THE INTERFERENCE OF INDONESIAN NOUN PHRASES INTO ENGLISH NOUN … · 2021. 1. 26. · i THE INTERFERENCE OF INDONESIAN NOUN PHRASES INTO ENGLISH NOUN PHRASES AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE

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THE INTERFERENCE OF INDONESIAN NOUN PHRASES INTO ENGLISH

NOUN PHRASES AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE OF SMA ISLAM TERPADU

WAHDAH MAKASSAR

(A Descriptive-Qualitative Research)

A THESIS

Submitted to the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah

University of Makassar in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of

Education in English Department

HERNI K

10535 5948 14

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MAKASSAR

2020

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UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MAKASSAR

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN PRODI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS

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Jalan Sultan Alauddin No. 259Makassar

Telp : 0411-860837/860132 (Fax)

Email : [email protected]

Web : www.fkip.unismuh.ac.id

SURAT PERJANJIAN

Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini:

Nama : Herni K

Nim : 10535594814

Jurusan : Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris

Judul Skripsi : The Interference of Indonesian noun phrases into English

noun phrases at The Eleventh Grade of SMA Islam Terpadu

Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar

Dengan ini menyatakan perjanjian sebagai berikut:

1. Mulai dari penyusunan proposal sampai selesainya skripsi ini, saya akan

menyusun sendiri skripsi saya (tidak dibuatkan oleh siapapun).

2. Dalam penyusunan skripsi saya akan selalu melakukan konsultasi dengan

pembimbing, yang telah ditetapkan oleh pimpinan fakultas.

3. Saya tidak akan melakukan penjiplakan (Plagiat) dalam menyusun skripsi

saya.

4. Apa bila saya melanggar perjanjian saya seperti butir 1, 2, dan 3, maka saya

bersedia menerima sanksi sesuai aturan yang berlaku.

Demikian perjanjian ini saya buat dengan penuh kesadaran.

Makassar, Desember 2020

Yang membuat perjanjian

Herni K

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MAKASSAR

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN PRODI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS

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Jalan Sultan Alauddin No. 259Makassar

Telp : 0411-860837/860132 (Fax)

Email : [email protected]

Web : www.fkip.unismuh.ac.id

SURAT PERNYATAAN

Saya yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini:

Nama : Herni K

Nim : 10535594814

Jurusan : Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris

Judul Skripsi : The Interference of Indonesian noun phrases into English

noun phrases at The Eleventh Grade of SMA Islam Terpadu

Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar

Dengan ini menyatakan bahwa:

Skripsi yang saya ajukan di depan TIM Penguji adalah ASLI hasil karya

saya sendiri, bukan hasil ciplakan dan tidak dibuatkan oleh siapapun.

Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya dan saya bersedia

menerima sanksi apabila pernyataan ini tidak benar.


Yang membuat pernyataan

Herni K

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

Motto:

So when you have finished (your duties), then

stand up (for worship).

―QS. Al Insyirah (94) : 7

And to your Lord direct (your) longing.

―QS. Al Insyirah (94) : 8

Dedication:

This Thesis for My Big Families

For My Beloved Parents

and also

My Own Self

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ABSTRACT

HERNI K, 2020. The Interference of Indonesian noun phrases into English

noun phrases at The Eleventh Grade of SMA Islam Terpadu Wahdah

Islamiyah Makassar(A Descriptive-Qualitative Research).Thesis of English

Department. The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah

University of Makassar. Supervised by Andi Tenri Ampa and Eka Prabawati

Rum.

This research aims to find out: (1) the forms of the interference of

Indonesian noun phrases into English noun phareses at the eleventh grade of SMA

Islam Terpadu Wahdah Makassar (2) the dominant of the interference of

Indonesian noun phrases into English phrases at the eleventh grade of SMA Islam

Terpadu Wahdah Makassar, Academic Year 2019/2020

The researcher used descriptive qualitative as research design. The data

analysis used theory proposed by Miles and Huberman's model. The sample of

this study was 23,24(25%) students of SMA Islam Terpadu Wahdah Makassar by

using Purposive Sampling. The instrument the research used is written test

consisting of outline in writing a descriptive text.

The findings of this research showed that using Contrastive method to

collected the data. The students interferences in using noun phrase in their

descriptive text were classified into seven kinds of interference of Indonesian

noun phrase and english noun phrases then three categories. Those head,

premodifier and postmodifier. Head divide into wrong placement of head and

noun phrases and wrong from of noun phrases. While for premodifier that diveide

were determiner, enumerator and adjective. And the other kinds of interference

related to postmodifier that divide into prepositional phrase and relative clause.

Head interference was 103 premodifier interference was 22 and postmodifier

interference was 8.

The result of the research that the dominant lies on the used of head

interference on noun phrases in their descriptive writing. In relation to this, it is

suggested that eleventh grade students of SMA Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar

shoud be given intensive exercises on head on noun phrase in their writing. It is

quite necesssary for the eleventh grade and the teacher of SMA Islam Tepadu

Wahda Makassar to be informed about the result of this study. So that they can

improve their teaching learning process.

Key words:Interference, Indonesian noun phrases & English noun phareses,

Descriptive Qualitative.

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ABSTRAK

HERNI K, 2020. Interferensi Frasa Kata Benda Bahasa Indonesia ke Frasa

Kata Benda Bahasa Inggris di Kelas XI SMA Islam Terpadu Wahdah

Islamiyah Makassar (Penelitian Deskriptif-Kualitatif). Skripsi Jurusan Bahasa

Inggris. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah

Makassar. Dibimbing oleh Andi Tenri Ampa dan Eka Prabawati Rum.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) bentuk-bentuk interferensi frasa

nomina bahasa indonesia ke dalam frasa nomina bahasa inggris pada siswa kelas

sebelas SMA Islam Terpadu Wahdah Makassar (2) dominannya interferensi frasa

nomina bahasa indonesia ke frasa bahasa inggris pada kelas sebelas SMA Islam

Terpadu Wahdah Makassar Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020

Peneliti menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif sebagai desain penelitian. Analisis data

menggunakan teori yang dikemukakan oleh model Miles dan Huberman. Sampel

penelitian ini adalah 23,24 (25%) siswa SMA Islam Terpadu Wahdah Makassar

dengan menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan

adalah tes tertulis yang terdiri dari garis besar dalam menulis teks deskriptif.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode

Kontrastif. Gangguan siswa dalam menggunakan frase nomina dalam teks

deskriptifnya diklasifikasikan menjadi tujuh macam interferensi frase nomina

bahasa Indonesia dan frase nomina bahasa Inggris kemudian tiga kategori. Kepala

itu, premodifier dan postmodifier. Pembagian kepala menjadi penempatan yang

salah dari frasa kepala dan kata benda dan salah dari frasa kata benda. Sedangkan

untuk premodifier yaitu diveide yaitu determiner, enumerator dan adjective. Serta

gangguan lain yang berhubungan dengan postmodifier yang terbagi menjadi

prepositional phrase dan relative clause. Interferensi kepala 103 gangguan

pramodifier 22 dan gangguan postmodifier 8.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yang dominan terletak pada penggunaan

interferensi kepala pada frase nomina dalam penulisan deskriptifnya. Sehubungan

dengan hal tersebut, disarankan agar siswa kelas XI SMA Wahdah Islamiyah

Makassar diberikan latihan intensif tentang kata benda pada tulisannya. Hasil dari

penelitian ini sangat penting bagi siswa kelas sebelas dan guru SMA Islam

Tepadu Wahda Makassar. Sehingga mereka dapat meningkatkan proses belajar

mengajar mereka.

Kata kunci: Interferensi, Frase Kata Benda Bahasa Indonesia & Kata Benda

Bahasa Inggris Phareses, Deskriptif Kualitatif.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillahi Robbil ‘Alamiin, first I would like to express my

deepest praise and gratitude to Allah SWT who has given me his blessing and

merciful to complete this thesis. Shalawat and salam are addressed to the final,

chosen, religious messenger, the Prophet Muhammad Shalallahu alaihi wassalam.

In preparing complicating this thesis, the researcher found many

problems that could not be solve by the researcher herself. However, the great

help and support from the people around her made everything was running well.

The researcher deeply express many thanks to those who had given their help,

guidance, support, advice, and open constructive criticism. The researcher really

knows without them, the researcher would be unable to finish this thesis, so the

researcher would like to express her deepest gratitude to them. They are as follow:

1. Prof. H. Ambo Asse, M.Ag, the Rector of Muhammadiyah University of

Makassar for his advices during his study at the university.

2. Erwin Akib, S.Pd., Ph.D, the Dean of FKIP Muhammadiyah University of

Makassar for his signature, support and motivation.

3. Ummi Khaerati Syam, S,Pd., M.Pd, the lead of English Education

Depaerment of FKIP Muhammadiyah University of Makassar for her

signature, support and motivation.

4. The researcher’s high appreciation and great thankfullness are due to

consultans, Dr. Hj. Andi Tenri Ampa, M.Hum and the second consultant, Eka

Prabawati Rum, S.Pd., M.Pd who had given me guidance, correction, and

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support since the preliminary state of manuscript till the completion of the

thesis.

5. My deep appreciation for the headmaster of SMA Wahdah Islamiyah

Makassar, Darm, S.A.g. M.Pd.I and English teacher, Andi Effy, S.Pd.M.P.d

and also all staffs and the students who have spared their tome and activities

for bring subject of this research.

6. My special heartfelt to my beloved father, my beloved brothers and sisters

who always sacrifice, love, care, support for financial and pray for her safety

and every success of mine.

Eventually, the researcher realized that this thesis is still for from perfection

and still needs suggestion and critics. Thus enhancement from this thesis as

strongly needed. I hope that this thesis will be useful for many people who

Allah the almighty needed may bless us. Aamiin.


Herni K

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

COVER PAGE ...................................................................................... ……… i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. ii

APPROVAL SHEET ........................................................................................ iii

COUNSELLING SHEET 1 .............................................................................. iv

COUNSELLING SHEET 2 .............................................................................. v

SURAT PERJANJIAN ..................................................................................... vii

SURAT PERNYATAAN .................................................................................. viii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ......................................................................... ix

ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... x

ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... xi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................ xii

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................. xiv

LIST OF FIGURE............................................................................................. xvi

LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... .. xvii

LIST OF APPENDICES................................................................................... xix

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... . 1

A. Background ................................................................................. 1

B. Problem Statement ..................................................................... 4

C. Objective of The Research .......................................................... 5

D. Significance of The Research ..................................................... 5

E. Scope of The Research ................................................................ 5

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ............................... 6

A. The Concept of Interference ....................................................... 6

1. The Concept of Intereference ................................................ 6

B. Contrastivies Analysis of English Noun phrase and Indonesian

Noun Phrase ................................................................................ 9

1. Indonesian Noun Phrase ........................................................ 11

a. PreModifier ..................................................................... 11

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b. Head ............................................................................... 12

c. Postmodifier ................................................................... 12

d. The Structure of Indonesian noun phrase ........................ 13

2. English Noun Phrases

a. Determiner ...................................................................... 16

b. Adjectives ....................................................................... 17

c. Prepositional ................................................................... 17

1) Head ........................................................................... 18

2) Premodifier ................................................................ 19

3) Postmodifier ............................................................... 20

4) Structure of english noun phrase ............................... 22

C. Differences of Indonesian Noun phrase and and English Noun

phrase stucture ............................................................................. 22

1. Similarities BetweenIndonesian and English ................... 26

D. Conceptual Framework ............................................................... 26

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................... 29

A. Research Method ........................................................................ 29

B. Variable and Indicator ................................................................. 30

C. Population and sample ................................................................ 30

D. Instrument of the research ........................................................... 31

E. Technique of data Collection ..................................................... 31

F. Data analysis .............................................................................. 32

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ............................................ 33

A. Findings ....................................................................................... 33

1. The kinds of interference of Indonesian noun phrase and

english noun phrases. ........................................................... 33

B. Discussions .................................................................................. 34

1. The interference in head ....................................................... 44

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2. The Interference in premodifier ........................................... 50

3. The Interference in Postmodifier ......................................... 53

4. The Dominant Interference of Students in Using head,

premodifier and postmodifier in descriptve writing ............ 46

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...................................... 58

A. Conclusion................................................................................... 58

B. Suggestion ................................................................................... 59

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES

CURRICULUM VITAE

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LIST OF FIGURE

Page

Figure 2.1 Conceptual Framework ........................................................................ 17

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LIST OF TABLES

Tabel Page

2.1 The structureof Indonesian Noun Phrase ................................................... 13

2.2 The structure of english noun phrase ........................................................ 14

2.3 Noun phrase is including premodifier, the head and post modifier ........ 25

2.4 The kinds and the examples of modifier, Premodifier & postmodifier .... 18

2.5 The structure of english noun phrase ......................................................... 22

2.6 The differences ofIndonesian noun phrase and english noun ...................

phrase structure ........................................................................................ 23

2.7 Predection of The interference of Indonesian noun phrase and English noun

phrase

.......................................................................................................................... 34

4.1 The Findings of interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English writing

in the kinds of interference of Indonesian noun phrase and english noun

phrase..... ................................................................................................... 42

4.2 The interference of Indonesiannoun phrase into English writing in head

................................................................................................................... 43

4.3The interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English noun phrases in

postmodifier. ............................................................................................. 53

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LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1 Instruments

APPENDIX 2 Outline of Instruments

APPENDIX 3 The Result of Data Analysis

APPENDIX 4 The Answer of Respondents

APPENDIX 5 The List Of Participant Identity

APPENDIX 6 Documentation

APPENDIX 7 Curriculum Vitae

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

English is one of the languages whose existence is increasingly felt by

the world community. Therefore, the United Nations has made this language one

of the official languages. Based on research conducted by Unesco, approximately

71% of Islamic writing is done in French, German, and English, with English

occupying 62% of the output (Budiarti, A, 2013)

In Indonesia, English has long been taught in junior high schools, senior

high schools, and universities. Even today, in some places English is given at the

primary school level. This shows that English is very important and needs to be

mastered by students for the benefit of science.

English, like all natural languages, has structure rules. The characteristics

of English concern, among other things, the inflectional nature of language. This

is different from Indonesian which is agglutinative. As Indonesians find hard to

understand by the different systems of English from Indonesian such as in the use

of sentence or noun phrase structure.

The pattern of constructing in English is different from Indonesian

language. They realize the importance of English in the international world and a

subject that required for school and college, Indonesian people also learn English.

They will try to speak or write English as fluently as they can in spite of the fact

that in Indonesian English is foreign language.

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The people need communication and the human communication through

3 ways, namely speaking, writing and sign language. In daily activity,they use

Indonesian to interact with their family, friends,meetings, at schools and others

around them. for instance, teachers and students use Indonesian as their language

for communication. In this case, Indonesian is more dominant and strongly used

by them in all aspects of life. As the result, they will mix the same aspects from

their Indonesian to English that they will learn.

English is categorized as a foreign language in Indonesia. It fits what

According Richards, et al. (2010: 224) who have stated that a foreign language is

via: a language which is taught as a school subject but is not used as a medium of

instruction in schools nor as a language of communication within a country.

According Saville (2016) has written that there are two types of transfer

which occur in second or foreign language development, positive transfers and

negative transfers. Positive transfers refer to when a first language structure or

rule is used with the target language and that use is appropriate or correct.

Whereas, a negative transfer is defined when a first language structure or rule is

used in the target language and that use is inappropriate and considered an error.

In other words, this negative transfer only occurs when the structures between the

two languages are different and this is commonly known as first language

interference.

However there is problem faced by the indonesian students in learning

English. They still cannot know and understand well about it. beacause the

students never manage to shake of the structure of their first language in their

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english speaking or writing. And also The problems are caused by differences of

language features between indonesian and english in noun phrase interference.As

we know that there are more language that exactly same. The different features

are like vocabulary, phrase and sentences, It also can cause the noun phrase

interference.

In Indonesia, there are noun phrases or its called “frasa nominal”. In

Indonesian noun phrase, noun phrase is a group noun which is formed by

extending a noun, or a phrase that has a same distributed with the noun.

According Supriyanto (2013: 287) find some categories of syntactical

interference. It consists of three classes, there are in sentence,phrase, and diction.

The dominant interference was in the phrase class. Interference was found in

phrase construction (modifier and head word).The construction phrase of

Indonesian language is head word + modifier,but in English head word is put after

the modifier.

The noun phrase interferences of indonesian into english made by

students or people is seen by research as an urgent problem to be solved. The

research thought that some students still made some interference and got confused

in someone means. The correct structure lead the communication in writing to

understand what they wrote people found it hard to understand their writing due to

the interference.

The research was interested in research because based on the reserch

experience when taught the students in P2K at junior high school (MTs Ujung

Loe Bulukumba) they did an interference in noun phrases. For instance, Students

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learned in English subject, they made interference in their writing skill in English.

For instance to wrote many book instead of many books. This can be explained

that she was influenced by the Indonesian language word order banyak buku.even

though, a word banyak is a marker of plurality, it was not followed by a plural

noun buku buku. And another example, most students made Indonesian in English

reverse interference, for example: The language product the students produced

were not grammatically acceptable. From this was problems and the theories of

interference above, this study was really concerned about “The Interference of

Indonesian Noun phrase into English noun phrases at SMA Islam Terpadu

Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar.”

B. Problem Statements

Based on the background above, the writer formulated research questions

as follows:

1. What are the forms of the interference of Indonesian noun phrases into

English noun phareses at the eleventh grade of SMA Islam Terpadu

Wahdah Makassar?

2. What are the dominant of the interference of Indonesian noun phrases

into English phrases at the eleventh grade of SMA Islam Terpadu

Wahdah Makassar?

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C. Objective of the research

Based on the research questions above, This research was conducted to

desctibe as follow:

1. To find out the forms of the interference of Indonesian noun phrases into

English noun phareses at the eleventh grade of SMA Islam Terpadu

Wahdah Makassar.

2. To find out the dominant ofat the eleventh grade of SMA Islam Terpadu

Wahdah Makassar.

D. Significances of the Research

The significance of this study was to compare noun phrases between

Indonesian and English languages. Then allow for predicting the difficulties faced

by the students and interferences that usually made by them. Knowing the

interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English Writing at SMA Islam

Terpadu Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar will be helpful for the teacher, student and

the next research. This will be helpful also for the readers who have curiosity in

the materials.

E. Scope of the Research

This research focus on the interferences of indonesian noun phrase into

english writing, namely pre-modifier, Head, post-modifier in descriptive writing.

To find the forms of the interferences of indonesian noun phrase into english

writingat SMA Islam Terpadu Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar and also to find out

the dominants of the indonesian noun phrase can interference english noun

phrases.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. The Concept of Intereference

1. The Concept of Intereference

This study presents some previous studies. According to Yuwono (2010)

in his research entitled “Contrastive Analysis of English and Indonesian Noun

Phrase”, the difficulty is not only that nearly all the modifiers in the

Indonesian Noun phrases come after the noun head, but partly because

sometimes the modifier in the Engish noun phrases is in the form of one word

or a phrase, but in its Indonesian equivalent the modifier may or should

appear as a clause. In his research, he draws some conclusions, such as: (a).

English NPs have a different system of word order from that their Indonesian

equivalents. (b).The modifiers in the English noun phrases may occur before

or/and after the noun head. (c). The modifiers in the Indonesian noun phrases

occur only after the noun head except when the modifier is a kind of noun

determiner that denotes quantity.

Yuwono mentioned that Indonesian noun phrases Starts with the largest

class and the follow the smaller and smaller limiters, wheres the English noun

phrases does do the opposite. The largest class is last and smallest first. The

more we scrutinize the different sturucture between the indonesian and

english noun phrases, the more difficulties we can predicat that probably

encouraged by indonesia learners learning english and we can also know that

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the more complicated the english noun phrases, the more difficulties the

learners will have. For instance Kenyatan-kenyatan itu is the facts.

According to Arantis (2014) in her research entitled A Study of Noun

Phrase Structure In Interferences Indonesia from English Noun Phrase In

“Enid Blyton’s The First Term At Malory Towers”, there are two kinds of

noun phrase. It is the similar structure and different structure of noun phrase

in the source language.

She also finds four types from the analysis in the target language. Those

are: (1) the structure consisting of diterminer + head + post-HM in TL; (2) the

structure consisting of head + post-HM in TL; (3) the structure consisting of

determiner + without head + post-HM in TL; and (4) the structure consisting

of subject+predicate+object (from the head of SL) in TL. The change of

structure level in TL occurs because of the context in this fiction story.

Interference can be seen in the use of syntactic fragments of words,

phrases and clauses in sentences (Chaer and Agustina, 2004:124). For

example, English and Indonesian phrases.

According to Sudipa (2010) said, He finds that the cause of the

interference is a lack of understanding and lack of words written so that they

used structure directly from the concept of mother tongue into English. it was

means that they mostly apply all the structure indonesian language they

mastered in English, while not all structure in one language has the same

characteristics with another, example regular and irregular.

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The first scholar who used interference is Weinreich, he

formulated interference to clarify the systemic change in language

because of contiguity between that language and the other language that

are made by bilingual speaker (Chaer and Agustina, 2004:120).

According to Chaer and Agustina, (2004: 120) Almost bilingual people

make interference in the beginning when they speak in their target language.

For example,Indonesian who learns English, they will make interference in

their writing or their speaking skill in the target language, in this case English.

The definition of interference above explain that interference must lead to

an error or inapropriate for the same thing, stated that interference is the when

students make interference in learning a new language, an error orinapropriate

from in target language will appear, interference result from the transfer of

native language rule into the target language.

According to Junus and Fatimah (2020: 5-6) writes that: What is meant by

interference, interference, the inclusion of absorption elements into other

languages which are disturbing and interference is the main cause of language

errors. It is the production of bilingualism, bilingualism is the use of two

languages such as Indonesian in addition to foreign languages which often

occurs in begginers.It is mean that interference is more frequent with the

beginners that with intermediate student. This caused by the fact that the

beginners are still lack of knowledge in target language.

Therefore they use their previous mother tongue experiences as a means

of organizing the target language data. Interference also indacates in the new

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or foreign language. Interference can take place at all levels of the linguistic

system, example: grammatical, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics

and lexicon. The influence of one language on another in the writes of

bilinguals is relevant both to the field of second language acquisition, where

the interference from the learner’s native language is studied and to the field

of historical linguistics, where the effects of interference on language change

are studied.

B. Contrastivies Analysis of English Noun phrase and Indonesian Noun

Phrase

Every language had a different identity, the difference were structure and

meaning. And every country had its own language to communicate, for example,

an Indonesian country that had Indonesian. In Indonesia had 3 languages used the

first was regional language, the second was national language and the third was

international language namely English. Indonesian language has differences and

similarities with English. The differences and similarities language are called

contrastive analysis.

In fact, there are many definitions of contrastive analysis or limitations of

that contrastive analysis, because each person or linguist tries to formulate a

definition according to their respective views.

In book Analisis kesalahan berbahasa (2010: 9) have collected several

views of contrastive analysis by Djunedia one of the he write that Contrastivies

Analysis is the analysis of two language done in such away as to pinpoint the

differences in their systems, Contrastivies Analysis a usually carried out with a

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view to teaching one of the languages to speakers of the other. There are,

however, many other uses.

According to Finegan (2008: 6)contrastive analysis is a method anlyzing

language for instructional purpose where a native language are target language

and compared in order to clarify the points of differences that may cause

difficulties for learner. So, in learning process the learner will be easer because in

one case the learner learns their own language as target language. This situation

will bring both of languages they learned into the same position that is target

language

In addition, Johansson in his report from the project Languages in Contrast

no. 3, October 2000, stated “Contrastive is the systematic comparison of two or

more languages, with the aim of describing their similarities and differences.

”Contrastive analysis provides an objectives and scientific base for second

language teaching. While learning a second language, if mother tongue of the

learner and the target language both has significantly similar linguistic features on

all the levels of their structures, their will not be much difficulty in learning the

new language in a limited time. For knowing the significantly similar structures in

both languages the first step to be adopted is that both languages should be

analysed indenpendently. After indenpendent analysis, to sort out the different

features of the two languages, comparison of the two languages is necessary.

From this analysis, the research make out that at different structures of two

languages indonesian noun phrase into english noun phrase there were some

features quite similar and some quite different.

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1. Indonesian Noun Phrase

In Indonesian, nouns are called by nomina or kata benda. As stated in

Indonesian sentence types, the minimum requirements of Indonesian

sentence are subjek and predikat. What forms a subject is a single word, a

phrase, or a clause. Noun phrase is a group noun which is formed by

extending a noun, or a phrase that has a same distributed with the noun.

Noun phrases consist of a head, which is typically a noun, and of the

elements which (either obligatory or optionally) determine the head and

(optionally) modify the head, or complement another element in the

phrase.

According Tandiana (2015) states that in Indonesian noun phrases are

commonly expanded at the back of the head. In Indonesian noun phrases,

the head comes before the other word(s), while in English it can be both

ways. This study is focused on the interference indonesian noun phrase

into english noun phrasesas PreModifier, Head and Post-Modifier. To

know the interferences of Indonesian into english noun phrasess.

a. PreModifier

Pre-modifiers of noun are always realized as adjective phrases. A

noun can be pre-modified by one or more adjective phrase. Nouns,

paeticiples, genetive noun phrases, and numerals are importanly

common.It means that pre-modifiers always modifies head, it can be one

or more premodifiers.

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b. Head

All phrases have something in common, namely the fact that they

must minimally contain a Head. The noun phrase is a phrase that has its

head a noun, a pronoun, a nominal adjective, or numeral. The main

element of a noun phrase is called its head. The head of a noun phrase is

noun, pronoun, nominal adjective, or numeral. It means that the most

crucial part in noun phrase is Head. If there is no head, there is no noun

phrase. if the noun phrase consists of a head only, the head must be

realized by a count noun, example books, pens. an uncountable noun,

example sugar, water. a proper noun, Smith and a pronoun, she. countable

noun means that for the nouns in those examples the system of number

operates. In English, the number system has two terms namely singular

and plural.

According to Morley (2000:35), phrase are formally classified

according to the class of word which function as the headword, so, for

example, a nominal phrase has a nominal headword, The nominal phrase

has a noun or pronoun as its headword.

c. Post Modifier

Noun phrase are the most complex kinds of phrases. They do not only

have two elements before the head noun (determiners and pre-modifiers),

they have many kind of post-modifiers. It can be as phrases, infinite

clauses, or non-finite clauses.Post-modifier consists of adjective, adverb,

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prepositional phrase, infinitive clause, -ing participle clause, -ed participle

clause, relative clause and clause introduced by Temporal Conjunction

d. The Structure of Indonesian noun phrase

Noun phrase can also contain pronoun. As Chaer (2007) has

mentioned noun phrase as an endocentric phrase has a core which can

manifest as noun or pronoun. In more details, Chaer (2007) also explained

that noun phrase is a phrase which can fill the function of either subject or

object in a clause.

Based on the structure, the noun phrase can be distinguished as Frasa

Nominals according to (Chaer, 2009) and Khairan (2014).

Indonesian Noun Phrase Example

Noun + Noun Lemari Besi

Noun+A Siswa itu

noun + verb keterampilan menulis

noun + adjective lelaki tua

adverb + noun, Hanya kamu

Num(Pre-modifier)+N Sebuah peristiwa

Prep+Noun Di dalam kelas

N+N(Post-modifier), Kepekaan siswa

Table 2.1 The structureIndonesian Noun Phrase Chaer, 2009 and

Khairan 2014).

Indonesian noun phrase is a phrase which says essentially a noun with

other words that explain the word, these objects are frequently referred to

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as a modifier. Many students still don’t understand about noun phrase,

because they are confuse with the structure of noun phrase itself, also the

different between Indonesian and English noun phrase.

In addition, the research also got a structural formula according Then,

dealing with Alwi (2003: 251-254) this is formula is almost the same as

chaer and khairan only from different terms.

Indonesian Noun Phrase Example

NPa : Nomina + Nomina Lemari Besi

NPb : Nomina + Demonstrative Siswa itu

NPc : Nomina + Adjective keterampilan menulis

NPd : Nomina + Pronoun lelaki tua

NPe : Nomina + yang + Adjective Hanya kamu

NPf : Nomina + Verb Sebuah peristiwa

NPg : Nomina + Adverb Di dalam kelas

NPh : Nomina + Preposition Kepekaan siswa

NPi : Nomina + Numeralia

Table 2.2 The structureIndonesian Noun Phrase, Alwi, et al., 2003

The theory mentions that noun phrase after the noun core is expanded

to the left or the right. If the noun is expanded to the left, it must be

proceeded by number. If the noun is expanded to the right, it will present a

various type of new forms which can be followed by other nouns such

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as,adjective, pronoun, apposition, modifier (which, for, or other elements),

and prepositional phrase(Alwi, et al., 2003)

2. English Noun Phrases

Some researchers (Abney, 1987; Bender,Flickinger & Oepen, 2002;

Chatterjee 2003:12, Goyal, &Naithani, 2005; Lees,1961) stated that

English noun phrases are made of a noun or pronoun called head of noun

phrase. Furthermore, a traditional principles and parameters framework

provided by Chomskyin Coene (2003) mentioned that noun phrase is a

word group that includes a noun and its modifiers.

The noun can be preceded by determiners (such as the, a, her) and

followed by complements. In addition, according to Chatterjee et al

(2005), the head can be explained or modified by the following

constituents;

a. Determiner, for example: the man, a man, this cat, all cats;

b. Adjectives and participles such as, tall man, abandoned building.

This adjective and participleare called premodifier;

c. Prepositional phrases and to infinitives, for examples: the car on

the road, a pilot to fly the plane.

Zabala (2004) provided an example of English noun phrase. The

example is “the pear tree from which the guy is picking the pears”.This

example consists of determiner such as the, a pre-modifier suchas pear,a

head noun such as tree, and a post modifier from which the guy is picking

pears.

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In general, a noun phrase in English is composed potentionally three

parts: A head, Pre modification and post modification. The head of the

noun is the obligatory, it is a minimal requirement for the occurrence of

the a noun phrase. The other two parts, a pre modification and post

modification are optional Jakson in thesis Dharma 2010: 14.

in gerald‟s book expalined that noun phrase is including premodifier,

the head and post modifier. For clearer explanation about the the examples

of structures in noun phrase, see tha table below:

The Examples of Structures in Noun Phrases

Pre-Modifier Head Post- Modifier

A new Edition of the book

Some large Sheet Of paper

The old Man who lives near us

The Table: 2.3Noun phrase is including premodifier, the head and post

modifier.

Modifiers that come before nouns or heads are pre-modifiers, and

those that come after the noun are post-modifiers. There are three classes

of determiner (Greenbaum & Nelson, 2002:48): Predeterminers, e.g. all,

both, half; central determiner, e.g. a, an, the, those; post-determiners, e.g.

other, two, first. modifiers are divided into two: pre-modifier and post-

modifier.

Noun phrases may have more than one premodifier and post-modifier.

Pre-modifier, e.g. black cat and post-modifier, e.g. cat on the chair.

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Whereas, the syntactic pattern of Indonesian noun phrases: modifier comes

after noun head or the head comes before the other word(s) (Djenar,

2003:12).

Here are examples of possible structures of the Indonesian noun

phrase (Djenar, 2003:12): Here are the kinds and the examples of

modifiers in the table:

Kinds of Modifier The Examples of Modifier

Premodifier

Determiner It is devided in Pre-Determiner,

Central Determiner, Post Determiner

Pre-Determiner

Multiplier

Fraction

Distributive

Double, twice, thrice, four times

Two-fifths, four-ninenth, five-sixth

Both, all, half

Exclamative What, such

Central-Determiner

Article

Demonstrative

Possessive

A, an, the

That, this, those, these

My, your, our, their

Post-Determiner

Adjective Phrase Very beautiful, extremely big

Prepositional Phrase

Preposition + object (on the table,

beside)

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Participle Phrase Are doing, has built

Infinitive Phrase

Relative Clause

To read, to walk

Who make me impressed, which was

built

The Table: 2.4 The kinds and the examples of modifier, Premodifier &

postmodifier (Djenar,2003:12

In a study according to budi found Interference on the inverse of the

phrase structure pattern, parallelization, absence of articles, lack of

sentence structure on the nature and pattern of phrases in relation to their

property, and all that there are head, premodifier and postmodifier.

1) Head

The most common head of a noun phrase was a noun. the simple

noun phrase is a pronoun that is able to build itself up as the noun

phrase. Beside noun phrase may consist of noun itself without any

other elemente (bare noun phrase), for example, books. Bare noun

phrase are possible for mass and plural nouns. The occurrence of a

pronoun noun and af a bare noun phrase is counted as a minimal noun

phrase.

According to Wisnu (2010) The structures of NPs are very

diverse, but the chief elements are these:

a) The head of an NP may be:

(1) a noun : (the " doll), (dear "Margaret), etc.

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(2) a pronoun : (" it), (" herself), (“ everyone (in the street)),

etc.

(3) (less usually) an adjective (the " absurd), an enumerator (all

" fifteen), H or a genitive phrase (" (John's))

2) A pre modifier

Premodfier is the element of a noun phrase that occurs

before or precedes the head oh a noun phrase. Pre modifier is an

adjective phrase, for instance: a red car and third pre-

modification is an adjective is red.

A pre modifier consist of a number of word clasess an in

specific order: an identifier numeral/ quatifier adjective and noun

modifier (Jakson, 1982: 67). The identifier includes article

definite the and indefinite a, an articles and gentivies as his, her.

The next pre modifier is numeral and a quatifier. That numeral

that may accur with the noun phrase is an ordinal or cardinal

number, the occurrence of ordinal number in noun phrase, her

first step may be combined with other elements for example the

first few hours. The cardinal number, two days and one bottle

may occur with an ordinal number.

The function in a noun phrase is attribute. Whereas,

quantifiers are some, many, several, much, no, few, little, every,

all, most, each, any. The occur as specifiers in noun phrase.an

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attribute of the noun for instance: The english students, wool

scarf.

a) The premodifiers of an NP may be :

(1) Determiners : (" this morning), ("what "a girl), etc.

(2) Enumerators : (" two eggs), (the "third man), etc.

(3) Adjectives : (" red shoes), ("older music), etc.

(4) Nouns : (a " garden fence), (a "gold ring), (" London

pubs), etc.

(5) Genitive phrases : (" (Fred's) whisky). ("(someone else's)

problems),etc.

(6) Adverbs (in initial position): (" quite a noise).

3) Post Modifier

The last part of a noun phrase is a postmodifier, The are

clause, prepositional phrase, adverb phrase and adjective phrase.

Their function in the occurrence of the noun phrase is as a

complement or an adjunct.

The first type of a post modifier is a clause. It is the part of a

noun phrase refers back to a head as a complement to give

detailed information about specify the head as an adjunct for

instance: the man who i saw yesterday, refers to the person

identified by the word man as the head of the noun phrase.

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A prepositional phrase occurs as a post modifier of the noun

phrase which function as a complement or an adjunct. In the noun

phrase, for instance: The man after me, The head is man, the

determiner is the and post modifier is the Prepositional phrase

after me.

An adverb phrase is also a post modifier of the noun phrase to

give information about time for instance: The morning and place,

for instance: In this morning.

Rarely happening post modifier is an adjective phrase. It

usually appears as a post modifier if the head is a pronoun, for

instance: Somebody strange. The adjective phrase normally does

not function as a post modifier except several phrase derived from

french such as blood royal and heir apparent (Jakson: 1982: 96)

Beside, the adjective phrase can occupy as the post modifier if it

is branched (Dwijatmoko: 2002: 16).

a) The postmodifiers an NP may be :

(1) Prepositional phrases : (the best day "PP (of my life)).

Relative clauses : (a quality "[which I admire])).

Various other types of modifier, including Adverbs (the

girl upstairs), Adjectives (Something "Adj nasty (in the

woodshed)), Noun Phrares in apposition (the bandicoot, MNP

(a tiny marsupial)), and other types of clause

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4). The Structure of english noun phrase

According to Green Baum and Nelson (2002: 48), there are

seven structures of noun phrase.

EnglishNoun phrase Example

Noun Books

Determiner + Noun those books

Verb+ N Return year

adj+N Old man

Adverb + N Only you

Num (Pre-modifier) + Noun Much water

Pre-modifier + Noun + Post-

modifier,

Some popular books on

astronomy

Table 2.5 The structure of english noun phrase Green Baum and

Nelson (2002: 48),

C. Differences of Indonesian Noun phrase and and English Noun phrase

stucture

There is the difference between English phrase and Indonesian phrase, in

English construction, phrase consisted of modifier +head word for example the

new + student, while the Indonesian structure is head word + modifier for

example murid + baru (student + new). It seemed that the difference cause phrase

interference from English to Indonesian language.

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The structure of difference Indonesian noun phrase and English noun

phrase According to Chaer2015& Khairan 2014 & noun phrase in english Green

Baum and Nelson (2002: 48).

Noun Phrase On “An Introduction to English Grammar”,According

Greenbaum and Nelson (2002: 48) mention that a noun phrase was a phrase

whose main word is a noun.

Indonesian Noun Phrase English Noun Phrase

Noun + Noun

e.g: Buku buku

Noun

e.g: Books

Noun+Art(Det)

e.g: Rumah ini

Determiner + Noun

e.g: This house

noun + verb

e.g: Menulis buku

Verb+ N

e.g: Writing book

noun + adjective

e.g: Keluarga saya

adj+N

e.g: My family

adverb + noun

e.g: sangat berbahaya

Adverb + N

e.g: extremely dangerous

Num(Pre-modifier)+N

e.g: Two months

Num (Pre-modifier) + Noun

e.g: Dua bulan

Prep+Noun

e.g: on the bathroom

Pre-modifier + Noun + Post modifier, N+N(Post-modifier)

e.g:The women in the window

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TheTable 2.6 The differences ofIndonesian noun phrase and english noun

phrase structure Chaer2015& Khairan 2014 & noun phrase in

english Green Baum and Nelson (2002: 48).

The interference phenomeneon has really serious problem. There are

different structure between Indonesian and English noun phrase, but in Indonesian

structure, it cannot help to determine the part of speech. Forexample, in English

the words that have suffixe –tion it is definitely a noun,or theword suffixe –ly is

adverb, but in Indonesian, the words that have preffix ter- not necessarily includes

a verb, because there are also noun, such as terdakwa and tertuduh. The difficulty

in mastering certain structures in a second language depended on the difference

between the learners' mother language and the language they were trying to learn.

The Predection the interference of Indonesian noun phrase and english

noun phrase.According to Pudiyono‘s research (2012:6) The structural of

Indonesian language can be influenced in practice by Indonesian students.

Indoesian Noun phrase English Noun phrase

- Murid baru (N+Adj) - Student new (Adj+N)

- Siswa itu N+Art(Det) - Student this (N+Det)

- Cinta ibu (Adj+N) - Love mom.(Adj+N)

- Makanan kesukaan (N+Adj) - Food favorite (N+adj)

- Dua telur (det (plural)+n) - Two eggs (det+noun)

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- Ini adalah hari terbaik dalam

hidupku (Art+N+prep+N)

- This is the best day my life

(Det+verb+NP+in+NP)

- Seorang Ibu yang citra temui.

(Art+N+Relative

clause+sub+Verb)

- a mother whom met citra

(Det+N+Relative clause+sub)

TheTable 2.7 Predection of The interference of Indonesian noun phrase and

English noun phrase.

There was the difference between Indonesian phraseandEnglish phrase,

in Indonesian structureis head word +modifier for example murid +baru (student

+ new).While the English construction, phrase consist ofmodifier +head word

forexample the new + student,. Itseem that thedifference cause phrase interference

from English toIndonesian language.

Foodfavorite

Actually in the phrase kesukaan makan (favorite food), the interference

was not only in the structure. As the previous data, there was English interference

in kesukaan makan (favorite food). Using English pattern modifier +head word.

Conversely, Indonesian phrase construction was headword + modifier, so the

noun phrase should be, Oh food, (makanan)kesukaan,banyak kata panjang ya

?(Oh food, favorite food, alot of long words huh? ).

1. Similarities between Indonesian and English

The similarty of Indonesian structure and English in the noun phrase and

sentence I did not find in previous research or science experts. so in languages,

26

it was difficult to find similarty because different language and was impossible

to compare especially in terms of structure.

E. Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of research was described as follow:

The conceptual frameworks above described the research conducted by

the researcher. The students faced many problems in learning English. was their

noun phrase in Writing English because there was interference of Indonesian into

English Writing.

It helped the research to found some interference, particularly in using

noun phrase. The research made a list of interference to find out what interference

were made by students in writing carriy out the interference namely noun phrase.

Noun phrase

Interferences

Figure 2.1 Conceptual framework

Indonesian NP English NP

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Based on problem, the research found some interference, but only focus

on interference of indonesian noun phrase into English in noun phrase made by

eight grade SMAIslam Terpadu Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar.

This research discusses about the interference indonesian noun phrase

into english writing, The research began from writing because the students

sometimes use their indonesian than often contains error when they are writing

English. Writing according to Hammill and Bartel in thesis Irmala (2016) have

said, that writing is the highest as well as the last form of communication to be

mastered in which people actually transfer their thoughts, feelings, and ideas to

paper.

In writing divided into many types. The writer choose the descriptive

textbecause the reason wasthat people can describe the thought of written on

paper and describe a place through writing the descriptive textand make it easier

for readers to understand what the meaning of the descriptive text.

In the theory so that it is possible that the students find it difficult to

learn the interference. Sudipa (2010) in his thesis, He finds that the cause of the

interference is a lack of understanding and lack of words written so that they

translate directly from the concept of mother tongue into English. it was means

that they mostly apply all the grammar indonesian language they mastered in

English, while not all grammar in one language has the same characteristics with

another, example regular and irregular.

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According Supriyanto (2013: 287) in her thesis said the writer find some

categories of syntactical interference. It consists of three classes, there are in

sentence,phrase, and diction. The dominant interference was in the phrase class.

The students did the grammatical interference in using noun phrase in

their descriptive text. According Jakson in thesis Dharma (2010: 14).In general, a

noun phrase in English is composed potentionally three parts: A head, Pre

modification and post modification. The head of the noun is the obligatory, it is a

minimal requirement for the occurrence of the a noun phras. The other two parts,

a pre modification and post modification.

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

A. Research Design

The researcher used the descritive qualitativeresearch. Descritive

qualitative research was defined as the writer that focused on the interfernce of

indonesian noun phrase and english noun phrase. Sugiyono (2012: 1) ) Explains

the qualitative research method is a research method used to examine the

condition of natural objects, where the researcher is the key instrument, the data

collection technique is done in a triangulation (combined), the data analysis is

inductive where the research results emphasize the meaning of on generalizations.

The research was conducted by used: “Contrastive Method”,because the

writer only to describe the both of language. In dealing with the definition above,

contrastive was one way to compare two language there were first language as

indonesian and second language as english in noun phrase because contrastive can

also help to reduce interference from the mother tongue in learning foreign

languages in the language error analysis book page 11.

According to Kardalesja (2006) added that contrastive analysis from both

languages;first language and second language; always refers to the specific

characteristics. These specific characteristics are associated with both language

systems, which is believed to be useful in the anticipation of possible difficulties

encountered in second language learning; in which one ofthe difficulties

associated with the interference of the mother tongue or first language. On the

30

other hand, contrastive analysis plays important role infacilitating learner

acquiring second language.

30

Using the contrastive Method to find the difference of them. The

difference in two language the would be predicted the difficulty and interference

that appears during learning the second language. This research focused on The

interference of Indonesian into English noun phrase.

B. Variable and Indicators

1. Variable

The variables of this research would be the type of descriptive variables

to the interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English in noun phareses.

2. Indicators

Indicators of this research was interferences that found the form

interferenceof Indonesian into English in noun phrase (Pre-modifier, head,

post-modifier).

C. Population and Sample

1. Population

The population of this research was student at SMA Islam Terpadu at

eighth grade. The population of the research was Smp Islam Terpadu Wahdah

Islamiyah Makassar. There were three classes consisting of XI IPA B2, XI

IPA B3 and XI IPS B1.So there were all 93 students.

2. Sample

The research used purposive sampling as the technique for selecting

sampling. The number of population was 93 students. According to Arikunto

(1996:117) if the number of population was too big to be investigated. A

researcher can take 10%, - 15%, or -20% -25% of the population as sample.

31

The writer chosen 25% of the population which was equal to 23 students.

This 23 students took as subject based on the criteriaon the students who

came from the indonesian.

D. Research Instrument

The instrument of this study would be writing test. The writer used 23

pieces of students’ paper consisting of outlines to write the descriptive text to

treat the same theme of students’ writing. The students wouldbe asked to

write a descriptive text. The students would be given 90 minutes to finish it.

The students would be free to choose any topic from the writer provided 3

topic descriptive about their parents, friends and favorit people.

E. Technique of Data Collection

In collecting the data, the writer did the steps as follows:

1. The writer met the teacher to inform and know the schedule.

2. In the next meeting, the writer employed direct observation in the first

step to got the data. The observation was administered in classroom and

writer distributed the writing text to the students.

3. The students would be asked to write descriptive text in a piece of paper.

4. The writer explained about the rules of writing a descriptive text and also

suggested the students to used noun phrase.

5. The writer gave the outline to guide them in writing a descriptive text and

the answer sheet were for the students’ writing.

6. After that, the writer identifies the elements that constitute the noun

phrases. Then, the writer classified the noun phrases according to their

32

types. The next step was to count the number of the noun phrase according

to their kinds. By doing so, the most common kinds of the noun phrase

could be identified. At last, the writer put the data into a table that helped

the writer to analyze effectively.

F. Data Analysis

The data analysis used in this research is the data analysis technique of Miles

and Huberman's model (in Ghony and Almanshur, 2014: 307-310) states that

qualitative data analysis used words that are always arranged in an expanded or

described text and model analysis.

Miles and Huberman's model (in Ghony and Almanshur, 2014: 307-310)

analysis consists of three activities that occur simultaneously: data reduction, data

presentation, drawing conclusions/verification.

1. Data Reduction

Data reduction is a process of selecting, focusing on simplifying,

abstracting, and transforming “rough” data. Data reduction in this research

was conducted by collecting data related to the forms of the interference of

Indonesian noun phrases into English noun phareses and the dominant of the

interference of Indonesian noun phrases into English phrases.

2. Data Display

Data display was present the data that had been reduced, thus the researcher

could draw conclusions. Data was usually presented in various forms, such

as tables, descriptions, or charts. In this research, the data presented in the

form of description and also tables.

33

3. Conclusion Drawing/Verification

The last step for analysis the data according to Miles and Huberman was

drawing conclusion/verification. The researcher concluded the data based on

the answer of the students from the writing test.

The researcher presents the steps taken in analyzing the data developed

from the Miles and Huberman model as follows:

a. Observe and check back the data that has been obtained.

b. Identifying the structure of phrases consisting of seven types of

formulas According Chaer2015 and Khairan 2014 Green Baum and

Nelson (2002: 48).

c. Identify the noun phrase category consisting of head, premodifier and

post modifier .

d. Organizing or grouping data based on the formulation of the problem,

e. Describe one by one the data analysis that has been checked and

approved by the triangulator in a detailed and structured manner.

33

CHAPTER IV

FINDING AND DISCUSSION

This chapter consists of two sections, the findings of the research and the

discussions of the findings.

A. Findings

The findings in this section were based on the analysis according to of

Miles and Huberman's model (in Ghony and Almanshur, 2014: 307-310). the data

collected through descriptive text. The research classified students' interference

based on her problem statements to find the difference in language at eleventh

grade through the kinds of interference of Indonesian noun phrases and English

noun phrases. Then, divided into three parts head, premodifier, and postmodifier

based on the research instruments in the third chapter.

1. The kinds of interference of Indonesian noun phrase and english noun

phrases. According Chaer 2015 & Khairan 2014 Green Baum and Nelson

(2002: 48).

a. Indonesian noun phrase structure (Noun + Noun) to english noun

phrase (Noun)

- Aktivitas aktivitas = Activities

b. Indonesian noun phrase structure (Noun + Art (Det)) to english noun

phrase (Determiner + Noun)

- Universitas itu = That Univesity

34

c. Indonesian noun phrase structure (Noun + verb) to english noun

phrase (Verb+ N)

- Halaman parkir = Parking yard

d. Indonesian noun phrase structure (Noun + adjective) to english noun

phrase (adj+N)

- Anak anak pintar = Smart kids

e. Indonesian noun phrase structure(Noun + Adverb) to english noun

phrase (Adverb + N)

- Air saja = Water only

f. Indonesian noun phrase structure(Noun + premodifier) to english noun

phrase (Num (Pre-modifier) + Noun)

- Kursi ketiga = Third seat

g. Indonesian noun phrase structure(Noun + post modifier) to english

noun phrase(Pre-modifier + Noun + Post modifier)

- Di kota makassar = In the city of Makassar

B. Discussion

The findings are described base on the descriptive writing above, Below

are the description of findings by referring to the formulated research question in

problem statments.

The English as the second language has different structure from

indonesian language in noun phrase as the mother tongue language of students at

SMA Wahdah IT Makassar. Some interference of English noun phrase do not

exist in Indonesian structure in a noun phrase, and some the kinds of interference

35

of Indonesian noun phrase and an English noun phrase, English head,

premodifiear, and postmodifier are different from Indonesian. These differences

made the students of Sma Islam Terpadu Makassar tend to be difficult to write

those structures in descriptive writing. They tended to substitute those structures

with Indonesian writing. Here, the interferences those are under discussion are just

noun phrase are the head, premodifier, and postmodifier based on the scope of this

research.

The found data shows that all the students make interference in noun

phrases when tried to write the descriptive writing such as head, premodifier, and

postmodifier the reverse of the word Budi, I have said before, those are absent in

the Indonesian language. Most of those descriptions the student makes in noun

phrases caused by interference of the Indonesian language. The finding above

shows that the students tended to substitute those English grammatical in writing,

with other grammatical which are included or not included in Indonesian

grammatical. The substitution of these English noun phrases with Indonesian

grammatical by the students can be said as the interference of the Indonesian

language. While the substitution of the English noun phrases with noun phrases

that are not Indonesian structure can no be said as the interference of the

Indonesian language.

Based on the The findings were some forms of the interference

indonesian into english noun phrase by students which will described by one.

36

Part

icip

ant

Indonesian naun

phrase

English noun

phrase Evaluations

The kinds

of

interfernce

s

1.1 Nama saudara

perempuan saya Name my sister

My sister’s

name Adj+ Noun

1.2 Buka kamar

sebelah Open the room

Open the next

room

Verb +

Noun

1.3 Di jln ujung bori In jln ujung bori At ujung bori

street Adv+noun

1.4 Sebuah tas mahal A expensive red

bag

An expensive

red bag

(Num (Pre-

modifier) +

Noun)

1.5 Rambut panjang

lurus hitam

Long straight hair

back

Long straight

back hair Adj+Noun

1.6 Saudara terbaik Sister the best The best sister Adj+Noun

2.1 Dua pekan lalu Two week Two weeks ago

Num (Pre-

modifier) +

Noun

2.2 Anak pintar Children smart Smart child Adj+Noun

2.3 Pohon tumbang Tree fallen Fallen tree Verb+Noun

2.4 kulit putih Skin white white skin Adj+Noun

2.5 Sebuah robot

tansformasi

Robot

transfermen

A

transformation

robot

Num (Pre-

modifier) +

Noun

2.6 Rumah paman Home uncle Uncle's house

Adj+Noun

2.7 Tempat belanja Place buy Shopping Noun

3.1 Pintu masuk Door come The Entrance

Num (Pre-

modifier) +

Noun

3.2 Mata coklat Eye brown Brown eyes Adj+Noun

3.3 Semen pasir Cement sand Sand cement Adj+Noun

3.4 Itu kata dia That say his That's what he

said

Determiner

+ Noun

3.5 Enam anak anak Six child Six children

Num (Pre-

modifier) +

37

Noun

3.6

Tolong ibu

hubungi saudara

laki lakimu

Help mom, call

my brother

help mom

contact your

brother

Verb+Noun

3.7 Cepat jalan Walk quickly Walk quickly Adv+Noun

3.8 Di kamar tidur In room In the bedroom

Post

modifier+N

oun

4.1 Sayadan saudara

saya Me and my sister I and my brother Adj+Noun

4.2

Setiap pagi

Makanan

makanan

every morning

foods

Every morning

food meals

Adverb + N

4.3 Wanita kuat A strong women Strong women Adj+Noun

4.4 Jus alpukat Juice avocado Avocado juice Adj+Noun

4.5 Me moodboster I moodboster I’m moodboster Adj+Noun

5.1 Laki laki ganteng He handsome Handsome man Adj+Noun

5.2 Pulang kampung Back hometown back to

hometown

Adverb + N

5.3 Di bangku

sekolah in bench school In school

Pre-

modifier +

Noun +

Post

modifier,

5.4 Murid Ibu evy Students mom

evy

Mom Evy

students

Adj+Noun

5.5

Saya kehilangan

uang saya di

jalan.

I lost the my

money in the

street.

I lost my money

in the street.

Pre-

modifier +

Noun +

Post

modifier

5.6 di sekolah semua

siswa

in school all

student

in all students'

school

Post

modifier +

Noun

5.7 kepala sekolah

smp

The head master

smp

The principal of

junior high

school

Adj+Noun

6.1 Pertolongan dia Her helps Help her Verb+ N

6.2 Rambut rambut

boneka Doll hair hair Doll hairs Adj+Noun

6.3 Sebuah

kehormatan The honor An honor

Determiner

38

+ Noun

6.4 Seorang kakak

laki laki My brother an older brother

Adverb + N

7.1 Dengankumis

tipis

With tihing

mustache

With tihin

mustache Adverb + N

7.2 Menjaga senyum

dia Keep smile Keeps her smile

Adj+Noun

7.3 Kita bertengkar We fight We fought Verb+ N

7.4 Seorang pria 20

tahun a 20 year man

a man of 20

years

Noun+Art(

Det)

7.5 Seperti umur 10

tahun

Ast like a 10

years old

Like 10 years

old Adverb + N

7.6 Memotong kue

kue manis

Cut sweet cake

cake

Cut the sweet

cakes Verb+ N

8.1 Dia mempunyai She hes She has Verb+ N

8.2 Di jalan ujung

bori In jln.ujung bori

At the end of the

bori road

Pre-

modifier +

Noun +

Post

modifier

8.3 Seorang siswa She student A student Determiner

+ Noun

8.4 Saudara terbaik Sister the best The Best sister Adj+Noun

9.1 Belajar bersama

sama Study togethers Study together Adverb + N

9.2 Universitas

Makassar

Universitas

Makassar

University of

Makassar Noun

9.3 Pekerja keras Hard work Hard worker Adj+Noun

9.4 Membersihkan

sebagaian lantai Clean of the part

Clean part of the

floor

Verb+

Noun

9.5 Makan sayur

sayur kemarin Eat vegetables

ate vegetables

yesterday

Verb+

Noun

9.6 Gemar bersepeda loving cycling Love cycling Verb+

Noun

10.1 Nampak seperti

malaikat Look likes angel

Looks like an

angel

Adverb+No

un

10.2 Wanita cantik Beatifull women Beautiful

woman Adj+Noun

10.3 Jatuh cinta Falling love Fall in love Verb+

Noun

10.4 Memukul mereka Hit they Hit them Verb+

39

Noun

11.1 Mendapatkan

nilai bagus Getgood grade Got good grades

Verb+

Noun

11.2 Dua pahlawan Two hero Two heroes

Determiner

+ Noun

11.3 Sangat

mencintaiku Loving me

Extremely

loving me

Adverb +

Noun

11.4 Sistem

pendukung saya

My system

support

My support

system

Adj+Noun

11.5 Banyak masalah Many problem Many problems Adj+Noun

11.6 Anak perempuan

pewaris saya heir daughter me

Daughter of my

heir

Adj+Noun

11.7 Bisa

menggambarkan Can describes Can describe

Verb+

Noun

11.8

Pagi ini kita

berangkat ke

Makassar naik

bus.

We go to

Makassar by bus

on this morning.

We go to

Makassar by bus

this morning.

Pre-

modifier +

Noun +

Post

modifier

12.1 Ibu terakhir saya My mother the

last My last mother

Adj+Noun

12.2 Warna favorit dia Colour her

favorite

Her favorite

color

Adj+Noun

12.3 Wanita kuat Strong woman Woman strong Adj+Noun

12.4 Bersih kembali Back clean Clean back Verb+

Noun

12.5

Bepergian

ibuku,bepergian

bersamaku

Travel my mom,

my mom trsavel

My mother

travels, travels

with me

Verb+

Noun

13.1 Teman kelas My classmale Classmate Noun

13.2 bersekolah dia She school Attended school

him Adj+Noun

13.3 Kelas dua

belasSma

Twelve senior

high school

Twelfth grade

Senior high

school

Num (Pre-

modifier) +

Noun

13.4 mengunjungi

sekolah kita visit our school

visited our

school

Verb+

Noun

13.5 Mendapatkan

perstasi saya my achieve get

Get my

achievements

Verb+

Noun

13.6 Teman teman

bahagia Friends happy Happy friends Adj+Noun

13.7 Surga Jannah haven Heaven Noun

14.1 Kami telah We spend time We spent time Verb+

40

menghabiskan

waktu

Noun

14.2 Gadis pintar Smarts girl Clever girl Adj+Noun

14.3 Bau bunga Smellflowers fragrant flowers Adj+Noun

15.1 Jus avaqado Jus Avaqado Avaqado juice Adj+Noun

15.2 Makanan

saudaraku My sister food

My brother's

food

Adj+Noun

15.3 Kumis tipis A tihin mustache thin moustache Adj+Noun

15.4 Banyak aktivitas Many activity Many activities Adj+Noun

15.5 Anak cerdas Children smart Smart child Adj+Noun

15.6 Berusia 10 tahun a 10 year old 10 years old Determiner

+ Noun

16.1 Belajar bersama Study together Studying

together

Adverb +

Noun

16.2 Pelajaran

matematika sulit Math lesson

Difficult math

lessons Adj + Noun

16.3 Pelajaran Sangat

penting More important

very important

lesson

Adverb +

Noun

16.4 Banyak sabar dan

baik hati

Many patient and

kind

Much patient

and kind

(Num (Pre-

modifier) +

Noun)

17.1 Seorang istri A house wife A housewife

Determine

+ Noun

17.2 Rumah sakit

terbesar.

The most biggest

hospital.

The biggest

hospital.

Adj+Noun

17.3 Mata hitam Eyes black Black eye Adj+Noun

17.4 kulit putih White skin White skin Adj+Noun

17.5 Kecantikan ibuku My mother

beauty

My mother's

beauty

Adj+Noun

17.6 Mencintai dia Loves her Love her Verb+Adj

17.7 wanita pebisnis Business woman business woman Noun+Adj

18.1

Ibu saya adalah

perempuan baik

hati

My mom is girl

kaind

My mother is a

kind woman

Verb+

Noun

18.2 Gigi yang buruk A bad tooth Bad teeth Adj+Noun

18.3 Orang yang

paling suportif

Most supportive

people

The most

supportive

person

Adv+Noun

18.4 Wanita yang luar

biasa

A amazing

women What a woman Adj+Noun

18.5 Usia tua A old age Old age Adj+Noun

19.1 Dengan rambut

keriting With curling hair with curly hair

Num (Pre-

modifier) +

41

Noun

19.2

Punya

beraktivitas

penting

Haveactivity

important

Have important

activities

Verb +

Noun

19.3 Menontong Tv Watch Tv Watching TV Adj+Noun


19.5 Dia berumur Hes age He’s aged Verb+

Noun

19.6 kulit sawo matang Skin tan Brown skin Adj+Noun

19.7 Berenang

bersama

Swimming

together Swim together

Verb+

Noun

20.1 Daerah jawa Javanese Java area Adj+Noun

20.2 PNS Civil servant Civil servant Adj+Noun

20.3 Kompensasi kerja Worked

compensations

Work

compensation Verb+adj

20.4 di rumah sakit

terbesar

in of the biggest

hospital

in the biggest

hospital

Num (Pre-

modifier) +

Noun)

20.5 Seorang terapi an/A therapist An therapy Determiner

+ Noun

20.6 lawan dirimu

sendiri Fighting yourself fight yourself Verb+noun

20.7 Banyakk

pelajaran Much lesson Lots of lessons

Adj+Noun

20.8 Orang tua yang

mengagumkan Awesome parent

Amazing

parents

Adj+Noun

20.9 Banyak uang Many money A lot of money Adj+Noun

20.1

0 Kebaikan mereka Their kind Their kindness

Adj+Noun

20.1

1

Gambar yang tak

terlukiskan

Indescribable

picture

Indescribable

picture Adj+Noun

21.1 Berapa banyak

manusia

How many

human

how many

humans Adv+Noun

21.2 tangan besar itu That hand big that big hand Determiner

+ Noun

21.3 Mencoba

memakai Try wear Try wearing Verb+Noun

21.4 Sepatu ayah saya My dad shoes My dad's shoes Adj+Noun

21.5 Rasakan berjalan Feeling walking Feel walking Verb +

Noun

21.6 Tiang berjalan The walking pole The walking

pole Adj+Noun

21.4 Pedofilia A phedophilra Apedophilia Determiner

+ Noun

21.5 Salah siapa saja Anyone fault everyone's fault Adj+Noun

42

22.1 Ayahku orang

terbaik

My father the best

people

My father the

best person Adj+Noun

22.2 Berdoa di malam

hari Praysat night Pray at night

Noun +

Post

modifier

22.3 Hidup yang sulit Hard live Hard life Adj+Noun

22.4 orang terkenal People famous famous people Adj+Noun

23.1 Sinar mentari

saya My sunshines My sunshine Adj+Noun

23.2 Mata tersenyum Eyes smiiles Smiling eyes Adj+Noun

23.3 Fakta fakta Fact facts Facts Noun

Table 4.1: The interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English writing in the

kinds of interference of Indonesian noun phrase and english noun

phrase.

Based on the writing test of the students above: on the descriptive writing

test, there were (23) twenty-three from all student (23) twenty-three made

interferences in the kinds of interference of Indonesian noun phrase and English

noun phrase. The students wrote it by noun phrase on descriptive writing.

1) Data: Based on the descriptive writing of the students above. On the

writing test. There are (7 ) seven kinds of interference of Indonesian noun

phrases and English noun phrases. interference written by the students in

noun phrases. There was (4) four interference who written by the

students in the structure of the Noun. there was (17) seventeen

interference who written by the students in the structure of Det + Noun.

There was (23) twenty three interference who written by the students in

the structure of the verb + noun. there was (62) sixty-two interference

who written by the students in the structure of Adj + Noun. There was

(14) fourteen interference who written by the students in the structure of

43

the adv + Noun. there was (5) fiveinterference who written by the

students in the structure of Num (premodifier) + Noun. There was (8)

eight interference who written by the students in the structure of the

premodifier + noun + postmodifier. So all the interference of noun

phrases made by students was (133)one hundred and thirty three.

2) Analysis: There was a difference in Indonesian and English both in

writing, especially in adj+noun from the kinds of interference of

Indonesian noun phrase and English noun phrase. in English was students

forgot to structure nounphrases were placement noun, wrong form of the

noun, double of determiner, enumerator, adjective. the interference

difficult to distinguish nouns and adjective, prepositional phrases.

because language sometimes is written down and many similar

prepositions with almost had some meaning. They did not what

preposition to use in prepositional phrase many students still omit

preposition. Relative clause the students failed to identify what kind of

relative clause should be used all relative clause students knows

who,which,whose,whom and what, have same meaning in their mother

tongue.

3) Conclusion: Based on the analysis of the data above, the writer concludes

that students of the interference of Indonesian into English writing in the

noun phrase. the most interference in the form adjective + noun then verb

+ noun then adv + noun, then determiner + noun, then num (premodifier)

+ noun is the same as (premodifier) + noun + postmodifier, the last

44

interference with the least is Noun made by the eleventh grade of SMA

IT Wahdah Makassar.

From Jakson in thesis Dharma (2010: 14). A noun phrase divide into

three parts: A head, Pre modifier and post modifier. this theory have in common

with this research.

1. The interference in head

Participant Indonesia noun phrase English noun phrase Evaluations

1

1

Nama saudara

perempuan saya

Name my sister

My sister’s

name

2 buka kamar sebelah Open the room

open the next

room

3

Rambut panjang lurus

hitam

Long straight hair

back

Long straight

back hair

4 Saudara terbaik Sister the best The best sister

2

1 Anak pintar Children smart Smart child

2 Pohon tumbang Tree fallen Fallen tree

3 kulit putih Skin white white skin

4 Rumah paman Home uncle

Uncle's house

5 Tempat belanja Place buy Shopping

3

1 Mata coklat Eye brown Brown eyes

2 Semen pasir Cement sand Sand cement

45

3 Tolong ibu hubungi

saudara laki lakimu

Help mom, call my

brother

help mom

contact your

brother

4

1 Saya dan saudara saya Me and my sister

I and my

brother

2 Setiap pagi Makanan

makanan every morning foods

Every morning

food meals

3 Wanita kuat A strong women Strong women

4 Me moodboster I moodboster

I’m mood

booster

5

1 Laki laki ganteng He handsome Handsome man

2 Murid Ibu evy Students mom evy

Mom Evy

students

3 kepala sekolah smp The head master smp

The principal of

junior high

school

6

1 Pertolongan dia Her helps Help her

2 Rambut rambut

boneka Doll hair hair Doll hairs

7

1 Dengankumis tipis

With tihing

mustache

With tihin

mustache

2 Menjaga senyum dia Keep smile Keeps her smile

3 Kita bertengkar We fight We fought

4 Seperti umur 10 tahun

Ast like a 10 years

old

Like 10 years

old

5 Memotong kue kue

manis Cut sweet cake cake

Cut the sweet

cakes

8

1 Dia mempunyai She hes She has

2 Saudara terbaik Sister the best The Best sister

9

1 Belajar bersama sama Study togethers Study together

2 Universitas makassar

Universitas

Makassar

University of

Makassar

3 Pekerja keras Hard work Hard worker

4 Membersihkan


Clean part of

the floor

46

5 Makan sayur sayur

kemarin Eat vegetables

ate vegetables

yesterday

6 Gemar bersepeda loving cycling Love cycling

10

1 Nampak seperti


Looks like an

angel

2 Wanita cantik Beatifull women

Beautiful

woman

3 Jatuh cinta Falling love Fall in love

4 Memukul mereka Hit they Hit them

11

1 Mendapatkan nilai

bagus Getgood grade

Got good

grades

2 Sangat mencintaiku Loving me

Extremely

loving me

3 Sistem pendukung

saya My system support

My support

system

4 Banyak masalah Many problem Many problems

5 Anak perempuan


Daughter of my

heir

6 Bisa menggambarkan Can describes Can describe

12

1 Ibu terakhir saya My mother the last My last mother

2 Warna favorit dia Colour her favorite

Her favorite

color

3 Wanita kuat Strong woman Woman strong

4 Bersih kembali Back clean Clean back

5 Bepergian

ibuku,bepergian

bersamaku

Travel my mom, my

mom trsavel

My mother

travels, travels

with me

13

1 Teman kelas My classmale Classmate

2 bersekolah dia She school

Attended

school him

3 mengunjungi sekolah

kita visit our school

visited our

school

4 Mendapatkan perstasi

saya my achieve get

Get my

achievements

5 Teman teman bahagia Friends happy Happy friends

47

6 Surga Jannah haven Heaven

14

1 Kami telah

menghabiskan waktu We spend time We spent time

2 Gadis pintar Smarts girl Clever girl

3 Bau bunga Smellflowers fragrant flowers

15

1 Jus avaqado Jus Avaqado Avaqado juice

2 Makanan saudaraku My sister food

My brother's

food

3 Kumis tipis A tihin mustache thin moustache

4 Banyak aktivitas Many activity Many activities

5 Anak cerdas Children smart Smart child

16

1 Belajar bersama Study together

Studying

together

2 Pelajaran matematika

sulit Math lesson

Difficult math

lessons

3 Pelajaran Sangat


very important

lesson

17

1 Rumah sakit terbesar.

The most biggest

hospital.

The biggest

hospital.

2 Mata hitam Eyes black Black eye

3 kulit putih White skin White skin

4 Kecantikan ibuku My mother beauty

My mother's

beauty

5 Mencintai dia Loves her Love her

6 wanita pebisnis Business woman

business

woman

18

1 Ibu saya adalah

perempuan baik hati

My mom is girl

kaind

My mother is a

kind woman

2 Gigi yang buruk A bad tooth Bad teeth

3 Orang yang paling

suportif

Most supportive

people

The most

supportive

person

4 Wanita yang luar

biasa A amazing women What a woman

48

5 Usia tua A old age Old age

6 Punya beraktivitas

penting

Haveactivity

important

Have important

activities

7 Menontong Tv Watch Tv Watching TV

19

1 Banyak aktivitas Many activity Many activities

2 Dia berumur Hes age He’s aged

3 kulit sawo matang Skin tan Brown skin

4 Berenang bersama Swimming together Swim together

20

1 Daerah jawa Javanese Java area

2 PNS Civil servant Civil servant

3 Kompensasi kerja

Worked

compensations

Work

compensation

4 lawan dirimu sendiri Fighting yourself fight yourself

5 Banyakk pelajaran Much lesson Lots of lessons

6 Orang tua yang


Amazing

parents


8 Gambar yang tak

terlukiskan Indescribable picture

Indescribable

picture

21

1 Berapa banyak

manusia How many human

how many

humans

2 Mencoba memakai Try wear Try wearing

3 Sepatu ayah saya My dad shoes My dad's shoes

4 Rasakan berjalan Feeling walking Feel walking

5 Salah siapa saja Anyone fault everyone's fault

22

1 Ayahku orang terbaik

My father the best

people

My father the

best person

2 Berdoa di malam hari Praysat night Pray at night

49

3 Hidup yang sulit Hard live Hard life

4 orang terkenal People famous famous people

23

1 Sinar mentari saya My sunshines My sunshine

2 Mata tersenyum Eyes smiiles Smiling eyes

3 Fakta fakta Fact facts Facts

Table 4.2. The interference of Indonesiannoun phrase into English noun phrases

in head.


test of the interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English writing in head


writing test. There were (103) one hundred and three from (23)twenty-

three all students, the interferences, and (133) one hundred thirty three

made by students interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English

writing in head.


writing, especially in head of noun phrases in English was students forgot

to structure noun phrases in placement noun and the wrong form of the

noun, according to Wisnu(2010) there are two types of head interference

made by students they were: wrong placement noun was that noun should

be written after the modifiers. these types of interferences occour because

such rules is different with the rules of sentence in indonesian language

and wrong form of noun was the students failed to identify what kind of

50

noun should be used in the noun phrase example a noun can be plural or

singular. The notion of plural and singular can be confusing the students

because in their mother tongue’s rule there is no difference in form

between plural and singular. There were 4 interference who written by the

students in noun. There were 23 interference who written by the students

in verb+noun. There were 62 interference who written by the students in

adj+noun and the last There were 14 interference who written by the

students in noun.



noun phrase especially head. the most interference in the form adjective +

noun than verb + noun then adv + noun, then determiner + noun. These

interferences Noun phrases made by the eleventh grade of SMA IT

Wahdah Makassar the most interference of Indonesian noun phrase into

English writing washead.

2. The interference in premodifier

Participant Indonesia noun phrase English noun phrase Evaluation

1 1 Sebuah tas mahal A expensive red bag

An expensive

red bag

2

1 Dua pekan lalu Two week

Two weeks

ago

2 Sebuah robot

tansformasi Robot transfermen

A

transformatio

n robot

51

3

1 Pintu masuk Door come The Entrance

2 Itu kata dia That say his

That's what

he said

3 Enam anak anak Six child Six children

5 1 Saya kehilangan uang

saya di jalan.

I lost the my money

in the street.

I lost my

money in the

street.

6 1 Sebuah kehormatan The honor An honor

2 Seorang kakak laki

laki My brother

an older

brother

7 1 Seorang pria 20 tahun a 20 year man

a man of 20

years

8 1 Seorang siswa She student A student

11 1 Dua pahlawan Two hero Two heroes

13 1 Kelas dua belas Sma

Twelve senior high

school

Twelfth

grade Senior

high school

15 1 Berusia 10 tahun a 10 year old 10 years old

16 1 Banyak sabar dan baik

hati

Many patient and

kind

Much patient

and kind

17 1 Seorang istri

A house wife A housewife

19 1 Dengan rambut

keriting With curling hair

with curly

hair

20

1 Seorang terapi an/A therapist An therapy

2 Banyak uang Many money

A lot of

money

21

1 Tangan besar itu That hand big that big hand

2 Tiang berjalan The walking pole

The walking

pole

3 Pedofilia A phedophilra Apedophilia

Table 4.3 The interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English noun

phrases in premodifier.

52


test of the interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English writing in

premodifier.


writing test. There were (22) twenty-twofrom (15)fifteen students, the

interferences, and (133) one hundred thrty three made by students

interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English writing in head.


writing, especially in premodifier of noun phrases in English was

students forgot to structure noun phrases in determiners, enumerator and

adjective interference. determiners it was quite difficult for some

students to write the form of noun phrases using correct Determiner +

Noun student made interferences was (17) seventeen and there were 5

interference who written by the students in (Num (Pre-modifier) +

Noun). For example a elephant, the students made interferences in

choosing right articles, the students may thought that a is always identical

with consonant, still didn’t understand the difference between a and an

the students also made interference double articles. Enumerator was the

students should used second instead two. adjective interference. was

students still found difficulty in differentiating between noun and

adjectives instead the most biggest wave in losari.



53

noun phrase especially premodifier. the most interference in the form

Determiner + Noun and Num (Pre-modifier) + Noun. These interferences

Noun phrases made by the eleventh grade of SMA IT Wahdah Makassar

the second interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English writing

by students waspremodifier.

3. The interference in postmodifier

Participant Indonesia noun phrase English noun phrase Evaluation

1 1 Di jln ujung bori In jln ujung bori

At ujung bori

street

3 1 Di kamar tidur In room

In the

bedroom

5

1 Di bangku sekolah in bench school In school

2 Hari ini ke rumah

nenek

day this to house

grandmother

Today to

grandma's

house

3 di sekolah semua

siswa in school all student

in all

students'

school

8 1 Di jalan ujung bori In jln.ujung bori

At the end of

the bori road

11 1

Pagi ini kita berangkat

ke Makassar naik bus.

We go to Makassar

by bus on this

morning.

We go to

Makassar by

bus this

morning.

20 1 di rumah sakit terbesar

in of the biggest

hospital

in the biggest

hospital

Table 4.4 The interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English noun

phrases in postmodifier.

54


test of the interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English writing in post

modifier.


writing test. There were (8) eight from (6) six students, the interferences,

and (133) one hundred thirty threemade by students interference of

Indonesian noun phrase into English writing in post modifier.


writing, especially in post modifier of noun phrases in English was

students forgot to structure noun phrases in prepositional phrases and

relative clause. prepositional phrases the students fail to use the correct

form of postmodifier, particulary prepositional phrases, they did not

know what preposition to use in prepositional phrases, example this is the

best day my life, it is clear that the prepositional phrases are incorrect.

Another student made interferences 8 interference example we go to

makassar by car one the night students stil confused to used what kind of

preposition must be used in the noun phrases, because many similiar

preposition with almost had some meaning. Relative clause example

student wrote i see hippotamus who have very large mouth, the students

made interference to identify what kind relative pronoun should be used

because all of relative pronouns he or she knows (who, which, whose,

whom, and that) have the same meaning in her mother tongue.

55



noun phrase especially postmodifier. the form interference in the

formPre-modifier + Noun + Post modifier. These interferences Noun

phrases made by the eleventh grade of SMA IT Wahdah Makassar the

thirdinterference of Indonesian noun phrase into English writing

washead.

Base on all found data above on the findings and discussion, the forms

ofthe interferenceof indonesian into english writing in noun phrase were the head,

premodifier and postmodifier. The absence of these interference in noun phrase

make the students tend to be difficult to write the words. For head in noun phrase

for instance. The found data show that most students the interference still change

head and modifier, including wrong form of noun that the students shoulduse

plura instead of singular . because in their mother tongue rule there is no

difference in form between plura or singular.The often happend too, the article

when the first word is vowel must the article an. Therefore the interfence of

indonesian into english in noun phrase by studentsof SMA Islam Terpadu

Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar is cleary as form of indonesian into english writing

since this is structure indonesian. for instancebeach Losari is very beautiful. In

sentence the noun phrase that the noun should be written after the modifiers.

The same as nine noun phrase. premodifier in noun phrase was always

difficult for students to make the found data show that students still confused can

not distinguish related to determiner and enumerator.As is known in indonesian

56

noun phrase system make the english noun phrase students be difficult to write it

into words and students rarely used in their dalily actvit. For instanceI lost the my

money in the street. The sentence isthe only interference made by students by

placing double articles.

Likewise postmodifier in noun phrase were preposional phrase and

reltive clause in which are were also difficult to made by students indonesian

noun phrase to english noun phrase, never used, never see. It makes the students

made interference when they write the sentences. For instanceWe go to Makassar

by bus on this morning. From this sentence the students failed to identify what

kind of preposition should be used in the sentence. In this case, the students may

be confused to use what kind of preposition must be used in the sentence, because

many similar preposition with almost had same meaning.

4. The dominant interference of students in using head, premodifier and

postmodifier in descriptve writing

The dominant interference was head from the table. Premodifier and

postmodifier in descriptive writing were not the same. The head or the form

adj+noun has the biggerthan premodifier and post modifier.

From the table above that the biggest proportion of interference was

head or adj+noun. From the table above, the writer concluded that students’

dominant interference were when they used head of noun phrase especially in

descriptive writing.

It is concluded that the interference indonesian into english writing on

noun phrase in their descriptive writing of students had relation about the

57

theory ofChaer and Agustina, (2004: 120) “Almost bilingual peoplemake

interference in thebeginning when they speak in their target language. For

example,Indonesian who learns English, they will make interference in

theirwritingskill in the target language, in this case English.” because this

research also found the interferences of indonesian into english made by

students is seen by writer as an urgent problem. The result from this

researchwere that some students still made some interference and got confused

in someone means. Especially in noun phrase .

58

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. CONCLUSION

Every language has it own structure. There are some english structure

that do not exist in indonesian structure. The indonesian students who have

indonesianas their mother language tend to make interference in the english

words. It is because the interference of indonesian language as their mother

language.

Generally, the students made such kinds of interference because they

only used rules from their mother language. it happened since they since they did

not really comprehend the target language.

Based on chapter IV, The writer classified (7) seven kinds of interference

Indonesian noun phrase and english noun phrase then three categories. They were

head,premodifier and postmodifier. Almost all students made such interference.

the writer divide head interference into 2 groups of interference, they were: wrong

placement of noun and wrong form of noun. While in premodifier she divide it

into 3 groups of interference, they were: determiner, enumerator and adjective.

And the last type of interference was postmodifier that divide into prepositional

phrase and relative clause made by students at the eleventh grade of SMA IT

Wahdah Makassar namely as follows:

1. There were 133 all interference form 23all students made the

interferences, and 103made by students interference of Indonesian noun

phrase into English writing in head. There were 4interference who

59

written by the students in verb+noun, Noun, adj+noun, adv+noun. There

are 23 who written by the students in verb+noun. There were 4

interference who written by the students in noun. there were 62

interference who written by the students in adj+noun. There were 14

interference who written by the students in adv+noun. There were 17

interference who written by the students in det+noun.There were 5

interference who written by the students in num(premodifier)+noun.

There are 22 interference who written by the students in

premodifier..There were 8 interference who written by the students in

Prepositional phrase.

2. The students made dominants interference in dealing with the use of

head. It can be seen that head interference made by the students were

103from the interference made by students. While premodifier

interference were 22 and postmodifier were 8.

B. Suggestion

Based on the conclusion above, the writer suggest:

1. The indonesian students especially the students at the eleventh grade of

SMA IT Wahdah Makassar,should learn about rules in english,

particulary in noun phrase, so that the students will understand more

about this kind of phrases.

2. Beside, the writer suggest the English teacher especially who teach the

students at the first grade of SMA IT Wahdah Makassar to be more

frequently giving the students exercises dealing with noun phrase in

60

writing text. The students are trained to used their ideas into english

writing. It will help them in applying the noun phrase rules in their

sentences.

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A

P

P

E

N

D

I

C

E

S

Instrument for Collecting The Data

Instructions:

1. Write your name and your class on the piece of the paper given.

2. Write the descriptive text using the given outline.

3. It is suggested that the text is written using the noun phrases.

4. The students free to choose any topic from 3 topic descriptive text about

their parents, friends and favorite people..

5. The time allotment is 90 minutes.

OUTLINE

Theme : My best father

Subject : Year eleventh students of senior high school

Rules : It is suggested in using noun phrases

Kind of text : descriptive text

Purpose : To describe my best father and why it becomes my best

father for writer

I. Title

Write a words or phrase about the name and the kinds of my best father that

you are going to describe.

II. Topic sentence

Write a sentence that tells what you are going to describe. Be sure to include

what and where.

III. Supporting details

1. Write sentence that describe what you see.

2. Write sentence that describe how you feel.

3. Write sentence that describe what you hear

4. Write sentence that describe what you smell.

5. Write sentence that describe what you taste.

IV. Concluding sentence

Write the summary statement that uses a strong feeling statement

RESULT OF DATA

Part

icip

ant

Indonesian naun

phrase

English noun

phrase Evaluations

The kinds

of

interfernce

s

1.1 Nama saudara

perempuan saya Name my sister

My sister’s

name Adj+ Noun

1.2 Buka kamar

sebelah Open the room

Open the next

room

Verb +

Noun

1.3 Di jln ujung bori In jln ujung bori At ujung bori

street Adv+noun

1.4 Sebuah tas mahal A expensive red

bag

An expensive

red bag

(Num (Pre-

modifier) +

Noun)

1.5 Rambut panjang

lurus hitam

Long straight hair

back

Long straight

back hair Adj+Noun

1.6 Saudara terbaik Sister the best The best sister Adj+Noun

2.1 Dua pekan lalu Two week Two weeks ago

Num (Pre-

modifier) +

Noun

2.2 Anak pintar Children smart Smart child Adj+Noun

2.3 Pohon tumbang Tree fallen Fallen tree Verb+Noun

2.4 kulit putih Skin white white skin Adj+Noun

2.5 Sebuah robot

tansformasi

Robot

transfermen

A

transformation

robot

Num (Pre-

modifier) +

Noun

2.6 Rumah paman Home uncle Uncle's house

Adj+Noun

2.7 Tempat belanja Place buy Shopping Noun

3.1 Pintu masuk Door come The Entrance

Num (Pre-

modifier) +

Noun

3.2 Mata coklat Eye brown Brown eyes Adj+Noun

3.3 Semen pasir Cement sand Sand cement Adj+Noun

3.4 Itu kata dia That say his That's what he

said

Determiner

+ Noun

3.5 Enam anak anak Six child Six children

Num (Pre-

modifier) +

Noun

3.6

Tolong ibu

hubungi saudara

laki lakimu

Help mom, call

my brother

help mom

contact your

brother

Verb+Noun

3.7 Cepat jalan Walk quickly Walk quickly Adv+Noun

3.8 Di kamar tidur In room In the bedroom

Post

modifier+N

oun

4.1 Sayadan saudara

saya Me and my sister I and my brother Adj+Noun

4.2

Setiap pagi

Makanan

makanan

every morning

foods

Every morning

food meals

Adverb + N

4.3 Wanita kuat A strong women Strong women Adj+Noun

4.4 Jus alpukat Juice avocado Avocado juice Adj+Noun

4.5 Me moodboster I moodboster I’m moodboster Adj+Noun

5.1 Laki laki ganteng He handsome Handsome man Adj+Noun

5.2 Pulang kampung Back hometown back to

hometown

Adverb + N

5.3 Di bangku

sekolah in bench school In school

Pre-

modifier +

Noun +

Post

modifier,

5.4 Murid Ibu evy Students mom

evy

Mom Evy

students

Adj+Noun

5.5

Saya kehilangan

uang saya di

jalan.

I lost the my

money in the

street.

I lost my money

in the street.

Pre-

modifier +

Noun +

Post

modifier

5.6 di sekolah semua

siswa

in school all

student

in all students'

school

Post

modifier +

Noun

5.7 kepala sekolah

smp

The head master

smp

The principal of

junior high

school

Adj+Noun

6.1 Pertolongan dia Her helps Help her Verb+ N

6.2 Rambut rambut

boneka Doll hair hair Doll hairs Adj+Noun

6.3 Sebuah

kehormatan The honor An honor

Determiner

+ Noun

6.4 Seorang kakak

laki laki My brother an older brother

Adverb + N

7.1 Dengankumis

tipis

With tihing

mustache

With tihin

mustache Adverb + N

7.2 Menjaga senyum

dia Keep smile Keeps her smile

Adj+Noun

7.3 Kita bertengkar We fight We fought Verb+ N

7.4 Seorang pria 20

tahun a 20 year man

a man of 20

years

Noun+Art(

Det)

7.5 Seperti umur 10

tahun

Ast like a 10

years old

Like 10 years

old Adverb + N

7.6 Memotong kue

kue manis

Cut sweet cake

cake

Cut the sweet

cakes Verb+ N

8.1 Dia mempunyai She hes She has Verb+ N

8.2 Di jalan ujung

bori In jln.ujung bori

At the end of the

bori road

Pre-

modifier +

Noun +

Post

modifier

8.3 Seorang siswa She student A student Determiner

+ Noun

8.4 Saudara terbaik Sister the best The Best sister Adj+Noun

9.1 Belajar bersama

sama Study togethers Study together Adverb + N

9.2 Universitas

makassar

Universitas

Makassar

University of

Makassar Noun

9.3 Pekerja keras Hard work Hard worker Adj+Noun

9.4 Membersihkan


Clean part of the

floor

Verb+

Noun

9.5 Makan sayur

sayur kemarin Eat vegetables

ate vegetables

yesterday

Verb+

Noun

9.6 Gemar bersepeda loving cycling Love cycling Verb+

Noun

10.1 Nampak seperti


Looks like an

angel

Adverb+No

un

10.2 Wanita cantik Beatifull women Beautiful

woman Adj+Noun

10.3 Jatuh cinta Falling love Fall in love Verb+

Noun

10.4 Memukul mereka Hit they Hit them Verb+

Noun

11.1 Mendapatkan

nilai bagus Getgood grade Got good grades

Verb+ Noun

11.2 Dua pahlawan Two hero Two heroes

Determiner

+ Noun

11.3 Sangat

mencintaiku Loving me

Extremely

loving me

Adverb +

Noun

11.4 Sistem

pendukung saya

My system

support

My support

system

Adj+Noun

11.5 Banyak masalah Many problem Many problems Adj+Noun

11.6 Anak perempuan


Daughter of my

heir

Adj+Noun

11.7 Bisa

menggambarkan Can describes Can describe

Verb+

Noun

11.8

Pagi ini kita

berangkat ke

Makassar naik

bus.

We go to

Makassar by bus

on this morning.

We go to

Makassar by bus

this morning.

Pre-

modifier +

Noun +

Post

modifier

12.1 Ibu terakhir saya My mother the

last My last mother

Adj+Noun

12.2 Warna favorit dia Colour her

favorite

Her favorite

color

Adj+Noun

12.3 Wanita kuat Strong woman Woman strong Adj+Noun

12.4 Bersih kembali Back clean Clean back Verb+

Noun

12.5

Bepergian

ibuku,bepergian

bersamaku

Travel my mom,

my mom trsavel

My mother

travels, travels

with me

Verb+

Noun

13.1 Teman kelas My classmale Classmate Noun

13.2 bersekolah dia She school Attended school

him Adj+Noun

13.3 Kelas dua

belasSma

Twelve senior

high school

Twelfth grade

Senior high

school

Num (Pre-

modifier) +

Noun

13.4 mengunjungi

sekolah kita visit our school

visited our

school

Verb+

Noun

13.5 Mendapatkan

perstasi saya my achieve get

Get my

achievements

Verb+

Noun

13.6 Teman teman

bahagia Friends happy Happy friends Adj+Noun

13.7 Surga Jannah haven Heaven Noun

14.1

Kami telah

menghabiskan

waktu

We spend time We spent time Verb+

Noun

14.2 Gadis pintar Smarts girl Clever girl Adj+Noun

14.3 Bau bunga Smellflowers fragrant flowers Adj+Noun

15.1 Jus avaqado Jus Avaqado Avaqado juice Adj+Noun

15.2 Makanan

saudaraku My sister food

My brother's

food

Adj+Noun

15.3 Kumis tipis A tihin mustache thin moustache Adj+Noun


15.5 Anak cerdas Children smart Smart child Adj+Noun

15.6 Berusia 10 tahun a 10 year old 10 years old Determiner

+ Noun

16.1 Belajar bersama Study together Studying

together

Adverb +

Noun

16.2 Pelajaran

matematika sulit Math lesson

Difficult math

lessons Adj + Noun

16.3 Pelajaran Sangat


very important

lesson

Adverb +

Noun

16.4 Banyak sabar dan

baik hati

Many patient and

kind

Much patient

and kind

(Num (Pre-

modifier) +

Noun)

17.1 Seorang istri A house wife A housewife

Determine

+ Noun

17.2 Rumah sakit

terbesar.

The most biggest

hospital.

The biggest

hospital.

Adj+Noun

17.3 Mata hitam Eyes black Black eye Adj+Noun

17.4 kulit putih White skin White skin Adj+Noun

17.5 Kecantikan ibuku My mother

beauty

My mother's

beauty

Adj+Noun

17.6 Mencintai dia Loves her Love her Verb+Adj

17.7 wanita pebisnis Business woman business woman Noun+Adj

18.1

Ibu saya adalah

perempuan baik

hati

My mom is girl

kaind

My mother is a

kind woman

Verb+

Noun

18.2 Gigi yang buruk A bad tooth Bad teeth Adj+Noun

18.3 Orang yang

paling suportif

Most supportive

people

The most

supportive

person

Adv+Noun

18.4 Wanita yang luar

biasa

A amazing

women What a woman Adj+Noun

18.5 Usia tua A old age Old age Adj+Noun

19.1 Dengan rambut

keriting With curling hair with curly hair

Num (Pre-

modifier) +

Noun

19.2

Punya

beraktivitas

penting

Haveactivity

important

Have important

activities

Verb +

Noun

19.3 Menontong Tv Watch Tv Watching TV Adj+Noun


19.5 Dia berumur Hes age He’s aged Verb+

Noun

19.6 kulit sawo matang Skin tan Brown skin Adj+Noun

19.7 Berenang

bersama

Swimming

together Swim together

Verb+

Noun

20.1 Daerah jawa Javanese Java area Adj+Noun

20.2 PNS Civil servant Civil servant Adj+Noun

20.3 Kompensasi kerja Worked

compensations

Work

compensation Verb+adj

20.4 di rumah sakit

terbesar

in of the biggest

hospital

in the biggest

hospital

Num (Pre-

modifier) +

Noun)

20.5 Seorang terapi an/A therapist An therapy Determiner

+ Noun

20.6 lawan dirimu

sendiri Fighting yourself fight yourself Verb+noun

20.7 Banyakk

pelajaran Much lesson Lots of lessons

Adj+Noun

20.8 Orang tua yang


Amazing

parents

Adj+Noun

20.9 Banyak uang Many money A lot of money Adj+Noun

20.1


Adj+Noun

20.1

1

Gambar yang tak

terlukiskan

Indescribable

picture

Indescribable

picture Adj+Noun

21.1 Berapa banyak

manusia

How many

human

how many

humans Adv+Noun

21.2 tangan besar itu That hand big that big hand Determiner

+ Noun

21.3 Mencoba

memakai Try wear Try wearing Verb+Noun

21.4 Sepatu ayah saya My dad shoes My dad's shoes Adj+Noun

21.5 Rasakan berjalan Feeling walking Feel walking Verb +

Noun

21.6 Tiang berjalan The walking pole The walking

pole Adj+Noun

21.4 Pedofilia A phedophilra Apedophilia Determiner

+ Noun

21.5 Salah siapa saja Anyone fault everyone's fault Adj+Noun

22.1 Ayahku orang

terbaik

My father the best

people

My father the

best person Adj+Noun

22.2 Berdoa di malam

hari Praysat night Pray at night

Noun +

Post

modifier

22.3 Hidup yang sulit Hard live Hard life Adj+Noun

22.4 orang terkenal People famous famous people Adj+Noun

23.1 Sinar mentari

saya My sunshines My sunshine Adj+Noun

23.2 Mata tersenyum Eyes smiiles Smiling eyes Adj+Noun

23.3 Fakta fakta Fact facts Facts Noun

THE ANSWER OF RESPONDENTS

THE LIST OF PARTICIPANT IDENTITY

1. a.Nama : Student 1

b.Bahasa ibu : Bugis

c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia


b.Bahasa ibu : Bhs Indonesia

































































CURRICULUM VITAE

Herni K was born on 10th September 1996 in P.Samatallu Lompo. She is the last

child from the marriage between of her parents, Abd Kadir and Nukrah.

She began her elementary school in SDN 31 P.Samatallu Lompo and graduated in

2008. Then, she continued her study in SMPN 3 Labakkang graduated in 2011.

Her Senior High School was SMAN 4 Pangkep and graduted in 2014. At the same

year, she continued her study at the Muhammadiyah University of Makassar as

students of English Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty.

At the end of her study, she finished her thesis in 2020 entitle “The Interference

of Indonesian noun phrases into English noun phrases at The Eleventh

Grade of SMA Islam Terpadu Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar (A Descriptive

Qualitative Research)”

Documents

THE INTERFERENCE OF INDONESIAN NOUN PHRASES INTO ENGLISH NOUN … · 2021. 1. 26. · i THE INTERFERENCE OF INDONESIAN NOUN PHRASES INTO ENGLISH NOUN PHRASES AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE