The Nature Of Leadership Pertemuan 1

Matakuliah : G0934 / Leadership and OrganisationTahun : 2007

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Learning OutcomesAfter studying this chapter students should be able to:• Understand why leadership has been defined in so many

ways. • Understand the controversy about differences between

leadership and management.• Understand how leadership will be defined in this book.• Understand why it is so difficult to asses leadership

effectiveness.• Understand the different indicators used to asses leadership

effectiveness.• Understand what aspects of leadership have been studied

the most during the past 50 years.• Understand how leadership can be described as an

individual, dyadic, group, or organizational process.

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Outline Materi

• Definitions of Leadership• Leadership Effectiveness• Overview of Major Research Approaches• Level of Conceptualization for Leadership• Other Bases for Comparing Leadership

Theories

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The Nature of Leadership

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The Nature of Leadership

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1. Definition of Leadership

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Video

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Definitions of Leadership

• Leadership is “the behavior of an individual… directing the activities of a group toward a shared goal” (Hemphil & Coons, 1975, p.7)

• Leadership is “the influential increment over and above mechanical compliance with the routine directives of the organisation” (D.Katz & Kahn, 1978, p.528).

• “Leadership is exercised when persons… mobilize… institutional, political, psychological, and other resources so as to arouse, engage, and satisfy the motives of followers” (Burns, 1978, p.18)

• Leadership is “the process Of Influencing the activity of an organized group toward goal

achievement” (Rauch & Behling,1984,p,46)

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• More definitions

http://www.leadership-studies.com/lsw/definitions.htm

http://www.leadingtoday.org/Onmag/2006%20Archives/august06/definitions82006.html ... it was Lao-Tse who wrote, "Fail to honor people, they fail to honor you. But of a good leader, who

talks little, when his work is done, his aim fulfilled, they will all say, "We did this ourselves."

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• Specialized Role or Shared Influence Process?• Type of influence Process• Purpose of Influence Attempts• Influence Based on Reason or Emotions• Leadership Versus Management• A working Definition of Key Terms

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Scope of Leadership Processes

• Leaders influence:– The interpretation of external events by members– The choice of objectives an strategies to pursue– The motivation of members to achieve the objectives– The mutual trust and cooperation of members– The organisation of work activities– The development of members skills and confidence– The learning and sharing of new knowledge by members– The enlistment of support and cooperation from outsiders

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2. Leadership Effectiveness

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Leadership Effectiveness• Immediate and delayed outcomes

Causal Chain of Effects from Two Types of Leader Behaviour

• What criteria to use?

Inspiring Vision

Training +Coaching

FollowerEffort

Follower Skills

Quality +productivity

UnitProfit

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• Leadership effectiveness model• Emotional Intelligence: Understanding yourself

and others • Relationships: Communication, Managing Conflict,

Campus Resources for Resolving Conflict,Sexual Harassment

• Teamwork: Mission-Based Leadership, Building a Team,Diversity, Team Facilitation, Employment: From Start to Finish

• Operations: Quality Service Management, Managing Customer Service, Campus ResourcesPlanning, Delegation and Project ManagementTime and Attendance, Resource Management

• Performance: Performance Management, UM Policies, Procedures, and Practices 14

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Overview of Major Research Approaches

• Key Variables Included in Leadership Theories– Characteristics of the Leader

•Traits (motives, personality, values)•Confidence and Optimism•Skills and Expertise•Behaviour• Integrity and Ethics• Influence Tactics•Attributions about followers

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Exercise• Select a leader that you know best and try to

asses him/her using The GE Leadership Effectiveness Survey (LES)

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