The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution

I.I. Began in the mid 1700’s…Began in the mid 1700’s…

but first…but first…

II. Agricultural RevolutionII. Agricultural Revolution

A. Enclosure MovementA. Enclosure Movement1.Wealthy landowners bought most of 1.Wealthy landowners bought most of

land from village farmersland from village farmers

2. Wealthy farmers wanted to increase 2. Wealthy farmers wanted to increase harvest to increase profitharvest to increase profita. looked to scientific revolution and a. looked to scientific revolution and

enlightenment for ideasenlightenment for ideas

b. kept careful records from one yr. to next to b. kept careful records from one yr. to next to compare stylescompare styles

c. shared ideas with other farmersc. shared ideas with other farmers

3. Seed drill invented, 17213. Seed drill invented, 1721a. Jethro Tull- scientific farmera. Jethro Tull- scientific farmer

b. scattering seeds was wasteful, dig trenchb. scattering seeds was wasteful, dig trench

II. Agricultural RevolutionII. Agricultural Revolution

B. Crop RotationB. Crop Rotation1. Two and three-field system of middle ages left 1. Two and three-field system of middle ages left

land unused between harvestsland unused between harvestsa. 1/3 country land was not producing every yeara. 1/3 country land was not producing every year

2. Rotate Crops2. Rotate Cropsa. One yr. plant wheat or barley—wears out soila. One yr. plant wheat or barley—wears out soil

b. Next yr. plant turnips or clovers—restore soilb. Next yr. plant turnips or clovers—restore soil

Crop RotationCrop Rotation

II. Agricultural RevolutionII. Agricultural Revolution

C. Improved livestockC. Improved livestock1.1. Only allows best animals to breedOnly allows best animals to breed

a. increased weight and tastea. increased weight and taste

III. Effects on PopulationIII. Effects on PopulationA. Scientific Farming had 2 fold effectA. Scientific Farming had 2 fold effect

1. Better livestock and rising crop = more food1. Better livestock and rising crop = more fooda. Fewer people went hungrya. Fewer people went hungry

2. Enclosure movement forced farmers off land and 2. Enclosure movement forced farmers off land and became labor forcebecame labor forcea. Went to Colonies in Americaa. Went to Colonies in Americab. Moved to City to look for workb. Moved to City to look for work

B. Population doubled from 1750 to 1850B. Population doubled from 1750 to 18501. increased food1. increased food2. medical advances2. medical advances3. better health = more marriages = more children3. better health = more marriages = more children

The Industrial The Industrial RevolutionRevolution

More people = More products More people = More products necessarynecessary

IV. Great Britain—Home of the IV. Great Britain—Home of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

A. Abundant National ResourcesA. Abundant National Resources1. 3 Necessary resources1. 3 Necessary resources

a. Water power—supplied energy for a. Water power—supplied energy for machinesmachines

b. Coal—supplied energy for machinesb. Coal—supplied energy for machinesc. Iron ore—made machines, tools, bldgs., c. Iron ore—made machines, tools, bldgs.,

etc.etc.

B. Geography—benefit of being an B. Geography—benefit of being an islandisland1. Overseas trade gave access to raw 1. Overseas trade gave access to raw

materials and marketsmaterials and markets2. Trade= wealthy class of ship owners 2. Trade= wealthy class of ship owners

with $ to spare for new projectswith $ to spare for new projects

IV. Great Britain—Home of the IV. Great Britain—Home of the Industrial Revolution cont.Industrial Revolution cont.

C. Strong banking systemC. Strong banking system

D. Political StabilityD. Political Stability1. No war fought on British soil during 1700’s1. No war fought on British soil during 1700’s

2. Gov’t. favored economic growth with laws that 2. Gov’t. favored economic growth with laws that encouraged investmentsencouraged investments

E. Favorable Climate for new ideasE. Favorable Climate for new ideas1. Royal Society—“Club” for exchanging scientific 1. Royal Society—“Club” for exchanging scientific

ideas and practical inventionsideas and practical inventions

Iron production increasedIron production increased

V. Many New InventionsV. Many New Inventions

A. Many were for textile industryA. Many were for textile industry1. Sped up ability to weave and spin1. Sped up ability to weave and spin2. Cotton Gin, 17932. Cotton Gin, 1793

a. Slaves picked 10 times more in a daya. Slaves picked 10 times more in a day

B. FactoriesB. Factories1. New machines too large for homes1. New machines too large for homes2. Needed water to power machines, 2. Needed water to power machines,

therefore factories needed to be near therefore factories needed to be near lakes and streamslakes and streams

C. Steam Engine C. Steam Engine

VI. TransportationVI. Transportation

A.A. CanalsCanals

B. RoadsB. Roads

1. 1800’s improved roads1. 1800’s improved roads

2. large layers of rock filled with crushed rock2. large layers of rock filled with crushed rock

3. Wagons could travel regardless of rain and mud3. Wagons could travel regardless of rain and mud

C. RailroadC. Railroad

1. Steam engine made this possible1. Steam engine made this possible

2. By 1820’s, hundreds were in operation2. By 1820’s, hundreds were in operation

3. used as transportation for work3. used as transportation for work

VI. TransportationVI. Transportation

3.3. Four Major Effects of Railroads Four Major Effects of Railroadsa. Encouraged further industrializationa. Encouraged further industrialization

1. faster, cheaper to transport raw materials and finished 1. faster, cheaper to transport raw materials and finished productsproducts

2. could build factories in more locations 2. could build factories in more locations b. Provided millions of new jobsb. Provided millions of new jobs

1. coal 1. coal 2. iron2. iron3. building of RR3. building of RR

c. Progress in Agriculturec. Progress in Agriculture1. farmers could send produce to markets1. farmers could send produce to markets2. fishermen could sell fish in inland cities2. fishermen could sell fish in inland cities

4. Positive attitude about travel4. Positive attitude about travel1. leisure1. leisure2. commuting2. commuting

Expansion of the Industrial Expansion of the Industrial RevolutionRevolution

Great Britain led world until mid 19th centuryGreat Britain led world until mid 19th century Why successful?Why successful?

Politically united Politically united

Common languageCommon language

No internal tariffsNo internal tariffs

Wealthiest nation in the worldWealthiest nation in the world

Colonies provided raw materialsColonies provided raw materials

Developed banking and credit Developed banking and credit

People accepted paper moneyPeople accepted paper money

Improved roads and extensive water transportation Improved roads and extensive water transportation (canals)(canals)

Stable government that protected private propertyStable government that protected private property

Entrepreneurial spiritEntrepreneurial spirit

These are a lot of positives about the These are a lot of positives about the Industrial Rev. What do you think Industrial Rev. What do you think

some problems may be?some problems may be?

Factory AbusesFactory AbusesDreadful working conditionsDreadful working conditions

Hours: 12-16 hrs per day, six days per week, ½ Hours: 12-16 hrs per day, six days per week, ½ hour for lunch and supperhour for lunch and supper

No job security, no minimum wageNo job security, no minimum wage Children and women employed in cotton mills and Children and women employed in cotton mills and

mines – mines – Factories and mines as orphanages Factories and mines as orphanages

Women paid half of men’s wagesWomen paid half of men’s wages

Govt. Reforms on Child LaborGovt. Reforms on Child Labor

1842 – Coal Mines Act1842 – Coal Mines Act – eliminated the – eliminated the employment of boys under ten and women employment of boys under ten and women in minesin mines

1847 – Ten Hours Act1847 – Ten Hours Act – reduced the – reduced the workday for children between 13 and 18 to workday for children between 13 and 18 to ten hoursten hours

Consequence - Whole families workedConsequence - Whole families worked

Social and political reform movementsSocial and political reform movements Chartists, Utopian Socialists, MarxistsChartists, Utopian Socialists, Marxists

The Growth of CitiesThe Growth of CitiesCities were centers for manufacturing, industry, Cities were centers for manufacturing, industry, and governmentand government

Made possible by steam engine, cheap labor, Made possible by steam engine, cheap labor, and transportationand transportation

Britain – had most large cities in Europe – Britain – had most large cities in Europe – London over 2,363,000 in 1850London over 2,363,000 in 1850

Miserable living Miserable living conditionsconditions

Wealthy and middle class lived on Wealthy and middle class lived on outskirts – workers lived in center of outskirts – workers lived in center of citycity

Overcrowded, unsanitary, unhealthyOvercrowded, unsanitary, unhealthy

The Poor Law Commission in England The Poor Law Commission in England in the 1820’s investigated living in the 1820’s investigated living conditions – saw prostitution, crime, conditions – saw prostitution, crime, sexual immoralitysexual immorality

The TelegraphThe Telegraph

1850: all major cities in eastern U.S. 1850: all major cities in eastern U.S. connected by telegraph linesconnected by telegraph lines

1875: communication around the world in 5 1875: communication around the world in 5 minutesminutes

Demands for ReformDemands for Reform

The UtopiansThe UtopiansThe Socialists The Socialists Karl Marx Karl Marx We’ll get to them laterWe’ll get to them later

Unions – Workers demand reforms by Unions – Workers demand reforms by joining together in groupsjoining together in groups Want higher wages and better working Want higher wages and better working

conditionsconditions