The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution1700-1914By Sam Irving

BIG IdeaBeginning in mid-1700s Great Britain, technological innovations led to industrial urban society in western Europe and the U.S.

Preindustrial LifeRural: 75% were small-scale farmersShort: 50% died before 21

The Enclosure MovementWealthy British purchased huge farms.New, more efficient farming methods.Less workers grew more food cheaper.Urbanization: small farmers moved to cities to find work.

What gave Great Britain an industrial advantage?Britain Industrializes First$ to Invest: Large-scale farmers and slave traders.Natural Resources: Rivers, coal, & iron.Workers: ex-farmers.

The Clothing Industry Leads the WayIn the domestic system, women produced yarn, cloth, and clothes at home.

In 1733, John Kays Flying Shuttle allowed yarn to be woven faster.

In 1760, James Hargreavess Spinning Jenny allowed spinners to spin more yarn faster.

In 1768 Richard Arkwright developed a spinning machine that ran continuously on waterpower.

The Powered Loom, invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1787, could be run by horse, water, or steam.

In 1793, Eli Whitneys Cotton Gin allowed raw cotton to be cleaned faster and cheaper.

Full mechanization of the British textile industry by the late 1700s.

The Factory SystemBrought workers and machines together under the control of managers.Machines are too large and expensive to be used at home.

Infrastructure for IndustrySteam, steel, canals, and railroads.

The Bessemer process to create steel

Questions & Summary?: Explain how?: DescribeSummary: Enclosure led to industry because Britain industrialized first because The factory system developed because

Technology TimelineCreate a flowchart showing the evolution of a technology of your choice. Your flowchart should include:At least 3-4 stages in the evolution of your gadget.Verbally explain the significance of the innovations on your timeline (Your selection process).Each stage represented by a picture and a year.Works Cited (website where you got most of your facts/dates.)

Industrial Capitalism Following Adam Smiths economic philosophy, large-scale industrial capitalism developed in western Europe and the U.S.BIG Idea

Great Britain initially tried to keep industrial technology a secret by restricting the flow of machines and skilled workers to other countries.In 1789, industrial spinner Samuel Slater emigrated to the U.S. disguised as a farmer.Using Great Britain as a model, western Europe and the U.S. began rapid industrialization.Capitalism (a.k.a. Free enterprise/market): economic system in which individuals, not the govt, own the means of production (land & factories) & decide how to run their business to make a profit.

Whats this?Long-term growth with alternating periods of business expansion and decline.

Mass ProductionDivision of Labor: each worker does one specialized task.Identical products move on an assembly line.Henry FordReplace human labor with machines.

How would mass production affect productivity & profits?Increased productivity & profitsLower prices

Adam Smith (Father of Capitalism)Laissez-Faire: a policy of allowing business to run without government interference. (Dont Touch)

Let supply and demand operate freely.

Individual self-interest (greed) adds up to the common good.Competition creates the best goods at the lowest prices.

The profit motive encourages efficient production.

Is Smith right? Has industrial capitalism benefited society? Lets take a look at a few industrial revolution inventions.

Thomas Edison invented the incandescent light bulb in the 1870s, making electric lighting cheap and accessible.

Alexander Gram Bell invented the telephone in 1876.

Henry Fords assembly line mass production of the Model T made cars available and affordable (1913).

Industrial SocietyPopulation GrowthMore & cheaper foodIncreased life expectancyUpward social mobilityLess rigid social structureUrbanization: growth of cities

AssignmentEssential Learning Target: Evaluate the impact of economic thought.

Lets read the economic philosophy behind industry and big business.Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations

Socialism and the Working ClassWealth disparities and the plight of the working class led some to question capitalism.

BIG Idea

The Working ClassIndustry led many to urban poverty.Capitalist competition led to long hours, low wages, and dangerous working conditions.Child LaborRigid bell schedules

Boy dragging a cart filled with coal through a tunnel in a Scottish mine about 1843. (An average cart weighted 200-650 pounds)

A textile mill in Macon, Georgia circa 1909.

A tenement in New York, 1900. Often, entire working-class families would share this one room.

Whats the meaning of this political cartoon?

Formed labor unions for collective bargaining.Strikes

Socialism: economic theory stating that the means of production (land, factories, etc.) should be publicly owned and wealth distributed equally among all.Replace competition with cooperation.

Karl MarxHistory advances through stages of economic class conflict.In the last stage, workers (proletariat) will overthrow owners (bourgeoisie) and create communism/socialism.1. Slaves v. Masters2. Peasants v. Lords3. Workers v. Owners4. Communism

Without private property, social classes and government will vanish.Believed econ. determines human nature.Governing Principle: From each according to his ability, to each according to his need.

AssignmentEssential Learning Target: Give examples of how philosophical beliefs have influenced society.

Industrial Life created new ways to think about the world.Lets read Marxs Communist Manifesto.

Works CitedAlexander Graham Bell at the opening of the long-distance line from New York to Chicago. 1892. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress. Web. Web. 4 Jan. 2010. .Andrews, Benjamin. The Cotton-Gin, a machine that processes cotton. 1895. Florida Center for Instructional Technology, Tampa. Web. Web. 30 Dec. 2009. .Ann, Kythera. Gold Animated Peace Sign. 2008. Crystal Cloud Graphics. Web. Web. 4 Jan. 2010. .Chaplin, Ralph. One Big Union. 1917. Private collection. Web. Web. 4 Jan. 2010. .Cotton Gin. Private collection. Web. Web. 30 Dec. 2009. .Early Form of Bessemer Converting Plant at Sheffield. Private collection. Web. Web. 30 Dec. 2009. .Evolution of Batman. N.d. ImgurWeb. 4 Feb 2013. .

Farah, Mounir A., and Andrea B. Karls. World History The Human Experience. New York: Glencoe/McGraw Hill, 1999. 598-633. Print."Great Britain: Canals and Navigable Rivers." Map. . N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Dec. 2008."Great Britain: Coal and Iron Ore Deposits." Map. . N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Dec. 2008.Grim Reaper. Private collection. Web. Web. 23 Dec. 2009. .Groening, Matt. Bender. 2008. Private collection. Web. Web. 3 Jan. 2010. .Handloom Weaver using Kay's Flying Shuttle. Private collection. Web. Web. 23 Dec. 2009. .Hine, Lewis W. Mill Children in Macon. 1909. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Web. Web. 4 Jan. 2010. .In New York, officials investigate a squalid tenement, 1900. Private collection. Web. Web. 4 Jan. 2010. .I.W.W. Logo Join the One Big Union. 2002. University of California Regents, Berkeley. Web. Web. 4 Jan. 2010. .Karl Marx V. 2008. Private collection. Web. Web. 4 Jan. 2010. .Karl Marx. Private collection. Web. Web. 4 Jan. 2010. .Kuik, Ted. Busy Factory. 2008. CoolNotions.com. Web. Web. 3 Jan. 2010. .Kuik, Ted. Laser Blasting Hole in Metal Cylinder. 2008. CoolNotions.com. Web. Web. 3 Jan. 2010. .Kuik, Ted. Metal Cylinder Being Stamped. 2008. CoolNotions.com. Web. Web. 3 Jan. 2010. .MC Hammer. 2005. Private collection. Web. Web. 4 Jan. 2010. .Moving animated bunny on assembly line coloring Easter eggs. N.d. Net AnimationsWeb. 5 Feb 2013.