The Industrial Revolution1700-1800

A great increase in output of machine-made goods during the 18th century.

Transformed the political and diplomatic landscape of Europe.

Before largely dominated rural and handcrafted economy

Revolution=technology changes, social changes, new organization of human labor

What is the Industrial Revolution?

1700 first change in farming methods (England)Open field growth changed to enclosed fields

Crop RotationStock BreadingSmall farms bought up by wealthy landowners

Food supply increase, living conditions improve, population increase

Agriculture Revolution

No civil strife or invading of armies (French Revolution)

Relatively good and stable governmentHad factors of production (land, labor, capital)

Presence of a large middle classPeople invested and drove to be better

No trade taxes like continental EuropeRich in natural resources needed for

industrialization (water, coal, iron ore, rivers, harbors for ships)

Why did the Industrial Revolution first take hold in Britain?

Modern cotton industryBefore 4 to 5 spinners needed to keep up with

one cotton loom

Technology changes since 1700

With invention of new machine to spin, the revolution took off

Inventors: John Kay (flying shuttle, James Hagreaves (Spinning Jenny), Eli Whitney (Cotton wheel)

Large machines required a factory to put them in

Cotton Gin

Steam EngineTransportation

Water, iron, coal become energy sourcesRailroad= expanded market for factories,

cheap way to transport, new jobs created, boost agriculture industryAutomobile in U.S.

Technology changes since 1700Continued

CommunicationAlexander Graham Bell-TelephoneRadio

Goal: keep things running14hrs. / day, 6 day / weekDangerous working environmentsWomen and children made up over half of the

labor force

Working Conditions in Factories

City growth=shift towards cities because of factories

Living condition bad=no sanitary codes, no building codes, lack adequate housing, education, protection.

New class created=working classAll men and women in mills and factories

Class tensions due to living conditions: middle class (professional workers live good)

Changes in Social Patterns

England1860 produce 20% of industrial goodsPopulation increase 9 to 21 millionTook inventions to EuropeNo wars going onHighly developed transportation system

France / Continental EuropeGap in production due to Napoleon WarsMuch larger and fewer rivers for navigationNeed and want to adopt “Britain’s Miracle”Belgium has high contents of iron and coalGermany builds railroads

England vs. Continental Europe and U.S.

United StatesSame resources as EnglandWanted fast ways to do thingsMoses Brown—created first factoriesTextile first—clothing production1865 end of civil war—boom of industry in

northeastBoost in inventions—telephone, light bulb,

railroad

England vs. Continental Europe and U.S.

Wide gap between industrialized and non-industrialized countries

Imperialism develops=policy of extending one countries rule over many landsAggressive pursuit of foreign colonies for

economic purposesSettlement rather than explorationSuccessful wars and foreign conquest

Western world break off from the rest of the world

World Impact

***Factories, steam engines, railroads, children working, women working…..these were the biggest things to come out of the Industrial

Revolution