The New World

Chapter 3 Sections 1-4

Reaching the New World Sec. 1

• The Crusades• Western European Catholics attempt to take

back the holy land from the Muslims.• They are unsuccessful, but they travel and

become aware of new things- Silk, Sugar, Pepper, Rice, etc

• These discoveries create a market for new products.

New Technology

• Magnetic Compass• Arab sailors gave the Italians the compass that

always points North.• Astrolabe• Measures star positions to identify locations• Together these make the routes used more

exact.

Portugal

• 15th Century (1400’s) Prince Henry “The Navigator” encourages and funds exploration.

• Founds schools to train sailors.• Portugal will sail around Africa to reach India.• Caravel- The ship is able to sail into the wind

using a triangle shaped sail and a new rudder.

Trade with Africa (GOLD COAST)

• Western Africa- Trade with Ghana, Mali, Songhai, and Kanem-Borno

• Traded for Gold, Ivory, Teak, and slaves.• Eastern Africa- Traded primarily gold.

The Spanish in America Sec. 2

• Conquistadors- Spanish explores and conquerors of America.

• Aztecs and Incas• Rumors of golden cities in Mexico led to exploration.• 1518- The Spanish are spotted by Montezuma and the

Aztecs.• The Aztecs invite the Spanish into Tenochtitlan. (Bad Move)• Hernan Cortes and the Spanish see all of the gold in the

city. • They kidnap Montezuma

Aztecs and Incas Cont.

• The Spanish hold Montezuma for ransom.• 1519 The Aztecs attack the Spanish.• The Aztecs win, but the Spanish return and

destroy Tenochtitlan.• Incas• Francisco Pizarro attack the Incas in 1535.

Kills Atahualpa and conquers the empire.

WHY?

• GOLD-Wealth • GOD- Claim land for Catholic countries• FAME- Ego, the chance to be famous• How did they succeed?• Iron- Armor and Swords• Gun Powder- Explosives• Horses- Mobility• Diseases- Chicken Pox and Measles, no antibodies or

vaccines.

Spanish Settlements

• Florida to California • 1513 Ponce de Leon- Fountain of Youth in

Florida• 1539 Hernando de Soto-7 cities of gold on the

Mississippi River• 1540 Francisco Coronado- 7 cities of gold in

Arizona and California

Spanish Government in the New World.

• Establish 3 kinds of settlements.1. PueblosSmall farming and trading townsHad a town square central meetingChurch.2. PresidiosLarge adobe forts, housed the military, artillery,and horses.3. MissionsReligious settlements run by catholic priests, goal was to convert natives.

Spanish Class Systems

1.Peninsulares- Gov’t officials, native to Spain, highest class, best jobs, and nicest possessions.

2.Creoles- People born in the new world to Spanish parents, same life as a peninsulares except they cannot be in the gov’t

3. Mestizoes- Born to Spanish and Mexican parents. Lowest level, farm workers, and city workers.

The Encomienda

• Spanish conquistadors were given land and labor rights in the new world.

• Used natives as laborers (slaves) • Very similar to a plantation.• The Indians were not good workers. They

were not used to it and many died.• Begin importing African Slaves.

Search For a New Passage Sec. 3

• Northwest Passage- Europe is trying to find an all water route through the new world to the East.

• John Cabot- 1497 Thought he was in Asia, actually it was Canada.

• Giovanni Verrazanno- 1524 sails along the East coast of the USA

• Jacques Cartier- 1530’s sails the St. Lawrence river to the Atlantic Ocean.

• Henry Hudson- 1609 maps the Hudson river.

Religion in the New World

• Most religious activities in the new world were performed by Catholics

• Protestant Reformation • 1517 a division in the Catholic Church in

Europe causes rivalries in the New World. Who gets to convert the natives.

• Now we are worried about their souls.

New France

• Not interested in GOLD• They are primarily interested in the fishing of

the Atlantic coast.• They are respectful of the Natives, and trade

with them.• They also begin trapping animals and

exporting their fur.• Coureurs de Bois- Runners of the woods.

New France Cont.

• Samuel de Champlain- est. New France in Nova Scotia.

• 1st city is Quebec• Mapping the Mississippi• Fr. Marquette and Louis Joliet• Attempt to map the mouth to the delta of the

Miss. River. Made it 700 miles then go back.

New France…

• Robert de LaSalle- Maps the entire Miss. River. Claims land for Louis XIV. Calls it Louisiana.

• Build forts to protect the claim. Largest fort is New Orleans

• France sends farmers and women over to est. cities. Plan fails.

• Most went home or became Coureurs de Bois.

New Netherlands

• After Henry Hudson’s discoveries the Dutch est. their settlement in modern day New York.

• They are mainly rivals against the French for fur trading.

The English in the New World Sec. 4

• Roanoke- 1st settlement off the coast of N. Carolina lasts less than a year.

• Roanoke II- Led by John White• 1st English child born in America Eliner Dare.• White returns to England.• After 3 year he returns CROATOAN

Jamestown

• VA. Company of England receives a charter from King James I.

• Settle VA in 1607- 105 settlers• Horrible location many die• John Smith- New Leadership.• He is ruthless, if you do not work you are not fed.• Grow food then find gold.• Is injured and returns to Eng. Colony nearly dies out.• Pocahontas- Disney myth, possibly the worst movie ever.

Tobacco

• The natives show the colonists how to grow tobacco. Saves Colony.

• The new crop is suddenly in great demand. Smoke, Snuff, Snus.

• The Dutch sell the first African slaves to Jamestown.• House of Burgesses• 1619 first representative government elected in the

colonies.• The council works with the Governor.

The Pilgrims

• Separatist movement leaves England for Religious autonomy.

• Arrive in MA. Meant to go to VA.• Mayflower Compact- New rules1. Consult each other about laws.2. Work together towards success.WampanoagSaved the pilgrims by teaching them how to farm.