TheThe Industrial Industrial RevolutionRevolution

Late 1700’s- Early 1800’s

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION• What factors caused the What factors caused the

Industrial Revolution?Industrial Revolution?

• How did the Industrial Revolution How did the Industrial Revolution change the ways people lived?change the ways people lived?

The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution• Fundamental changes in the way Fundamental changes in the way

goods were made and produced.goods were made and produced.

– From cottage industry to factoriesFrom cottage industry to factories– MASS PRODUCTIONMASS PRODUCTION

• Large scale production of identical Large scale production of identical goodsgoods

– Steam power to run machinerySteam power to run machinery

Why Industrialization begins in Why Industrialization begins in Great BritainGreat Britain

Geographical Geographical AdvantagesAdvantages

Harbors, rivers & Harbors, rivers & coalcoal

Transportation Transportation and and CommunicationsCommunications

Coastal trade, Coastal trade, canals, port towns, canals, port towns, postal service, postal service, newspapers, navynewspapers, navy

Why Industrialization begins in Why Industrialization begins in BritainBritain

Large Colonial Large Colonial EmpireEmpire

Raw materialsRaw materials

• Powerful Powerful middle classmiddle class

• Capital, labor Capital, labor and new and new industrial industrial inventionsinventions

Why Industrialization begins in Why Industrialization begins in BritainBritain

• Improvements Improvements in Agriculturein Agriculture

• Scientific method Scientific method use to improve use to improve productionproduction

Innovations in Textile Innovations in Textile ManufacturingManufacturing

Spinning jennySpinning jenny (1764), used a (1764), used a single wheel to control several single wheel to control several spindles at a time.spindles at a time.

Innovations in Textile ManufacturingInnovations in Textile Manufacturing

**James WattJames Watt, a Scottish , a Scottish inventor, improved the inventor, improved the steam-enginesteam-engine (1769) (1769)Allowed factories to Allowed factories to

be placed anywhere, be placed anywhere, no longer dependant no longer dependant on water on water

SHIFTING from home to factorySHIFTING from home to factory

From From HOMEHOME to Factory to FactoryDOMESTIC SYSTEMDOMESTIC SYSTEM

Before the Industrial Revolution Before the Industrial Revolution craftsmen working at craftsmen working at homehome, spinning , spinning wool by hand wool by hand

From Home to From Home to FACTORYFACTORY• Factories, large Factories, large

number of workers number of workers could be supervised could be supervised and use machines and use machines driven by water or driven by water or steam powersteam power

• England’s plentiful England’s plentiful supplies of coal and supplies of coal and water provided water provided resources to run the resources to run the factoriesfactories

Working ConditionsWorking ConditionsAppalling places to work, with unsafe Appalling places to work, with unsafe and unpleasant conditionsand unpleasant conditionsWork hours were long, and workers Work hours were long, and workers pay was lowpay was lowChildren preformed dangerous tasksChildren preformed dangerous tasks

Write a caption for this Write a caption for this cartooncartoon

U R B A N I Z A T I O NU R B A N I Z A T I O NFrom the countryside farms (RURAL)From the countryside farms (RURAL)

L A R G E C I T I E SL A R G E C I T I E SL A R G E C I T I E SL A R G E C I T I E S

URBANIZATIONURBANIZATIONWith the With the shift shift of work to factories, large of work to factories, large

number of workers moved from their number of workers moved from their farms and homes in the countryside to farms and homes in the countryside to cities.cities.

UrbanizationUrbanization• Cities became Cities became

crowded and crowded and highly unsanitaryhighly unsanitary

• Factory smoke Factory smoke polluted the airpolluted the air

• Local governments Local governments were often unable were often unable to cope with the to cope with the needs of large needs of large numbers of numbers of workersworkers

INDUSTRIALIZATIONINDUSTRIALIZATION• C H A N G E SC H A N G E S

– TransportationTransportation

– Family lifeFamily life

– Reform movementsReform movements

– CommunismCommunism

TransportationTransportation• Railroads & Railroads &

SteamboatsSteamboats– Used steam engines Used steam engines -unified economies by -unified economies by

linking regions & linking regions & connected Europeconnected Europe

Railroads Railroads connected Europe connected Europe

Steamboats Steamboats

• Impact on the Impact on the Midwest & Midwest & Southeast of Southeast of United States as United States as goods could be goods could be more easily more easily carried via riverscarried via rivers

Changes to European Changes to European SocietySociety

• New middle class New middle class of of CAPITALISTSCAPITALISTS– From the middle From the middle

classclass• EntrepreneursEntrepreneurs

– Owned the means Owned the means of productionof production

– Managed Managed businesses and businesses and factoriesfactories

Changes in European SocietyChanges in European Society

• Working classWorking class– Left Left

countryside for countryside for industrial industrial areas, provided areas, provided labor for wageslabor for wages

Role of the Government in early Role of the Government in early 1919thth century Capitalism century Capitalism

• Governments Governments followed a followed a LAISSEZ-FAIRE LAISSEZ-FAIRE policy.policy.– Did not interfere Did not interfere

with business with business owners and owners and workers. workers.

Changes to family lifeChanges to family life• Shift from the Shift from the

family working as family working as farmers or farmers or craftsman to craftsman to families working in families working in factoriesfactories

• Child laborChild labor• Less time spent Less time spent

with familywith family• Families moved Families moved

from villages into from villages into towns and citiestowns and cities

• Crowded, small Crowded, small apartmentsapartments

• RISE IN CITY CRIME RISE IN CITY CRIME -Gangs-Gangs

Family Life sufferedFamily Life suffered

• Less access to fresh Less access to fresh water and sunlightwater and sunlight

• Spread of diseases Spread of diseases like cholera and like cholera and typhustyphus

For most children For most children industrialization industrialization

meant – meant – Factory Work, shift Factory Work, shift

work & work & Child LaborChild Labor

Social ReformsSocial Reforms• In In EnglandEngland, ,

ParliamentParliament passed laws passed laws – Banning women Banning women

and children from and children from working in the working in the minesmines

– Limited work Limited work hours to 10 hours hours to 10 hours per dayper day

– For safer working For safer working conditionsconditions Queen Victoria and her Queen Victoria and her

husband Prince Albert worked husband Prince Albert worked to help the poorto help the poor

Medical ImprovementsMedical Improvements• LOUIS PASTEURLOUIS PASTEUR

– Improved Improved sanitary practicessanitary practices

– Developed Developed vaccines to vaccines to combat anthrax combat anthrax and rabiesand rabies

– Heating of liquids Heating of liquids to kill germsto kill germs• PASTEURIZATIONPASTEURIZATION

Municipal ReformsMunicipal Reforms

Improvements to life in the citiesImprovements to life in the cities

Municipal ImprovementsMunicipal Improvements

Improved water supply, Improved water supply, sewage system and trash sewage system and trash

collectioncollection

Sewer Sewer systemssystems

Municipal ReformsMunicipal Reforms

Public School SystemsPublic School Systems

Municipal ReformsMunicipal Reforms

City police forces to reduce crimeCity police forces to reduce crime

Sir Robert Peel’s London “Bobbies”Sir Robert Peel’s London “Bobbies”

L A B O R R E F O R M SL A B O R R E F O R M S

• Workers organized UNIONS to getWorkers organized UNIONS to get – Better wagesBetter wages– Improve working conditionsImprove working conditions– Used STRIKES to achieve goalsUsed STRIKES to achieve goals