems to be a set of common denominators, assumptions and expectations (Bertels et al. 2016):

1. Public Administration research and teaching runs too much behind the actualities; however it should also be in front of the facts, it should not just push realities but also pull realities;

FOREWORD ix

2. Public Administration is too much dominated by one discipline; how-ever, it should be much more taking several disciplines into account and result in an equilibrated approach;

3. Public Administration is thinking too much in causal terms; however, it should also, as a social science, think in teleological terms;

4. Public Administration is often pretending to be disconnected from time and space; however, it should take actively and positively context and culture into account;

5. Public Administration research is still relevant for practice; however, it should anticipate its future relevance for public administration.

But why a European perspective?There are several reasons to take a European perspective to map the

knowledge of PA. The European level adds to its multi-level governance approach. There is administrative diversity and plurality, also shown in the official languages as expressions of cultures. Several modern conceptions were founded in Europe and have evolved in their own way, including the welfare state, separation of State and Churches or parliamentarianism. Its history has created its own path dependency.

There is a difference between European Public Administration (EPA) and Public Administration in Europe (PAE). It is necessary to distinguish between these two approaches. The one, EPA, takes the contingencies and features of Europe into account. It starts from the European specificities and moves to the general and generic levels. The other, PAE, is about applying general knowledge to the European sphere of public administration. Both approaches invite for comparative research and learning from other practices.

There are specific problems in Europe which need to be addressed, also by European scholars. Studying the functioning of the European Union Institutions (and the Council of Europe) and their policies, and their inter-actions with the Member-Countries, is one of the most significant topics where European Public Administration needs to increase its relevance and its capacity to be a part of the solutions. At the same time, Europe is about an ethnolinguistic and cultural diversity. There are 24 official languages in the European Union. To bring unity in diversity in a context of ‘requisite variety’ becomes an important assignment for PA.

Transformations of PA systems in Europe are a combination of causality and path dependency as a push factor, but also and even more of a teleologi-cal drive as a pull factor. Defining this ‘telos’—the goal to be pursued—should be a part of the role of PA to develop possible futures. The European Union moved from a chapter in foreign policy to a chapter in domestic policy and politics. Therefore, Public Administration also needs to move from Public Administration in its separate Member-Countries, to Public Administration in Europe, to ultimately European Public Administration. This trajectory calls for the broad umbrella of European Perspectives for Public Administration.

x FOREWORD

learning Through dialogues

The major purpose of mapping knowledge is also to push for new strategies for new knowledge. Increasingly knowledge production happens through interactions, collaborations and dialogues. PA as an interdisciplinary field of study needs platforms with shared research strategies. Ultimately, taking stock should be functional for the future. It will allow to ‘Know the known’, to ‘Know the unknown’, and to be aware of the ‘Unknown unknown’.

A crucial point for PA is if our knowledge of PA creates new realities, or whether (new) realities create new knowledge. It is the difference between knowledge as discovering existing realities and knowledge as innovating new realities. Social sciences in general, and PA in particular have been too much on the side of discovering and understanding existing realities, and perhaps too little on the side of innovating new realities. Let us hope this Handbook results in research strategies which innovate realities, and which anticipate future chal-lenges. Let us develop European Perspectives for Public Administration.

reFerences

Bouckaert, G. & van de Donk, W. (eds.) (2010). The European Group for Public Administration (1975–2010) Perspectives for the Future, Le Groupe Européen pour l’Administration Publique (1975–2010) Perspectives pour le Futur. Bruylant, Bruxelles, 342p.

Bertels, J., Bouckaert, G. & van de Donk, W. (2016). European Perspectives for Pub-lic Administration and Public Management. Paper presented at the 2016 IPMN Conference, St. Gallen, Switzerland.

EPPA (European Perspectives for Public Administration). www.europeanperspectivespa.eu.Ongaro, E. (ed.) (2017). Public Administration in Europe: The Contribution of EGPA.

London: Palgrave

KU Leuven, Belgium Geert Bouckaert

xi

The original version of the book was revised: In an older version of the front matter the endorsers’ names was erroneously recorded. This has now been

corrected to ‘John Halligan’.

xiii

acKnowledgemenTs

It is possibly a bit unusual to start acknowledgements with the very authors of the chapters of the book, but it is the contribution of each and every one of the many prominent scholars scattered across Europe who have been willing to spend a not irrelevant bit of their time and energies to make this handbook possible that we want to acknowledge first.

Our gratitude also goes to our home institutions. One of the editors (Edoardo) is especially grateful for a sabbatical granted by his former institution, Northumbria University, in Winter-spring 2016: an opportunity which deci-sively contributed to make this long-yearned intellectual venture possible.

We also thank wholeheartedly the Publisher, Palgrave. Jemima Warren has been a hugely supportive editor, always friendly to all our requests (often: of more, and then again more, pages for the handbook). All our requests had very good reasons (at least so we thought), but we wouldn’t have even dared to ask so many without knowing how exceptionally supportive Jemima and the staff at Palgrave were.

The venture of this handbook was originally conceived together with another commissioning editor at Palgrave, Sara Crowley-Vigneau. Sara has shown, since the very first talk—initial and exploratory—we had about the idea of a handbook on public administration and management in Europe, an incredible intellectual adhesion and trust in the significance of this project and has supported it wholeheartedly. We are very grateful to Sara for her support, which was simply decisive for this project to take off.

Later on in the unfolding of the project, Amy Helsloot provided invaluable support in the stylistic editing of all the chapters.

Last but not least, we want to thank our families for the unflinching support and inexhaustible patience, not least in tolerating our absence from family tasks (chores) while working during long weekends on the completion of this project.

Edoardo OngaroSandra van Thiel

xv

conTenTs

Part I Public Administration and Management in Europe

1 Introduction 3Edoardo Ongaro and Sandra van Thiel

2 Public Administration and Public Management Research in Europe: Traditions and Trends 11Edoardo Ongaro, Sandra van Thiel, Andrew Massey, Jon Pierre and Hellmut Wollmann

3 Education and Training in Public Administration and Management in Europe 41Christoph Reichard and Eckhard Schröter

4 Languages and Public Administration in Europe 61Edoardo Ongaro and Sandra van Thiel

Part II Public Management Themes

5 Strategic Management in Public Services Organizations: Developing a European Perspective 101Ewan Ferlie and Salvador Parrado

6 Leadership in Europe’s Public Sector 121Anne Drumaux and Paul Joyce

xvi CONTENTS

7 Public Budgets and Budgeting in Europe: State of the Art and Future Challenges 141Iris Saliterer, Mariafrancesca Sicilia and Ileana Steccolini

8 IPSAS, EPSAS and Other Challenges in European Public Sector Accounting and Auditing 165Isabel Brusca, Eugenio Caperchione, Sandra Cohen and Francesca Manes-Rossi

9 Accountability in Liberal Democratic, Parliamentary Systems 187Leanne-Marie McCarthy-Cotter and Matthew Flinders

10 Performance Management in Europe: An Idea Whose Time Has Come and Gone? 207Wouter Van Dooren and Cornelia Hoffmann

11 Explaining Citizen Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction with Public Services 227Steven Van de Walle

12 Public Personnel Reforms and Public Sector HRM in Europe 243Peter Leisink and Eva Knies

13 Public Service Motivation: State of the Art and Conceptual Cleanup 261Wouter Vandenabeele, Adrian Ritz and Oliver Neumann

14 Ethics and Integrity 279Michael Macaulay

15 The Public Network Scholarly Community in Europe: Main Characteristics and Future Developments 291Daniela Cristofoli, Myrna Mandell and Marco Meneguzzo

16 Collaborative Governance and the Third Sector: Something Old, Something New 311Taco Brandsen and Karen Johnston

17 Agencification in Europe 327Koen Verhoest

CONTENTS xvii

18 ICT, E-Government and E-Governance: Bits & Bytes for Public Administration 347Vincent Homburg

19 Public Procurement in Europe 363Jolien Grandia

20 Public–Private Partnerships: Recent Trends and the Central Role of Managerial Competence 381Veronica Vecchi and Mark Hellowell

21 From Participation to Co-production: Widening and Deepening the Contributions of Citizens to Public Services and Outcomes 403Elke Loeffler and Tony Bovaird

22 The Roles of Branding in Public Administration and Place Management: Possibilities and Pitfalls 425G.J. Ashworth and M. Kavaratzis

23 Communication of and for Public Services 441Martial Pasquier

24 Managing Crises in Europe: A Public Management Perspective 459Donald Blondin and Arjen Boin

25 Consulting for the Public Sector in Europe 475Reto Steiner, Claire Kaiser and Lukas Reichmuth

26 Public Sector Negotiations 497Robin Bouwman

Part III Public Policy and Administration Themes

27 Policy-Making and Public Management 517Alberto Asquer and Valentina Mele

28 Agenda-Setting and Framing in Europe 535Sebastiaan Princen

xviii CONTENTS

29 Policy Implementation in an Age of Governance 553Harald Sætren and Peter L. Hupe

30 Policy Evaluation in Europe 577Valérie Pattyn, Stijn van Voorst, Ellen Mastenbroek and Claire A. Dunlop

31 Policy Learning and Organizational Capacity 595Claire A. Dunlop and Claudio M. Radaelli

32 Policy Diffusion and European Public Policy Research 621Fabio Wasserfallen

33 Comparative Regulatory Regimes and Public Policy 635Martino Maggetti and Christian Ewert

34 Coordination in Europe 653Muiris MacCarthaigh and Astrid Molenveld

35 Risk and Blame in the Public Sector 671Sandra L. Resodihardjo

36 EU Citizens and Public Services: The Machinery Behind the Principles 689François Lafarge

37 Is Social Innovation a Game Changer of Relationships Between Citizens and Governments? 707William Voorberg and Victor Bekkers

38 Welfare Administration and Its Reform 727Tanja Klenk

Part IV Comparative Perspectives and the Study of Public Administration in Europe

39 The Transformative Effects of Transnational Administrative Coordination in the European Multi-level System 747Tobias Bach and Eva Ruffing

40 The Changing Nature of European Governance and the Dynamics of Europeanization 765Vasilis Leontitsis and Stella Ladi

CONTENTS xix

41 The European Commission as an Administration 783Hussein Kassim

42 The EU Policy Process 805Eva G. Heidbreder and Gijs Jan Brandsma

43 Europeanization of Policies and Administration 823Ellen Mastenbroek

44 Comparative Local Government Research: Theoretical Concepts and Empirical Findings from a European Perspective 841Ellen Wayenberg and Sabine Kuhlmann

45 Factors and Determinants of the Quality of Public Administration in the CEE-Region 865Juraj Nemec and Michiel S. de Vries

46 Public Administration in Europe North and South: Enduring Differences and New Cleavages? 881Dimitri A. Sotiropoulos

47 The Impact of Fiscal Crisis on Public Administration in Europe 899Tiina Randma-Liiv and Walter Kickert

48 Exploring the Legacies of New Public Management in Europe 919Philippe Bezes

49 Public Value Management and New Public Governance: Key Traits, Issues and Developments 967Joyce Liddle

50 What is the ‘Neo-Weberian State’ as a Regime of Public Administration? 991Haldor Byrkjeflot, Paul du Gay and Carsten Greve

51 Max Weber’s Bequest for European Public Administration 1011Christian Rosser

52 Islamic Public Administration in Europe 1031Wolfgang Drechsler

xx CONTENTS

53 Public Administration and Political Science 1049Michael W. Bauer

54 Law and Public Administration: A Love–Hate Relationship? 1067Dacian C. Dragos and Philip M. Langbroek

55 An Organization Approach to Public Administration 1087Tom Christensen and Per Lægreid

56 Economics and PA: Public Choice Theory, Transaction Costs Theory, Theory of Expectations, and the Enduring Influence of Economics Modeling on PA—Comparing the Debate in the US and Europe 1105Piret Tõnurist and Martin Bækgaard

57 Behavioral Public Administration: Connecting Psychology with European Public Administration Research 1121Asmus Leth Olsen, Lars Tummers, Stephan Grimmelikhuijsen and Sebastian Jilke

58 The Case of Case Study Research in Europe: Practice and Potential 1135Markus Haverland and Reinout van der Veer

59 Challenges for Large-Scale International Comparative Survey-Based Research in Public Administration 1147Koen Verhoest, Jan Wynen, Wouter Vandenabeele and Steven Van de Walle

60 Administrative Action and Administrative Behaviour: Some Philosophical Underpinnings 1169Turo Virtanen

Part V Overview and the Future of Public Administration and Management Research in Europe

61 The Contested Autonomy of Policy Advisory Bodies: The Trade-off Between Autonomy and Control of Policy Advisory Bodies in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Sweden 1189D. Bressers, M.J.W. van Twist, M.A. van der Steen and J.M. Schulz

CONTENTS xxi

62 Usable Knowledge: Discipline-Oriented Versus Problem-Oriented Social Science in Public Policy 1213Colin Talbot and Carole Talbot

63 Conclusions 1235Sandra van Thiel and Edoardo Ongaro

Post-face: The Significance of the Palgrave Handbook of Public Administration and Management in Europe for the US Public Administration Community 1243

Post-face: Latin American Public Administration’s Transformation: Lessons from the European Experience 1247

Post-face: The Significance of the Palgrave Handbook of Public Administration and Management in Europe for the Asian Public Administration and Management Community: The Pleasure of Rediscovering European Public Administration 1263

Post-face: The Significance of the Palgrave Handbook of Public Administration and Management in Europe for Australia—Learning from Europe: Developments in Australian Public Administration 1273

Index 1289

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ediTors and conTribuTors

About the Editors

Edoardo Ongaro is Professor of Public Management at the Open University, UK. Previously he has held positions at Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK and at SDA Bocconi School of Management and Bocconi University, Italy. Since September 2013 he is the President of the European Group for Public Administration (EGPA), the main learned society in Europe in the field of public management and administration. He has served in various academic and expert committees and has contributed to numer-ous international research projects. He is editor of Public Policy and Administration. He has published extensively on the topic of administra-tive reforms and comparative public management. Publications include: Philosophy and Public Administration: An Introduction (2017 Edward Elgar); Strategic Management in Public Service Organisations: Concepts, Schools and Contemporary Issues (2015 Routledge, co-authored with Ewan Ferlie); Multi-Level Governance: The Missing Linkages (editor, 2015 Emerald); and Public Management Reform and Modernization: Trajectories of Administrative Change in Italy, France, Greece, Portugal and Spain (2009 Edward Elgar). Prof. Ongaro is Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences of the United Kingdom.

Sandra van Thiel is Professor of Public Management at Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands and director of the Institute for Management Research at the Nijmegen School of Management. Her research focuses on the creation and steering of semi-autonomous agencies. She has pub-lished in journals like Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Governance and Public Management Review. Books have appeared with Palgrave MacMillan, for example a 30-country comparison of agencies

xxiv EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS

(together with Koen Verhoest, Per Laegreid and Geert Bouckaert). Sandra is editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Public Sector Management.

Contributors

Gregory J. Ashworth was educated in Geography at the Universities of Cambridge, Reading and London (Ph.D. 1974). Since 1994, he is Professor of heritage management and urban tourism in the University of Groningen (NL). His main research interests focus on the interrelations between tour-ism, heritage, and place marketing, largely in an urban context. He is author or editor of around 15 books, 100 book chapters, and 200 articles. He received honorary life membership of the Hungarian Geographical Society in 1995, an honorary doctorate from the University of Brighton in 2010, and was knighted for services to Dutch Science in 2011.

Alberto Asquer is lecturer of public policy and management at SOAS University of London, where he is director of the Centre for Financial and Management Studies. His research focuses on the regulation of infrastructure and utilities and on public sector organisational change. His studies have been published in Governance, Public Management Review, International Public Management Journal, Utilities Policy, and Water Policy. He is co-editor of The Political Economy of Local Regulation published by Palgrave MacMillan in 2016. He holds an MSc and a Ph.D. from LSE.

Tobias Bach is Associate Professor of Public Policy and Administration at the University of Oslo, Norway, and a Fellow at the Hertie School of Governance, Germany. His research focuses on the structure and organi-zation of government and executive politics in a comparative perspective, including bureaucratic autonomy, the effect of supranational integration on national administrations, career patterns of senior officials, and bureaucratic politics. He has published articles in Governance, Public Administration, Public Management Review, Administration & Society, and the International Review of Administrative Sciences, among others.

Martin Baekgaard is Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science, Aarhus University (Denmark). His current fields of research and teaching include performance management, citizen satisfaction, intergovern-mental relations, public budgeting, experimental and quantitative methods, and political knowledge. His research has been published in journals like Public Administration Research and Theory, Public Administration Review, Governance, and Public Administration.

Michael W. Bauer is Jean Monnet Professor and holds the Chair of Comparative Public Administration and Policy Analysis at the German University of Administrative Sciences in Speyer. He is interested in inter-national and multi-level public administration as well as in the comparative

EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS xxv

analysis of public policy-making. Current projects include investigating the autonomy of international bureaucracies, studying implementation conflicts in EU annulment litigation, and surveying the attitudes of subnational as well as supranational public servants to European integration.

Victor Bekkers is Professor of public administration and public policy at the Department of Public Administration and Sociology of Erasmus University Rotterdam. His main research focusses on the role of innovation and mod-ern information and communication technologies as well as new media influ-ence the content, course, and outcomes of policy and governance processes. Most recently he coordinated an EU wide, 7th framework research project on social innovation in the public sector (LIPSE).

Philippe Bezes is CNRS Research Professor (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) in the Centre d’Études européennes at Sciences Po (CEE, Paris, France). His academic interests are administrative reforms and changing bureaucracies in France and in comparative perspective, state transformations, institutional change and public policy. He is the author of Réinventer l’Etat: Les réformes de l’administration française (1962–2008) (Presses Universitaires de France, 2009) and has recently published a co-edited volume Public Administration Reforms in Europe: The View from the Top (with Steven van de Walle, Gerhard Hammerschmid, Rhys Andrews, Edward Elgar, 2016). He has also published in journals like Governance or West European Politics.

Donald Blondin is a Ph.D. candidate at Leiden University’s Political Science Institute. His research examines the management of transnational crises, with a particular focus on the European Union. Donald has also written on the governance of global challenges such as climate change, financial insta-bility, and economic development. He holds a Master of Public Policy from the Hertie School of Governance (Berlin, Germany) and a Bachelor’s degree from the University of California, Berkeley.

Arjen Boin is a Professor of Public Governance and Institutions at Leiden University’s Political Science Institute. He is also managing director at Crisisplan, an international consultancy. He writes on the challenges of strate-gic crisis management.

Robin Bouwman is a Ph.D. student of Public Administration at the Institute for Management Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands. He carries out to compare public- and private-sector negotia-tions and negotiators. His research interests include Negotiation, bargaining, decision-making and experimental research methodology.

Tony Bovaird is Emeritus Professor of Public Management and Policy at the Institute of Local Government Studies, University of Birmingham, UK and Director of the non-profit organization Governance International. His research covers strategic management of public services, performance measurement in public agencies, evaluation of public management and

xxvi EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS

governance reforms, and user and community co-production of public ser-vices. He has undertaken research for UK Research Councils, OECD, the European Commission, many UK government departments and local author-ities, Scottish and Welsh governments, LGA, Audit Commission, National Audit Office, and many other public bodies in the UK and internationally. He is on the Scientific Board of the German Research Institute for Public Administration. He is co-author (with Elke Loeffler) of Public Management and Governance (Routledge, 3rd edition 2015).

Taco Brandsen is Professor of Public Administration at Radboud University Nijmegen. His research interests include public management, co-production, the third sector and civil society. He has initiated and been part of numer-ous national and international research projects in public administration. He is currently joint editor of the journal Voluntas, one of the world’s leading journals in nonprofit and voluntary sector studies.

Gijs Jan Brandsma is Assistant Professor in European Politics and Administration at Utrecht University, the Netherlands. His research focuses on EU decision-making, accountability, delegation to the EU executive, and on multi-level governance.He has published in many journals includ-ing Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, European Union Politics, Public Administration, Journal of European Public Policy, Journal of Common Market Studies, and others. Books have appeared with Oxford University Press and Palgrave, in particular on the issue of delegation to the European Union executive. Gijs Jan co-chairs the EGPA Permanent Study Group on European and Multi-level Governance.

Daphne Bressers is a Ph.D. researcher and program manager at the Netherlands School of Public Administration. She holds a research mas-ter degree in public administration and organizational science at Utrecht University. Topics of interests and research are: strategic management, policy advice, and policy advisory systems.

Isabel Brusca is Professor in Accounting in the Department of Accounting and Finance at the University of Zaragoza. Her research and professional interest is focused on public sector accounting and management. She has par-ticipated in numerous research projects in this field and is the author of sev-eral books and papers in prestigious journals, such as International Review of Administrative Sciences or Local Government Studies. She has been a consultant of the Committee on Local and Regional Democracy (CDLR) of the Council of Europe. She has participated in the study designing the basic guidelines for the reform of the budgetary and accounting system of the European Commission. She is vice president of the Spanish Association of University Professors of Accounting and co-chair of the XII Permanent Study Group of EGPA (European Group for Public Administration).

EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS xxvii

Haldor Byrkjeflot is Professor in Sociology at University of Oslo, cur-rently academic director of one of the three major strategic priority areas at University of Oslo, UiO Nordic. Currently, he is particularly interested in exploring issues relating to historical-comparative research, organization the-ory and the making and circulation of ideas across societies. His publications cover a broad spectre of social scientific problems such as logics of employ-ment systems, comparative healthcare reforms, public sector reforms as well as the comparative study of management systems and bureaucracy.

Eugenio Caperchione is Professor of Public Management and Public Sector Accounting. His main research area is public sector accounting, and he priv-ileges the comparative approach. He has published extensively on this sub-ject, and has taken intensively in the work of CIGAR network (Comparative International Governmental Accounting Research—http://www.cigar-net-work.net), where he is serving as the Chairman of the Board; and of EGPA, European Group for Public Administration, co-chairing the XII Permanent Study Group, Public Sector Financial Management. He has been an invited speaker and has presented papers in a number of international conferences and workshops.

Tom Christensen is Professor in the Department of Political Science, University of Oslo, Norway. He is also affiliated with Uni Research Rokkan Centre, Norway, and Renmin University, China. His main research inter-ests deal with studies of central civil service and public sector reforms, both nationally and comparatively. His research is theoretically based on organization theory. He has published extensively in all the major public administration journals and has coauthored several textbooks and interna-tional edited volumes in the field. His recent volumes include The Ashgate Research Companion to New Public Management (with P. Lægreid) and The Routledge Handbook to Accountability and Welfare State Reforms in Europe (with P. Lægreid).

Sandra Cohen is an Associate Professor of Accounting in the Department of Business Administration at Athens University of Economics and Business. Her research interests lie in the fields of Public Sector Accounting (accrual accounting adoption, accounting harmonization), Management account-ing and Intellectual Capital. Her research work has been published in sev-eral ranked journals such as Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal and Financial Accountability and Management, and has been presented in numerous international conferences. She is a member of the Greek National Accounting Standards Setter and co-chair of the XII Permanent Study Group of EGPA. She is a co-author in four books in Greek and either author or co-author in numerous chapters in international books. She has participated in several consulting projects for both the private sector and the public sector mainly related to cost accounting and she has been a member of the research team in several EC founded projects.

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Daniela Cristofoli was Assistant Professor in Public Management at the Università della Svizzera Italiana. She recently moved to Università degli Studi di Milano—Bicocca. Her research interests include public network management and governance and public management reforms.

Michiel S. de Vries is Professor and Chair in Public Administration at the Radboud University Nijmegen. He is past president of IASIA, the chair of the NISPA working group on Local Government and full member of the group of independent experts on the European Charter of Local Self-government. His latest book is Understanding Public Administration (Palgrave publ, 2016). His work was published in journals, including Administration & Society, International Review of Administrative Sciences, European Journal of Political Research and Local Government Studies.

Dacian C. Dragos is Jean Monnet Professor of Administrative and European Law at the Babes Bolyai University Cluj Napoca, Romania, and director of the Center for Good Governance Studies. His research focuses on adminis-trative procedure, alternative dispute resolution in administrative law, trans-parency in administration, law and public management, public procurement law and policy. He has published in law and administrative science jour-nals. Books and chapters in books have appeared with Springer, Cambridge University Press, Bruylant, CRC Press, DJOEF, Edward Elgar, C.H. Beck Romania. He is a member of the editorial board of the European Public Procurement and PPP Law Review and a co-chair of the Group X—Law and Administration of the European Group for Public Administration.

Wolfgang Drechsler is Professor and Chair of Governance at the Ragnar Nurkse School of Innovation and Governance at Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia, and a visiting faculty member at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Marburg and an honorary doctorate from Corvinus University Budapest. Wolfgang has been a visiting professor i.e., at the Université catholique de Louvain; at the Central University of Finance and Economics Beijing; at the University of Malaya; at Zhejiang and at Gadjah Mada Universities; and at the National Institute for Development Administration Bangkok. In civil service, he has been Advisor to the President of Estonia, Executive Secretary with the German Wissenschaftsrat, and, as an APSA Congressional Fellow, Senior Legislative Analyst in the United States Congress. Wolfgang’s areas of interest include Non-Western, especially Confucian, Buddhist, and Islamic, Public Administration; PA, Technology, and Innovation; and Public Management Reform. He is a member of the management board of IASIA.

Anne Drumaux is full Professor in not-for-profit and public management at Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium. Her research lies in the interaction between public policy and strategic management.

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Paul du Gay is Professor of globalization at the Department of Organization, Copenhagen Business School and also at Royal Holloway University in London. His research interests have been and continue to be located on the cusp of sociology, politics, history and cultural studies, with a key focus on questions of organizations and identity.

Claire A. Dunlop is Professor of Politics at the Department of Politics at the University of Exeter, United Kingdom. A public policy and administra-tion scholar, Claire’s main fields of interest include the politics of expertise and knowledge utilization; epistemic communities and advisory politics; risk governance; policy learning and analysis; impact assessment; and policy nar-ratives. She explores these conceptual interests at the UK and EU levels prin-cipally, and most frequently in relation to agricultural, environmental and LGBT issues. Claire has published more than 40 peer-reviewed journal arti-cles and book chapters—most recently in Policy and Politics, Policy Sciences, International Public Management Journal, Regulation & Governance and Journal of European Public Policy. She is editor of Public Policy and Administration.

Christian Ewert is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Lausanne and a researcher at the NCCR Democracy, Zurich, Switzerland. He works on trans-national regulatory regimes and private governance. In particular, he inves-tigates the interaction within complex regulatory regimes, how regulatory resources and responsibilities are shared, and how these regimes are held accountable for their performance and output.

Ewan Ferlie is Professor of Public Services Management at King’s College London. He has published widely on questions of restructuring and large scale change in public services organizations. He is coauthor (with Edoardo Ongaro) of ‘Strategic Management in Public Services Organizations’, recently published by Routledge. He is Hon Chair of a Learned Society: the Society for the Study of Organizing in Health Care (SHOC).

Matthew Flinders is Founding Director of the Sir Bernard Crick Centre for the Public Understanding of Politics at the University of Sheffield. He is also Chair of the Political Studies Association of the United Kingdom and a mem-ber of the board of the Academy of Social Sciences.

Jolien Grandia is Assistant Professor of public administration at Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Her research focuses on the role of public procurement in public administration and its effects and determi-nants. She received her Ph.D. from the Erasmus University in Rotterdam on the role of factors and actors in the implementation of sustainable public pro-curement. Jolien has published in journals like Public Administration, Public Money & Management and The Journal of Cleaner Production. She is also the guest-editor of a special issue of the International Journal of Public Sector Management on ‘public procurement as a policy tool’.

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Carsten Greve is Professor of public management and governance at the Department of Business and Politics, Copenhagen Business School. His research focuses on public management reform and public-private partner-ships in an international perspective.

Stephan Grimmelikhuijsen is Assistant Professor at the Utrecht School of Governance (Utrecht University). His research interests include govern-ment and court transparency, citizen attitudes, legitimacy, experimental meth-ods and a behavioural approach to public administration. His work appeared in various journals, such as Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Public Administration Review and Public Administration.

Gyorgy Hajnal is Professor and Director of the Institute of Economic and Social Policy at Corvinus University, Budapest. He also holds a position of Tenured Research Chair at the Institute for Political Science, Center for Social Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (IPS CSR HAS). In addition to his academic positions, Gyorgy served as consultant to various domestic and international governmental and business entities. His current research interests extend to comparative analysis of administrative reforms and reform doctrines at central and local levels, administrative culture and PA teaching, and the structural dynamics of central government organization, with a prime focus on the Central and Eastern European region. He pub-lished articles in such journals as Public Management Review, International Journal of Public Administration, and the Journal of Public Affairs Education, and numerous book chapters in edited volumes published by renowned aca-demic publishers such as Routledge, Palgrave and Edward Elgar.

Markus Haverland holds the Chair in Political Science at the Faculty of Social Sciences of Erasmus University Rotterdam. He is also a Fellow at the Montesquieu Institute (The Hague), the European Research Centre for Economic and Financial Governance (Leiden/Delft/Rotterdam), and the Netherlands School of Government. His research and teaching interests include EU policy-making and its effect on EU member states, compara-tive politics and public policy, and research design (in particular explanatory case study designs). He has published among other journals in Journal of Common Market Studies, Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, Journal of European Social Policy, Journal of European Public Policy, Journal of Public Policy, Public Administration, Public Administration Review, and West European Politics. With Joachim Blatter he has written Designing Case Studies (Palgrave 2014). He is also a co-editor of Major Works in Qualitative Political Science, 4 Volumes, (SAGE 2016).

Eva G. Heidbreder is Professor for political science/European integration. Her research areas include the European Commission, administrative coop-eration in multi-level policy-making and civil society participation in the EU. She is currently visiting professor at the Freie Universität Berlin and on leave from the Heinrich Heine Universität in Düsseldorf. Previously, she has

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worked as visiting professor at the University Konstanz and the Humboldt Universität Berlin, as well as the Hertie School of Governance. She obtained her Ph.D. at the European University Institute in Florence and a postgradu-ate diploma at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Vienna.

Mark Hellowell is a Senior Lecturer at the University of Edinburgh, where his research focuses on the business-government relations of various kinds. He is advising many international and governmental organizations, among them the House of Commons Treasury Committee, the World Bank, the African Development Bank, OECD. He leads a University of Edinburgh col-laboration with the World Bank in which developing country policy-makers are trained in Managing Markets for Health. He is author of several publi-cations in peer review journals on different aspect of public–private partner-ships, mainly in the healthcare sector.

Cornelia Hoffmann obtained her Ph.D. title at the University of Antwerp for her research on performance management in the public sector, focussing in particular on the use of performance information. Her research project was funded by the Flemish Government in the scope of the Policy Research Centre “Governmental organization—Decisive Governance” (2012–2015), for which she also provided policy recommendations. She also worked as Consultant at the Governance Directorate of the OECD in Paris. Currently she is working as EU Liaison Manager at the Heinrich Böll Foundation e.V., where she is responsible for the worldwide supervision of EU projects.

Vincent Homburg is Associate Professor at the Department of Public Administration and Sociology at Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands. His research focuses on the antecedents and manifestations of electronic government. Vincent has published more than 80 peer-reviewed articles and chapters. Books have appeared with Palgrave MacMillan, IOS Press and Routledge.

Peter Hupe has been active in the practice and study of public administra-tion for four decades now. With Erasmus University Rotterdam as an insti-tutional basis, he had academic affiliations in London, Leuven, Oxford, and Potsdam. The major part of his research regards the theoretical-empirical study of the policy process, particularly policy implementation and street-level bureaucracy. He has published in, among others, Policy & Politics, Public Administration, and Public Management Review.

Sebastian Jilke is Assistant Professor at the school of Public Affairs and Administration (SPAA) at Rutgers University-Newark and co-director of the Center for Experimental and Behavioral Public Administration (CEBPA) at SPAA. He also co-chairs the newly established European Group for Public Administration Permanent Study Group on Behavioral Public Administration. His interests include citizen–state interactions and equality in service provi-sion, and his recent work examines how citizens and public officials respond

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to market-type mechanisms in public service delivery. He has published in various journal including the Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Public Administration Review and the European Journal of Political Research and his recent book (together with O. James & Gregg Van Ryzin) on Experiments in Public Management Research is forthcoming with Cambridge University Press.

Karen Johnston is Professor of Organisational Studies at the University of Portsmouth, UK. Her research focusses on public management and leader-ship, public governance, gender equality and representative bureaucracies. She has extensive academic and research experience having worked in leading universities in South Africa, USA and UK, and for government and civil soci-ety organisations. She has published extensively in highly ranked journals such as Public Administration; and books such as the Handbook on International Public Administration and Governance by Edward Elgar and Making and Managing Public Policy by Routledge. Prof. Johnston is executive member of a number of learned societies as such the International Research Society for Public Management and the European Group for Public Administration.

Paul Joyce is an Institute of Local Government Studies Associate at the University of Birmingham, an Affiliated Researcher in the Department of Public Management at the Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management (Université Libre de Bruxelles) and Visiting Professor at Leeds Beckett University. He is currently researching the interrelations of Strategic Management, Leadership and Public Governance in Europe and elsewhere.

Claire Kaiser is Deputy Head of Institute at the Swiss Institute for Public Management in Bern, Switzerland. She successfully completed her Ph.D. in public administration at the Center of Competence for Public Management at the University of Bern. Her research focuses on public management and local governance. She has published in journals like Public Management Review and International Journal of Public Administration.

Hussein Kassim is Professor of Politics at the University of East Anglia. His research examines EU institutions, the relationship between the EU and the member states, and EU policy in aviation and competition policy, on which subjects he has published widely. He is currently working on projects on the European Commission, the General Secretariat of the Council, national EU narratives, and EMU choices during the financial and economic crisis.

Mihalis Kavaratzis is Associate Professor of Marketing at the University of Leicester. He holds a Ph.D. on city marketing from the University of Groningen. His research focuses on the theory and application of place marketing and place branding and the study of destination marketing and destination images. Mihalis also acts as a trainer and adviser for local authorities on Place Branding. He has published extensively in geography, tourism, planning as well as marketing journals. He is co-editor of ‘Towards

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Effective Place Brand Management’ (with G.J. Ashworth, 2010) and ‘Rethinking Place Branding’ (with G. Warnaby and G.J. Ashworth, 2015).

Walter J.M. Kickert is Emeritus Professor of Public Management at the Department of Public Administration, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands. His main research interests are comparative politics and adminis-tration, public management and administrative reform, and fiscal crisis, austerity, and reforms.

Tanja Klenk is Professor of Health Studies at the University of Kassel, Germany. Her principal research interests lie in the field of the governance and administration of the welfare state and comparative social policy. Her work has been published in journals such as Administration & Society, Public Management Review, Comparative Governance and Politics. Her most recent book ‘Restructuring welfare governance’ (edited together with Emmanuele Pavolini and published with Edward Elgar), discusses the introduction and impact of marketization and managerialism in different fields of social policy in different European countries.

Eva Knies is Associate Professor of Organizational Science and Human Resource Management at the Utrecht University School of Governance (The Netherlands). Her research interests include: public value creation, public service performance, Human Resource Management in the public sector (in particular education and healthcare), and public leadership. Her research has been published in various international journals in the fields of public admin-istration, public management, and Human Resource Management.

Sabine Kuhlmann is Professor of Political Science, Administration and Organization at the University of Potsdam, Germany; Vice-President of EGPA and a member of the National Regulatory Control Council of the German Federal Government. Her main research interests include compara-tive public administration, public sector reforms, local government, and eval-uation. She has published inter alia in Public Administration Review, Public Management Review, and Public Administration. Books have appeared with Edwar Elgar, for example, an Introduction to Comparative Public Administration (together with Hellmut Wollmann). Sabine Kuhlmann is dep-uty editor of the International Review of Administrative Sciences.

Stella Ladi is a senior lecturer at Queen Mary University of London and an assistant professor at Panteion University in Athens. Her research interests include the Eurozone crisis, public policy and public administration reforms, Europeanization, global governance and the role of experts in public policy. She has published in journals such as Public Administration, West European Politics, New Political Economy, Comparative European Politics and Political Studies Review. She is a member of the executive committee of the Greek Politics Specialist Group (GPSG).

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Per Lægreid is Professor at the Department of Administration and Organization Theory, University of Bergen, Norway. He is also affiliated with Uni research Rokkan Centre, Norway. His research focus is on public sector reforms and institutional change in a comparative perspective. He has published extensively in international journals such as Public Administration, Public Administration Review, Governance and Public Management Review. His books have been published at Ashgate, Edward Elgar, PalgraveMacmillan and Routledge and the latest volumes include Organizing for Coordination in the Public Sector (with L. H. Rykkja, K. Sarapuu and T. Ramnda-Liiv), Nordic Administrative Reforms. Lessons for Public Management (with C.Greve and L.H. Rykkja) and The Routledge Handbook to Accountability and Welfare State Reforms in Europe (with T. Christensen).

François Lafarge works at Ecole nationale d’administration, and is a senior lecturer at the University of Strasbourg. He specialized in public law (French, European, comparative and transnational) and in public management. His research activities focus on the evolution of the executive function within the European Union. His recent publications cover European administrative law, executive and regulatory agencies (national and European) and administrative cooperation between Member States for the implementation of the EU law. François coordinated the permanent study group ‘Law and Administration’ of the European Group for Public Administration and is deputy editor of the Revue française d’administration publique.

Philip M. Langbroek is Professor of Justice Administration and Judicial organisation at the Utrecht School of Law, Utrecht University, the Netherlands. Trained in public administration and law, he has taught Dutch administrative law, public administration and methodology of legal research for many years and published widely on administrative law, ombudsmen and court administration, for example on Administrative Pre-Trial Proceedings, on Quality Management in Courts and on Justification Texts of court decisions. Currently, he co-chairs the EGPA study group on justice and court administration. He is a member of the editorial board of Utrecht Law Review and is managing editor of the International Journal for Court Administration. To date, he is also director of the Montaigne Centre for Judicial Administration and Conflict Resolution at Utrecht School of Law.

Peter Leisink is Pprofessor of Public Administration and Organization Science at the Utrecht University School of Governance (The Netherlands). His research interests are: management and organization of service organiza-tions, the contribution of strategic human resource management to service performance in public and non-profit organizations, leadership and motiva-tion in (public) organizations, age-related personnel policies, and changes in employment relations. His publications have appeared as book chapters and as articles in international journals in the fields of public administration, pub-lic management, human resource management and industrial relations.

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Vasilis Leontitsis is a lecturer at the European Law and Governance School of the European Public Law Organisation (EPLO). He has previously worked at the University of Sheffield and the London School of Economics (LSE). His predominant research interests lie in the spheres of the EU, European territorial politics and Greek politics. He is a member of the executive com-mittee of the Greek Politics Specialist Group (GPSG).

Joyce Liddle is a Professor of Public Leadership and Management at IMPGT, Aix-Marseille Université, France, and Honorary Chair of the UK Joint University Council. She is a Fellow of the UK Academy of Social Sciences and Regional Studies Association. Her research focuses on Regional & local governance, leadership, partnerships and entrepreneurship. She co-edits an Annual Emerald Series on International Public Management and is sole editor of Public Entrepreneurship. She regularly publishes in journals like IIAS, Local Government Studies, Regional Studies, PMR, and others. Books have appeared with Routledge and Emerald, and she is Chair of the EAB of IJPSM as well as an EAB member of five other international journals. She is lead researcher on the LocREF Cost project on Austerity in European Local Government; conducting the UK survey of all local authorities.

Elke Loeffler is the Chief Executive of the non-profit organisation Governance International and an Associate of Birmingham University. Her research and teaching focus on citizen engagement, in particular, user and community co-production of public services and outcomes, public govern-ance, open government, quality and performance management. She has pub-lished 20 articles in peer-reviewed journals and edited or co-authored more than 60 co-production case studies from 21 countries on the Governance International Good Practice Hub. Elke is an editorial board member of the International Review of Administrative Sciences, ‘der moderne staat’ and the ‘Innovation Journal’. Elke is also the co-editor (with Tony Bovaird) of the third edition of the textbook ‘Public Management and Governance’. In 2012 she was appointed to the Advisory Board of the Public Leaders Network of the Guardian to represent academia/thinktanks. She is a graduate in econom-ics and political science from the University of Tübingen and Washington University St. Louis and holds a Ph.D. in public management from the German University of Administrative Sciences in Speyer.

Michael Macaulay is the Director of the Institute for Governance and Policy Studies (School of Government) at the School of Government, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. His research interests are ethics, integrity, governance and anti-corruption. He is currently a Visiting Professor at the Universities of Sunderland (UK) and York St John (UK) and is a for-mer Visiting Professor at the University of Johannesburg (South Africa). He is Associate Managing Editor for Public Integrity and was previously an edi-tor for International Journal of Public Administration. He is co-chair of the European Group for Public Administration (EGPA) permanent study group on ethics and integrity.

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Muiris MacCarthaigh is lecturer in Politics and Public Administration at Queen’s University Belfast. His current research interests relate to the politics and practice of state retrenchment and administrative reform, with a particu-lar focus on the Irish case. He also has ongoing interests in the study of state agencies, political-administrative relationships, accountability studies and vari-ous other aspects of public sector governance. His recent work has appeared in Public Administration, Public Administration Review, Governance and the Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis.

Martino Maggetti is Associate Professor of political science at the Institute of Political, Historical and International Studies (IEPHI) of the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. His current research interests mainly focus on regu-latory agencies and networks, policy dynamics, multi-level policy-making, and transnational private governance. His research articles have appeared in several top journals, including: Business & Society, European Journal of Political Research, European Political Science Review, International Review of Administrative Sciences, Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, Journal of European Public Policy, Journal of Public Policy, Political Research Quarterly, Public Administration, Regulation & Governance, Swiss Political Science Review, and West European Politics. His latest book is Comparative Politics: Theoretical and Methodological Challenges (Edward Elgar 2015, co-edited with Dietmar Braun).

Myrna P. Mandell’s work includes articles, books and chapters on a number of different facets of networks, including: how to organize and manage net-works, performance measures for networks, and the use of language and lead-ership in networks. Recently she co-edited a book on building the foundation for developing new theories of networks that was published in 2014.

Francesca Manes Rossi is Associate Professor of Accounting at Salerno University, where she teaches and conducts research on accounting and audit-ing. She has also trained government officials in Italy and has been active in providing consulting services to public sector entities. Her research interests regard performance measurement in local government and cultural organi-zations, intellectual capital, sustainability and integrated reporting, audit-ing and accounting standards both in the private and public sectors. She has participated in the study designing the basic guidelines for the reform of the budgetary and accounting system of the European Commission. She has developed special skills in the field of IAS/IFRS and IPSASs and is co-chair of the XII Permanent Study Group of EGPA.

Andrew Massey is Professor of Politics at the University of Exeter. He has researched and published widely in the field of comparative public policy and public administration. He is the editor in chief of the International Review of Administrative Sciences and also the journal Public Money & Management.

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Ellen Mastenbroek is Professor of European Public Policy at the Department of Public Administration and Political Science at Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands and visiting professor at the Department of Political Science at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Her main research interests are the Europeanization of national governments, EU compliance and ex-post evaluation of EU legislation. She has published various articles on these topics, in journals such as Public Administration, Regulation and Governance, Journal of Common Market Studies and Journal of European Public Policy. She is co-chair of the EGPA Permanent Study Group on EU Administration and Multi-level Governance. She also chairs EUROPAL, a multidisciplinary research group on Europeanization of Policy and Law based at Radboud University.

Leanne-Marie McCarthy-Cotter is a Research Fellow in the Sir Bernard Crick Centre for the Public Understanding of Politics at the University of Sheffield. She received her Ph.D. from Cardiff University in 2015.

Valentina Mele is Associate Professor at the Department of policy analysis and public management, Bocconi University. Her research interests include innovation in public organizations, public sector reforms and managerial challenges faced by international organizations. She has published in journals such as Public Administration, Governance, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory and the Academy of Management Journal. She has recently joined the Journal of Public Policy as field editor (Governance and Qualitative methods). She holds an MPA from Columbia and a Ph.D. from LSE.

Marco Meneguzzo is Professor of Public administration and management at the Department of Business, Government and Philosophy at the University of Rome Tor Vergata and Professor of Public and non-profit management at the Università della Svizzera Italiana. His research interests focus on the public sector and include new public management and governance, and public–pri-vate partnerships.

Astrid Molenveld is postdoctoral researcher at the Department of Public Administration of the Erasmus University Rotterdam, and University of Antwerp. Astrid obtained her Ph.D. in social and political science in June 2016. In the thesis, she studied the determinants explaining coordination and ‘organisational adaptation’ of cross-cutting policy programs. She has a particular interest in applying multiple research-methods in her work, like Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), Q-methodology and statistics. Her current research activities include comparative research on coordination of cross-cutting (i.e. ‘wicked’) policy issues and community self-organization.

Anamarija Musa is an Assistant Professor and senior research associate at the Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb, Croatia. Her research focuses on trans-parency and e-government, public sector organisations, especially agencies,

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the Europeanisation in Central and Eastern Europe, and local governance. Her recent publication includes the monography on agency model of public administration (Agencijski model javne uprave, 2014, in Croatian). She currently serves as the Information Commissioner in Croatia, in charge for the protection of the right on access to information and open data.

Juraj Nemec is Professor of Public Management at Masaryk University in Brno, Czech Republic and at Matej Bel University in Banska Bystrica, Slovakia. His current research focuses on the relevance of New Public Management instruments in the public sector today (in transitional con-ditions). He has published about 30 articles in different ‘impact’ journals like Public Management Review or International Review of Administrative Sciences, many books and book chapters—in total more than 400 scientific publications. He is editor-in-chief of the Journal of Public Administration and Policy and member of editorial boards of more than 20 journals.

Oliver Neumann is a postdoctoral researcher in the Institute of Information Systems and the KPM Center for Public Management at the University of Bern, Switzerland. His interests include employee motivation, person–job fit, e-government, and open government. He holds a Ph.D. in business adminis-tration and management from the University of Bern. Previously, he studied at the Universities of Mannheim and Konstanz in Germany, and at York University in Toronto, Canada.

Asmus Leth Olsen is Associate Professor at the University of Copenhagen, Department of Political Science. His research is focused on the areas of behavioural public administration, performance management, and experimen-tal public administration. His current research focuses on the effects of per-formance information on citizens and the role of dishonesty for selection into public sector employment. His work has appeared in journals like Judgment and Decision Making, Political Behavior, and Public Administration Review. He is the winner of 2015 Herbert Kaufman Award for the best public administration paper presented at the American Political Science Association Meeting.

Salvador Parrado teaches at the Spanish Distance Learning University, Madrid and is Faculty Associate at the Hertie School of Governance (Berlin) and the Istanbul Policy Center (Sabancı University). He has widely published on public management, private–public partnerships, the civil service and exec-utive politics. He is associate editor of the journal Public Administration.

Martial Pasquier studied at the Universities of Fribourg, Berne, and Berkeley. He became a full Professor of Public Management and Marketing in 2003 at the Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration (IDHEAP), University of Lausanne. He is visiting Professor at the Universities of Strasbourg, Nancy II, Paris II and Aix-Marseille. He is Director of the Swiss Public Administration Network (since 2008) which involves the universities

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of Lausanne, Berne, and Lugano. He is Vice-rector of the University of Lausanne. His research focuses on transparency, public communication, and public agency management.

Valérie Pattyn is Assistant Professor at the Institute of Public Administration at Leiden University, the Netherlands. Her main areas of expertise are policy evaluation, evidence-based policy, and policy advice. She combines research on the institutionalization of policy evaluation and evaluation capacity build-ing with applied evaluation studies in various policy fields. In addition, she is involved in research projects about policy advice production and knowl-edge utilisation within and outside the civil service. Valérie is co-chair of the EGPA Permanent Study Group on Policy Design and Evaluation, mem-ber of the coordination committee of the Flemish Evaluation Association and of the Dutch Evaluation Society. She has published in journals such as Evaluation, Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, International Review of Administrative Sciences, Public Management Review, and Policy and Society.

Jon Pierre is Professor of Political Science at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden and Professor of Public Governance, Melbourne School of Government, University of Melbourne. He is also adjunct Professor at the University of Pittsburgh. He has published extensively on governance, urban politics, and public administration. His most recent books in English include Governing the Embedded State (Oxford University Press, 2015, with Bengt Jacobsson and Göran Sundström); The Relevance of Political Science (co-ed with Gerry Stoker and B. Guy Peters) (Palgrave, 2015); (ed) The Oxford Handbook of Swedish Politics (Oxford University Press, 2015); and Comparative Governance (Cambridge University Press, 2017, with B. Guy Peters).

Sebastiaan Princen is Professor of Governance and Policymaking in the European Union at Utrecht University’s School of Governance. His research focuses on policy-making processes in the European Union (EU). He has published extensively on agenda-setting processes in the EU, including the monograph Agenda-setting in the European Union, which appeared with Palgrave in 2009. Together with Herman Lelieveldt, he is a co-author of the widely used textbook The Politics of the European Union, which is published by Cambridge University Press.

Claudio M. Radaelli is Professor of Political Science, Jean Monnet Chair in Political Economy and Director of the Centre for European Governance at the University of Exeter, UK. A comparative policy analyst, Claudio has published 80 articles and written or edited 17 books and special issues of academic journals. His main fields of specialization include the theory of policy learning, Europeanization, the role of economics in public policy, and regulation. In 2016, Claudio was awarded a European Research Council advanced grant on Procedural Tools for Effective Governance (Protego). In the same year, he edited with Claire Dunlop the Handbook of Regulatory Impact Assessment (Elgar).

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Tiina Randma-Liiv is Professor and Chair of Public Management and Policy at Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia, where she currently also serves as Vice Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Member of the University Council. Her research interests include the impact of fiscal crisis on public administration, public sector structure, civil service reforms, policy transfer and small states.

Christoph Reichard is Emeritus Professor of Public Management at the University of Potsdam, Germany. His main fields of research include public management reforms, organisation of public service delivery, state-owned enterprises, performance management, public financial management and public personnel management. He published about 280 books and arti-cles. For many years he was chairing the European Association of Public Administration Accreditation (EAPAA) and co-chairing the EGPA-study group on Public Administration and Teaching.

Lukas Reichmuth is a scientific collaborator and researcher at the Swiss Institute for Public Management in Bern and a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Lausanne. His research focuses on the role of consulting at the local level.

Sandra L. Resodihardjo is Assistant Professor in Public Administration at the Institute for Management Research, Radboud University, the Netherlands. Her research focuses on crisis management, security and safety issues, and framing. She currently studies blame games following crises, the concept of safety in the Netherlands, and the use of resilience in for-mal emergency networks. She published in, amongst others, the Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, European Journal of Policing Studies, Punishment & Society, West European Politics, and Public Administration. She also published a monograph titled Crisis and Change in the British and Dutch Prison Services. Understanding Crisis-Reform Processes (Ashgate/Routledge, 2009) and in edited volumes, including The Globalization of Supermax Prisons (Rutgers University Press, 2013).

Adrian Ritz is Professor for Public Management and a member of the exec-utive board of the KPM Center for Public Management at the University of Bern in Switzerland where he teaches at the Faculty of Social Sciences and at the Faculty of Law. His main research areas are in the field of public man-agement, leadership, motivation and human resources management, adminis-trative reforms, evaluation and performance management. Adrian Ritz is the chairman of the scientific commission for public management of the German Academic Association for Business Research (VHB, 2016–2018).

Christian Rosser is a political scientist specialized in administrative theory and the modern history of administrative ideas as well as public policy and evaluation. He is senior research fellow and lecturer at the Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration (IDHEAP), University of Lausanne.

EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS xli

Prior to this position, he held a deputy professorship at the University of Konstanz and was research fellow at the Center of Excellence ‘Cultural Foundations of Social Integration’, Institute for Advanced Study at the University of Konstanz. His work on this chapter was funded in part by this Center of Excellence. Rosser’s publication outlets include Public Administration Review, Public Administration, The American Review of Public Administration, Administration & Society, and Administrative Theory and Praxis, among others. In 2010, he won the Marshall Dimock Award for the best lead article in Public Administration Review during the volume year 2009—with a contribution to Hegel, Wilson, and Weber’s theories of bureaucracy.

Eva Ruffing is acting professor of Politics in Multi-level Systems at the University of Hamburg, and a private lecturer at the University of Hannover, Germany. Her research topics are in particular the interplay between European and national administrations, focusing on agency autonomy, policy influence and structural adaptation, and public participation in administra-tive decision-making (also in a multi-level perspective). She has published in the Journal of European Public Policy, Public Administration, Governance, Public Policy and Administration, and Global Environmental Politics, among others.

Harald Sætren is Professor emeritus in Administration and Organization Theory at the University of Bergen, Norway. His research in recent years has focused on several crucially interlinked stages of the public policy-making process, such as agenda-setting, policy formulation/design and implemen-tation. He has published in journals like Administration & Society, Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, Policy Science, Policy Studies Journal and Public Policy and Administration.

Iris Saliterer is a Professor of Public and Nonprofit Management at Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Germany, and Adjunct Professor at Alpen-Adria University Klagenfurt, Austria. In the academic year 2016–2017, she held the Austrian Joseph A. Schumpeter Fellowship at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University, Cambridge, US. Her research focus is on public sector budgeting and accounting, performance manage-ment, and public innovation, and she led several large-scale research pro-jects in these areas. She pursues an integrative publication strategy and has published both in international academic journals like Public Management Review, International Review of Administrative Sciences and practice-oriented journals and handbooks.

Eckhard Schröter is Professor of Public Administration at Zeppelin University (Friedrichshafen, Germany) where he also serves as Academic Head of Programs in ‘Politics, Administration and International Relations’. Before joining the newly established Department of Public Management & Governance at Zeppelin University, he had taught at Humboldt University

xlii EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS

Berlin and at the University of California at Berkeley. His major research interests are in comparative public sector reform, administrative culture, met-ropolitan governance, and representative bureaucracy. His recent book publi-cations include Representative Bureaucracy in Action (2013) and The Politics of Representative Bureaucracy (2015) (both edited with B. Guy Peters and Patrick von Maravic).

Martin Schulz holds a Ph.D. in public administration. He is a co-dean and vice-director of the think tank of the Netherlands School of Public Administration. He is an associate dean of the Netherlands School of Public Administration and vice-director of its think tank. Topics of interest and research are: ad hoc commissions, advisory councils, advisory systems and management of complex projects.

Mariafrancesca Sicilia is Associate Professor at Bergamo University in Italy and Visiting Fellow in the Department of Public Leadership and Social Enterprise (PuLSE) at The Open University in UK. Her research covers pub-lic sector budgeting, accounting, accountability, performance measurement and management and models of public services delivery, such as coproduction of public services. She has carried out research for Italian central government departments, local governments and other public bodies. She is manag-ing editor of Azienda Pubblica (a leading Italian language public manage-ment journal). She has published in journals such as Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Public Administration, Public Administration Review, Public Management Review, Public Money and Management.

Dimitri A. Sotiropoulos is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Athens and Research Associate of ELIAMEP (Athens) and the Hellenic Observatory of the London School of Economics (LSE). He has studied law, sociology and political science at the University of Athens, the LSE and Yale University. His publications include : Is Southern Europe Doomed to Instability?, co-edited with Thanos Veremis, London: Frank Cass, 2002; and The State and Democracy in the New Southern Europe, co-edited with Richard Gunther and P. Nikiforos Diamandouros, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Ileana Steccolini is Professor of Accounting and Finance at Newcastle University London Campus. She is an Adjunct Professor at RMIT, Melbourne and a Fellow, Queen’s Centre for Not-for-profit Research, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK. She has published on public sector account-ing and accountability, reforms and change in such journals as Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Critical Perspectives on Accounting, Financial Accountability and Management, Management Accounting Research, Public Administration, Public Administration Review. She is the founder of the Accounting and Accountability Special Interest Group within IRSPM and a member of the editorial board of Financial Accountability

EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS xliii

and Management, the Journal of Qualitative Research in Accounting and Management, the Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management, Accounting, Auditing, and Accountability Journal, Public Administration Review.

Reto Steiner is Dean and Managing Director at ZHAW School of Management and Law, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (Switerland). Previously he held positions at the Swiss Institute for Public Management in Bern and at the Free University of Bozen (Italy). His main areas of research and teaching include organizational design and change, local and regional governance, public corporate governance, and public management. Before his current appointment, Reto Steiner was a professor at the Center of Competence for Public Management at the University of Bern and a Research Fellow at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore (NUS) and at the Department of Politics and Public Administration at the University of Hong Kong.

Carole Talbot is lecturer in Public Policy and Management at Alliance Manchester Business School. She has published on issues of Collaborative Working, Structural Change, and Mergers and more recently on Academic—Policy Maker relations.

Colin Talbot is Emeritus Professor at the University of Cambridge. He has published on a wide range of public management issues and including books on Theories of Performance (2010), Unbundled Government (2004) and Agencies: how governments do things through semi-autonomous organiza-tions (2004). He has also worked with the OECD and World Bank and pro-vided expertise to several UK parliamentary committees.

Piret Tõnurist is a Research Fellow at the Ragnar Nurkse School of Innovation and Governance, Tallinn University of Technology (Estonia) and a Policy Analyst at the OECD, Observatory of Public Sector Innovation. Her current fields of research include public sector innovation, state owned enter-prises, energy innovation systems, systems/design thinking and behavioral insights in public policy. She has published in journals such as Technovation, Science and Public Policy, Voluntas, and International Journal of Public Administration.

Lars Tummers is Associate Professor at Utrecht University, School of Governance and associate editor of Public Administration Review. His research interests are public management, leadership, and citizen–state interactions. When researching such topics, he often combines insights from psychology and public administration (Behavioral Public Administration). He has published in various journal including the Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Public Administration Review and Public Administration. He obtained various grants and awards, such as a EU Marie Curie Grant (carried out at the University of California, Berkeley), an NWO VENI and the Erasmus University Research Prize for research excellence.

xliv EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS

Steven Van de Walle is Professor of Public Management at the Public Governance Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium. His research focuses on public sector reform and public service encounters. He has published in journals like Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Public Administration review or Public Administration. His two most recent books are ‘Public Administration Reforms in Europe: The View from the Top’ (2016, Edward Elgar, ed., with Hammerschmid, Andrews, and Bezes), and ‘Theory and Practice of Public Sector Reform’ (2016, Routledge, ed. with Groeneveld).

Martijn van der Steen is a Professor of public administration at Erasmus University Rotterdam. He is also co-dean, director of the think tank and vice-director of the Netherlands School of Public Administration. Topics of interest and research are: strategic management, future studies, management of complex systems and network governance. He has published articles in journals such as Public Administration, Policy & Politics, Review of Public Personnel Administration, Teaching Public Administration, International Journal of Public Administration, Public Policy & Administration, International Review of Administrative Science, Foresight, International Journal of Auditing, Administration & Society, and published chapters in sev-eral edited books.

Reinout van der Veer is a Ph.D. candidate at Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. His research focuses on the interaction between the politicisation of the European Union and the behavior of EU executives, specifically in the area of European economic governance. In 2016 he was awarded with a research talent grant by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO).

Wouter Van Dooren is Associate Professor of Public Administration at University of Antwerp and lecturer at the Antwerp Management School, Belgium. Before, he was postdoctoral fellow at the Flemish Research Foundation at the KULeuven and seconded expert at the Governance Directorate of the OECD in Paris. His research focusses on performance management and performance measurement in the public sector. He also studies related issues such as accountability and Public–Private Partnerships. His book ‘Performance Management in the Public Sector’ (Routledge, with Geert Bouckaert and John Halligan) is broadly used to introduce students and professionals in the subject of performance management.

Mark van Twist is Professor of public administration at Erasmus University Rotterdam. He is also dean and member of the board of the Netherlands School of Public Administration and academic director internal audit & advi-sory at the Erasmus School of Accounting & Assurance. Topics of interest and research are: strategic management, public–private partnership, managing complex projects and network governance.

EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS xlv

Stijn van Voorst is a Ph.D. candidate at Tilburg University and Radboud University, the Netherlands. He works on a four-year project about ex-post legislative evaluation in the EU and has published in the journals such as European Journal of Risk Regulation, International Review of Administrative Sciences and Journal of European Public Policy.

Wouter Vandenabeele is an Associate Professor at the Utrecht University School of Governance, the Netherlands, and a Visiting Professor at the Public Governance Institute at KU Leuven University, Belgium. His research inter-ests focus on the role of people within public organizations and in particular on the motivation of public servants. His work on public service motivation appeared in, among others, major journals as Public Administration, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Public Administration Review, Public Management Review and Review of Public Personnel Administration. He also co-edited several symposia and special issues on the topic in various academic journals.

Veronica Vecchi is Professor of Business Government Relations and Public Management at Bocconi University School of Management (SDA Bocconi). She is director of executive education at MISB Bocconi, the Bocconi campus in India. She coordinates Bocconi Monitor on PPPs and the SDA Bocconi Lab for Impact Investment. She is PPP key expert within the Investments Evaluation Board of Italian Healthcare Ministry and she is advisor to IADB, OECD, World Bank and many Italian National, Regional and Local Authorities in the PPP field. She is author of several peer review papers on PPPs and many books, for the domestic and international audience.

Koen Verhoest is research professor (ZAPBOF) in Public Administration at the Department of Political Science (Research Group on Public Administration and Management), University of Antwerp and is affiliated to the Public Governance Institute (KU Leuven). His main research interest is on the organizational aspects of public tasks and their governance and regu-lation in multi-level and multi-actor contexts, including the autonomy, con-trol and coordination of agencies and the governance of partnerships. He has published extensively in international journals on organization and regulation of public services in e.g. Regulation & Governance, Organization Studies, Governance, International Public Management Journal, International Review of Administrative Sciences, Public Management Review, Policy Studies, and Public Administration and Development. Widely sold books include ‘Autonomy and control of state agencies’; ‘The coordination of public sec-tor organizations’, and ‘Government agencies: Practices and lessons from 30 countries’ (all with co-authors published by Palgrave).

Turo Virtanen is adjunct Professor at the University of Helsinki. He has worked as a professor of political science, administration and organisation studies at University of Helsinki for about 20 years until 2010. His research

xlvi EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS

interests have spanned management and leadership of universities, knowledge management, human resource management, theory of policy implementation, international civil service, theory of social action and power, organizational and leadership culture, and public management. Turo has undertaken numerous external services as a member or chair of many panels assessing the quality of academic research, accrediting study programmes, reviewing institutions and assessing quality assurance systems in Finland and many European countries.

William Voorberg is a Ph.D. candidate at the Department of Public Administration of the Erasmus University Rotterdam. His current research interests lie with the effects and outcomes of co-creation between citizens and public organizations. Previous research interests were focused on fraud combat in social security and collaboration between client and professional in youth care.

Fabio Wasserfallen is Assistant Professor of Political Economy at the University of Salzburg, Austria. He received his Ph.D. from the Department of Political Science at the University of Zurich, Switzerland. In the aca-demic year 2014–15, he was in residence at Princeton University as one of six selected international early-career scholars of the Fung Global Fellows Program. Among others, his research focuses on European integration, pol-icy diffusion, federalism, and direct democracy and has been published or is forthcoming in journals such as the American Political Science Review, the American Journal of Political Science, the British Journal of Political Science and the European Journal of Political Research.

Ellen Wayenberg is Professor at the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University (Belgium). She specializes in public policy and public administration with a specific interest for public policy, multi-level governance (MLG), intergovernmental relations (IGR) and local gov-ernment. Over the last years, Ellen has published in various international journals including the International Review of Administrative Sciences, Local Government Studies, Urban Research and Practice and she has co-edited books on Policy, Performance and Management in Governance and Intergovernmental Relations (2011) and Governance and Intergovernmental Relations in the European Union and the United States, Theoretical Perspectives (2010). Ellen is one of the co-chairs of the EGPA Study Group on Regional and Local Government, and is actively involved in COST Action IS1207: Local Public Sector Reforms: An International Comparison.

Hellmut Wollmann is emeritus professor of public administration at Humboldt Universität Berlin, Germany. His research has been on compara-tive (local) government and administration with a recent focus on public and social services provision. Books have been published by Edward Elgar, Rowman & Littlefield and Palgrave MacMillan, for instance, Introduction to Comparative Public Administration, 2014 (co-authored with Sabine

EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS xlvii

Kuhlmann); Evaluation in Public Sector Reform, 2003; Governing After Communism 2006 (co-authored with V. Dimitrov and K. Goetz); Public and Social Services in Europe: from public and municipal to private sector provision, 2016 (coedited with Ivan Kopric and Gérard Marcou).

Jan Wynen is a postdoctoral researcher funded by FWO at both the KU Leuven Public Governance Institute and the Research Group on Public Administration & Management of the University of Antwerp, Belgium. He holds a Ph.D. in Social Sciences (KU Leuven) and two master degrees in eco-nomics. His main research interests are econometrics and public sector man-agement.

xlix

lisT oF Figures

Fig. 6.1 Multiplicity of theories 135Fig. 10.1 Trade-off between accountability and learning

(Hoffmann 2016) 220Fig. 13.1 Typology of motivations 266Fig. 15.1 Public network evolution of the European and American

community. Elaboration on our own data 302Fig. 16.1 Typology of collaborative governance 317Fig. 19.1 Procurement process. Adapted version of the procurement

process model by Van Weele (2005, p. 13) 365Fig. 20.1 PPP contracts, funding schemes, and services delivered

(Authors contribution) 385Fig. 21.1 The ladder of participation 405Fig. 21.2 The co-production star 409Fig. 23.1 Types of communications (adapted from Pasquier

and Villeneuve 2012, 159) 448Fig. 25.1 Underlying analytic framework 477Fig. 25.2 Consulting market in Europe and the public share

1998–2010 482Fig. 25.3 Share of total market for consulting earned in public

sector 1998–2008 (selected countries) 483Matrix 26.1 Zero-sum negotiation 501Fig. 26.1 Zone of potential agreement 502Matrix 26.2 Variable sum negotiation setting 503Chart 29.1 Articles published each year with title words implementation

or implementing inside and outside sampled core field journals. Total N = 752 and 5618, respectively 555

Chart 29.2 All sampled core field articles, i.e. with title words implementation or implementing by absolute numbers published each year. Total N = 752 560

Chart 29.3 All sampled articles by region of origin/focus and year of publication. Absolute numbers. (N) = 752 568

l LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 31.1 Conceptualising modes of policy learning 598Fig. 35.1 Factors influencing the blame game process 681Fig. 42.1 The EU policy cycle 807Fig. 44.1 Western European countries scaled according to Page’s

regulation variable (1991) 843Fig. 44.2 Types of Local Government Reform I—Bouckaert

and Kuhlmann Typology (2016) 848Fig. 47.1 The ambivalent impact of fiscal crisis on public

administration reforms 911Fig. 52.1 Majority-Muslim countries in Europe

(and Bosnia–Herzegovina) 2016 1032Fig. 53.1 Three different clusters of PA—Relative dominance

of legal, business or political science traditions in Europe. (Adapted from: Hajnal 2003 and Schneider 2004.) 1053

Fig. 53.2 The PA triangle 1054Fig. 57.1 “Behavioral Public Administration” in Public

Administration, Public Administration Review and Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory (1996–2015) 1126

Fig. 59.1 Survey lifecycle from a quality perspective 1155Fig. 62.1 Estimate of the numbers employed in professional

social inquiry in the UK 1217Fig. 62.2 Knowledge-driven research use (DOSS) 1220Fig. 62.3 Problem-driven research use 1225Fig. 62.4 Continuum of discipline focus 1227Fig. 62.5 Actors in the policymaking process 1230

li

lisT oF Tables

Table 3.1 Ideal-typical cases on the spectrum of public sector training systems 53

Table 6.1 Culture clusters: future orientation and uncertainty avoidance 125Table 6.2 Culture clusters: future orientation and uncertainty avoidance 126Table 7.1 Budgeting and accounting in European central governments 147Table 7.2 Evolutions in public budgeting 155Table 8.1 Diversity of the accounting basis used in European countries 169Table 8.2 Criteria used for budgetary systems 172Table 8.3 Auditing of budgetary and financial reporting 178Table 9.1 Parliamentary democracies and their characteristics 189Table 10.1 The assumptions of indicator-based governance 214Table 15.1 Public network articles published from 1979 to 2011 298Table 15.2 Sample description and article characteristics 299Table 15.3 Geographical distribution of public network articles

(elaboration on our own data) 300Table 15.4 European and American authored articles—main characteristics 301Table 18.1 Explanatory variables in e-government diffusion 353Table 18.2 Types of electronically mediated front office interactions

between government and society 353Table 19.1 Thresholds for European procurement in 2016 369Table 19.2 Commission estimates for the value of tenders

(in billion euro) published in the TED in 2011 369Table 20.1 The components of the termination fee, derived

from Foundation Trust estimates as of April 2013 392Table 21.1 Forms of public engagement 406Table 25.1 Share of total market for consulting earned in public

sector 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014 (selected countries) 483Table 25.2 Share of total market for consulting earned in

public sector 2002–2005 (HU, SI, RO) 484Table 26.1 Public sector context, individual characteristics,

and negotiations 509

lii LIST OF TABLES

Table 29.1 Type of data in core journal articles by time period published 558Table 29.2 Level of analysis in core journal articles by time periods 558Table 29.3 Core journal articles by regional focus/origin

and time period published 559Table 29.4 Core journal articles by most frequently type of policy

studied and time period published 559Table 29.5 Core journal articles by region of focus/origin

and research methodologies 568Table 29.6 Core journal articles by regional focus/origin

and research methodologies before and after the mid-1990s 569Table 29.7 Articles by type of core field journal published

in and time period 570Table 30.1 Six indicators for evaluation culture and capacity 582Table 30.2 Present-day evaluation culture and capacity in the UK,

Flanders, and EU 589Table 31.1 Organizational capacity types 600Table 31.2 Policy learning and capacity 600Table 33.1 Creation of IRA in selected policy fields 640Table 35.1 A ‘blame barometer’ used for coding daily media stories 676Table 35.2 Some basic strategic options for officeholders facing

media firestorms: Denial and admission of problem and responsibility 677

Table 37.1 Overview countries 709Table 37.2 Overview selected cases 717Table 37.3 Summary of findings 721Table 38.1 Logics of welfare state governance 731Table 38.2 Varieties of market governance 735Table 44.1 Core-features of local government systems

(selected countries) 845Table 44.2 Types of local government reform II—Garcea

and LeSage—typology (2005) 849Table 45.1 Corruption perception index: Selected CEE-countries 873Table 46.1 Public employment as share of total labour force

(% of labour force) 883Table 46.2 Compensation of public employees as share of total

government expenditure (% of total government expenditure) 884Table 47.1 Classification of consolidation measures 903Table 47.2 Characteristics of decision-making 905Table 47.3 Stages of cutback decision-making 906Table 56.1 The appearance of economic theories in US

and European PA studies 1113Table 58.1 Types of case studies by year 1139Table 58.2 Country-focus of case studies by year 1141Table 58.3 Country-focus of case studies by journal 1141Table 58.4 Type of case study by country-focus 1141Table 58.5 Case studies conducted in Anglo-Saxon countries 1142Table 61.1 Location of advice and degree of government influence 1193

LIST OF TABLES liii

Table 61.2 Features of policy advisory systems, policy advisory bodies, and interactions between policy makers and policy advisory bodies 1195

Table 61.3 Legal autonomy and control 1200Table 61.4 Organizational autonomy and control 1203Table 61.5 Economic autonomy and control 1205Table 62.1 Comparing key characteristics of DOSS and POSS 1224Table 62.2 Differentiating policy areas in relation to the necessity

for interdisciplinarity 1228Table 62.3 Most accessed & used social science disciplines—core

vs intermediate (SCS respondents) 1231Table P3.1 Outside and inside bureaucracy 1267Table P3.2 Government competitiveness rankings 1268