The Journal of

Experimental Biology

Published for The Company of Biologists, Limited

LONDON

Cambridge University Press

FETTER LANE, B.C. 4

BOMBAY • CALCUTTA • MADRAS

MacmillanTOKYO

Maruzcn Company Ltd

All rightt reserved

The Journal of

Experimental Biology(Late The British Journal of Experimental Biology)

EDITED BY

J. GRAY

ASSISTED BY

G. P. WELLS AND E. ASHBY

Hon. Sees. Society for Experimental Biology

VOLUME XIII

CAMBRIDGE

AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS1936

PRINTED IN QBE AT BRITAIN

CONTENTS

No. i. JANUARY 1936PAGE

DAVID SLOME, The Diabetogenic Hormone of the Pituitary Gland. (With TwoText-figures) 1

R. K. CALLOW AND A. S. PARKES, Production of Oestrogenic Substance by the BirdTestis 7

J. A. KITCHING, The Physiology of Contractile Vacuoles:II. The Control of Body Volume in Marine Peritricha. (With Eight Text-

figures) 11

DONALD L. GUNN AND F. B. NOTLEY, The Temperature and Humidity Relationsof the Cockroach:

IV. Thermal Death-point. (With Four Text-figures) 28T. MORAN AND H. P. HALE, Physics of the Hen's Egg:

I. Membranes in the Egg. (With One Plate) 35

T. MORAN, Physics of the Hen's Egg:II. The Bursting Strength of the Vitelline Membrane. (With Three Text-

figures) 41

H. A. SHAPDIO, The Biological Basis of Sexual Behaviour in Amphibia:I. The Experimental Induction of the Mating Reflex (coupling) in Xenopus laevis

(the South African Clawed Toad) by means of Pregnancy Urine and of An-terior Pituitary Extracts, with the Production of Fertilised Ova. (With OnePlate) 48

H. A. SHAPIRO, The Biological Basis of Sexual Behaviour in Amphibia:II. The Independence of Ovulation and of Coupling (the Mating Reflex) in

Xenopus laevis (the South African Clawed Toad) 57

L. BERK, R. W. S. CHEETHAM AND H. A. SHAPIRO, The Biological Basis of SexualBehaviour in Amphibia:

III. The Role of Distance Receptors in the Establishment of the Mating Reflex(coupling) in Xenopus laevis (the South African Clawed Toad): the Eyes . 60

E. G. RICHARDSON, The Physical Aspects of Fish Locomotion. (With Eight Text-figures) 63

C. H. WADDINGTON, A Failure of Induction in Normal Development. (With OneText-figure) 75

C. H. WADDINGTON, The Origin of Competence for Lens Formation in the Am-phibia. (With Two Plates) 86

C. H. WADDINGTON AND A. WOLSKT, The Occurrence of the Evocator in Organismswhich possess no Nerve Cord 92

C. I. BLISS, The Size Factor in the Action of Arsenic upon Silkworm Larvae. (WithFour Text-figures) 95

C. F. A. PANTIN, On the Excitation of Crustacean Muscle:II. Neuromuscular Facilitation. (With Seven Text-figures) . . . . 1 1 1

vi Contents

No. 2. APRIL 1936PAGE

A. W. A. BROWN, The Excretion of Ammonia and Uric Acid during the LarvalLife of certain Muscoid Flies. (With Five Text-figures) . . . - 1 3 1

M. LAFON, The Action of Hanson's Thymus Extract on the Mouse . . . 1 4 0

R. WASHBOURN, Metabolic Rates of Trout Fry from Swift and Slow-RunningWaters 145

C. F. A. PANTIN: On the Excitation of Crustacean Muscle:

III. Quick and Slow Responses. (With Four Text-figures) . . . . 148

IV. Inhibition. (With Five Text-figures) 159

J. GRAY, Studies in Animal Locomotion:IV. The Neuromuscular Mechanism of Swimming in the Eel. (With Three

Plates and One Text-figure) 170

V. Resistance Reflexes in the Eel. (With One Plate and Seven Text-figures) . 181VI. The Propulsive Powers of the Dolphin. (With Three Text-figures) . . 1 9 2

J. GRAY AND A. SAND, The Locomotory Rhythm of the Dogfish (Scyllium camcula).(With Three Text-figures) 200

J. GRAY AND A. SAND, Spinal Reflexes of the Dogfish, Scyllium camcula. (WithTwo Plates and Three Text-figures) 210

C. H. WADDINGTON AND A. COHEN, Experiments on the Development of the Headof the Chick Embryo. (With Two Plates and Twenty Text-figures) . . 219

E. N. WILLMER AND F. JACOBY, Studies on the Growth of Tissues in vitro:IV. On the Manner in which Growth is Stimulated by Extracts of Embryo

Tissues. (With Eight Text-figures) 237

No. 3. JULY 1936

G. PUGH SMITH, The Growth Stimulation of Blow-fly Larvae Fed on FatiguedFrog Muscle. II 249

PHILIP ULLYOTT, The Behaviour of Dendrocoelum lacteum:I. Responses at Light-and-dark Boundaries. (With Five Text-figures) . . 253

II. Responses in Non-directional Gradients. (With Nine Text-figures) . . 265

JAMES D. ROBERTSON, The Function of the Calciferous Glands of Earthworms.(With Two Plates and Three Text-figures) 279

ERIC PONDER, On the Spherical Form of the Mammalian Erythrocyte:Part II. Spherical Forms produced by Lecithin and the Photodynamic Dyes 298

L. E. R. PICKEN, The Mechanism of Urine Formation in Invertebrates:I. The Excretion Mechanism in certain Arthropoda. (With Five Text-figures) . 309

NORMAN G. HEATLEY, The Digestive Enzymes of the Onychophora (Peripatopsisspp.). (With Eight Text-figures) 329

ANNE HOSKER, Regeneration of Feathers after Thyroid Feeding. (With Five Text-figures) 344

Contents vii

PAGE

N. J. BERRILL AND ARTHUR COHEN, Regeneration in Claoelina lepadiformis. (WithFive Text-figures) 352

GEORGE SALT, Experimental Studies in Insect Parasitism:IV. The Effect of Superparasitism on Populations of Trichogramma evanescens.

(With One Text-figure) 363

No. 4. OCTOBER 1936

J. P. MCGOWAN, Suprarenal "Virilism" in a Domestic Hen, its Possible Sig-nificance 377

F. H. A. MARSHALL AND F. P. BOWDEN, The Further Effects of Irradiation onthe Oestrous Cycle of the Ferret 38

L. E. R. PICKEN, A Note on the Mechanism of Salt and Water Balance in theHeterotrichous Ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum. (With Two Text-figures) . 387

FRITZ JACOBY, The Growth and Morphology of Fibroblasts in vitro in Relation toCertain Properties of the Plasma Coagulum. (With Three Plates and TenText-figures) 393

ERIC T. B. FRANCIS AND FRANCES M. HORTON, Some Reactions of the Ammocoete(With One Text-figure) 410

OTTO LOWENSTEIN AND A. SAND, The Activity of the Horizontal SemicircularCanal of the Dogfish, Scyllium cardcula. (With Six Text-figures) . . . 4 1 6

D. W. LE MARE, Reflex and Rhythmical Movements in the Dogfish. (With NineText-figures) 429

L. E. S. EASTHAM, The Rhythmical Movements of the Gills of Nymphal Lepto-phlebia marginata (Ephemeroptera) and the Currents Produced by them inWater. (With Three Text-figures) 443

DONALD L. GUNN AND JOHN S. KENNEDY, Apparatus for Investigating theReactions of Land Arthropods to Humidity. (With Five Text-figures) . 450

URSULA WYKES, Observations on Pigmentary Co-ordination in Elasmobranchs.(With One Text-figure) 460

M. L. JOHNSON, The Control of Respiratory Movements in Crustacea by Oxygenand Carbon Dioxide. II. (With One Text-figure) 467

J. E. HARRIS, The Role of the Fins in the Equilibrium of the Swimming Fish:I. Wind-Tunnel Tests on a Model of Mtutelus cards (Mitchill). (With Eight

Text-figures) 476

Index to Subjects 495

Index to Authors 499

JOURNAL OF THEMarine Biological Association

OF THE UNITED KINGDOM

New Series VOLUME XX, No. 3 March 1936

CONTENTS1. Seals (Halichocrus grypus) of Cornwall Coasts. By G. A. STEVEN. With 6 Figures in

the Text.2. Observations on the Distribution of Plankton Animal Indicators made on Col.

E. T. Peel's yacht "St George" in the Mouth of the English Channel, July, 1935.By F. S. RUSSELL. With 6 Figures in the Text.

3. The Occurrence, Ecology and Life History of Tigriopus fulvus (Fischer). By JAMESH. FRASER. With 5 Figures in the Text.

4. Gigantism and Variation in Peringia ulvce Pennant 1777, caused by Infection withLarval Trematodes. By MIRIAM ROTHSCHILD. With 2 Figures in the Text.

5. Notes on the Eggs and Larvae of Some Plymouth Prosobranchs. By MARIE V.LEBOUR. With Plates l-III.

6. The Development of Audouinia tentaculata (Montagu). By DOUGLAS P. WILSON.With 12 Figures in the Text.

7. On the Hydroid of Laodicea undulata (Forbes and Goodsir). By F. S. RUSSELL.With 7 Figures in the Text.

8. On a New Species of Medusa, Eucheilota hartlaubi n.sp. By F. S. RUSSELL. With6 Figures in the Text.

9. The Seasonal Abundance of the Pelagic Young of Teleostean Fishes in the PlymouthArea. Part III. The Year 1935, with a Note on the Conditions as Shown by theOccurrence of Plankton Indicators. By F. S. RUSSELL. With 4 Figures in the Text.

10. Migrations and Growth of the Thornback Ray (Raia clavata L.). By G. A. STEVEN.With 2 Figures in the Text.

11. An Investigation of the Seaweeds within aMarked Zoneof the Shore at Aberystwyth,during the year 1933-34. (With special reference to the Use of the Spores as foodfor Oyster Larvae.) By EDITH A. LEWIS.

12. Note on the Ubiquitous Cercaria from Littorina rudis, L. obtusata and L. littorea.By W. J. REES. With 1 Text-Figure.

13. The Estimation of Zinc in Sea Water using Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate. ByW. R. G. ATKINS.

14. The Preservation of Fishing Nets by Treatment with Copper Soaps and OtherSubstances. Part III. By W. R. G. ATKINS.

15. The Preservation of Fibre Ropes for Use in Sea Water. By W. R. G. ATKINS andJ. PURSER.

16. The Biology of Echinocardium cordatum. By HILARY B. MOORE. With Plates I andII and 5 Figures in the Text.

17. Experiments in the Sea on Rate of Growth of some Crustacea Decapoda. By J. H.ORTON. With 2 Figures in the Text.

18. Variations in the White Pigment of the Eye in Qammarus chevreuxi Sexton, witha Description of a New Genetic Type, the "Clotted eye." By E. W. SEXTON andA. R. CLARK. With 1 Figure in the Text.

19. The Biology of Balanus balanoides, V. Distribution in the Plymouth Area. ByHILARY B. MOORE. With 6 Figures in the Text.

20. Summary of the Tees Estuary Investigations. (Survey of the River Tees. Part II.The Estuary, Chemical and Biological. By W. B. ALEXANDER, B. A. SOUTHGATE, andR. BASSINDALE.)

21. Abstracts of Memoirs Recording Work Done at the Plymouth Laboratory.22. Book Notice.23. List of Governors, Founders and Members.

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THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGYThe Society exists for the promotion of experimental biology. It holds Conferences,generally three times a year, at which the results of experimental investigations arepresented and discussed. The Journal of Experimental Biology is the medium of publicationof the Society. Enquiries about membership of the Society should be addressed to theSecretaries:

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