33
The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and

Carbon

Paul Bony

Director of Residential Market Development

Page 2: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

34% of Natural Gas Directly (55% Incl. Gen)34% of Natural Gas Directly (55% Incl. Gen)

73% of U.S. Electricity73% of U.S. Electricity

Buildings drive 40% of U.S. Buildings drive 40% of U.S. Primary Energy Consumption &Primary Energy Consumption &39% of U.S. Carbon Emissions39% of U.S. Carbon Emissions

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

Sa

les

(B

illio

n k

Wh

)Buildings

Industry

Source: EIA Annual Energy Review, Table 8.9, June 2007

Buildings Drive Electricity Supply Buildings Drive Electricity Supply InvestmentInvestment

Page 3: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Potential of Demand-Side Efficiency Global CO2 Emissions Outlook –

International Energy Association (IEA) 2006

65% EE“The Fruit on the Ground”

Page 4: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Why the Geo Industry Supports Utility Financing Efforts

DOE Industry Roadmap Growth Goal - 1 Million GHPs Annually by 2017 – Results in 3.3 million installations by 2017– 26 MMT annual CO2 reduction– 520 MMT lifecycle CO2 reduction over 20 yr

GHP life– Creates up to 100,000 new jobs

(The conventional A/C and heat pump market is 6 to 8 million units annually)

Page 5: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Geothermal Heat Pumps

Conventional HVAC Geothermal HVAC

Page 6: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Geothermal Heat Pump Systems combine Sun, Earth and Water

using proven technology…

… to create “the most energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective

space-conditioning system”(according to U.S. EPA 1993)

Page 7: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Simple Concept

Water moves energy better than air doesWater in the ground provides renewable energy

7

Typical water-refrigerant Heat Exchanger used in most GSHP equipment

Page 8: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Geothermal Heat Pumps

Commercial Buildings

Black Point Inn - Prouts Neck, MEBlack Point Inn - Prouts Neck, ME

Alta Condos, Washington DCAlta Condos, Washington DC French Laundry Rest.- Napa, CAFrench Laundry Rest.- Napa, CA

Galt House Hotel - Louisville, KYGalt House Hotel - Louisville, KY

Gaillardia Offices – Okla. CityGaillardia Offices – Okla. City

Statue of Liberty Gift Statue of Liberty Gift ShopShop

California University of PACalifornia University of PA

Harvard Library – Cambridge, MAHarvard Library – Cambridge, MA Whistler Village - BC, CanadaWhistler Village - BC, Canada

Hirschfeld Towers – Denver, COHirschfeld Towers – Denver, CO

ASHRAE Headquarters - Atlanta, GAASHRAE Headquarters - Atlanta, GA

Yale Art Bld. – New Haven, CTYale Art Bld. – New Haven, CT

Page 9: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Habitat for Humanity

1300 Sq. Ft. Low Energy Habitat for Humanity Homes

Page 10: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Habitat for HumanityLow Energy Home Construction Details

Geothermal Heat Pump / Foam Insulation / Low-E Glass / CFL Lighting / Energy Star Appliances

Page 11: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Habitat for HumanityHabitat for HumanityAverage of 16 Homes - Total Site Energy Use in Average of 16 Homes - Total Site Energy Use in

20072007

Habitat for Humanity

-

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

kWh

per

M2

Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07 Apr-07 May-07 Jun-07 Jul-07 Aug-07 Sep-07 Oct-07 Nov-07 Dec-07

Geothermal Gas Furnace w A/C

50% Site Energy Savings50% Site Energy Savings

Page 12: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Habitat for HumanitySite Energy Consumption by End Use

95

45

10

18

6

16

0

42

96 6 6

15

0

30

5 47

2

12

0

19

5 47

2

12

-11

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

Total Heating Cooling Hot Water Lighting Appliance Solar PV

MM

Btu

/ y

ear

Std Home - GAS Std Home - GHP

LE Home - GHP LE Home - GHP + PV

Page 13: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

95

42

30

19

174

140

102

64

25,460

21,432

15,562

9,825

0

50

100

150

200

250

Std Home - GAS Std Home - GHP LE Home - GHP LE Home - GHP + PV

MM

Btu

/ ye

ar

0

6,000

12,000

18,000

24,000

30,000

CO

2 Em

issi

on

s lb

s / y

ear

Site Energy

Source Energy

Carbon Emissions

Habitat for HumanityTotal Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions

16% to 61% Reduction in Carbon Emissions

Page 14: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

GHP SummarykW/ton at 85 F Outside Air Temperature

EER GHP

#1

GHP

#2

GHP

#3

Average *Difference vs13 SEER AC

15.1 0.89 0.84 0.83 0.85 0.45

16 0.85 0.81 0.81 0.82 0.48

17 0.80 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.52

*Assumes 13 SEER AC at 105° F outside air temperature is about 1.3 kW/tonGHP EER of 15.1 is our minimum standard for rebate

GHPValue.5 kW/ton

Demand Impacts

Page 15: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Demand Impacts

ClimateMaster is working with the Utility Geothermal Working Group and Oak Ridge National Lab to develop a national GSHP demand and energy savings “map” using eQuest (DOE 2) modeling for utility program managers.

Austin TX model results

Page 16: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Demand Impacts

4 ton Geo vs. Conventional –Home Peaks – Denver Colorado

Avg. of 2.1kw savings

Page 17: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Demand Impacts

Each residential heat pump linked to geothermal system can reduce peak loads in (US DOE)

• Summer by 1–2 KW vs. AC• Winter by 4–8 KW vs. AAHP & ER

Residential (Electric Program)• Over 10 million residential consumers• Assume just 1 KW reduction per installation• 10,000 MW demand reduction

Page 18: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

A Tale of Two Buildings

Palo Alto, CAOklahoma City, OK

PROJECT RESULTS FROM:PROJECT RESULTS FROM:

A “side by side” Comparison of a Ground Source Heat Pump System vs.

Conventional HVAC System between two “identical” buildings.

Page 19: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Oklahoma City - Garrett Buildings

Conventional 15,000 sq ft Built in 1987

Conventional Roof Top VAV Building

GHP 20,000 sq ft Built in 1997

40 boreholes drilled 250 feet deep on 20 foot centers and 3/4 inch PE pipe

16 Ceiling Mounted Units

Page 20: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Garrett Office BuildingsActual Metered Annual Energy Use

2006-2007

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

kBtu

per

Sq

uar

e F

oo

t

VAV System Geothermal

Total

Electricity

Gas

47% Site Energy Savings47% Site Energy Savings

Page 21: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

Jul-06 Aug-06 Sep-06 Oct-06 Nov-06 Dec-06 Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07 Apr-07 May-07 Jun-07

Wat

ts p

er S

qu

are

Fo

ot

VAV System

Geothermal

Garrett Office BuildingsMonthly Peak Demand 2006-2007

35% Peak Demand Reduction35% Peak Demand Reduction

Page 22: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Load Factor (4 yr Monthly Average)

Page 23: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Palo Alto, California Buildings

Page 24: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

2183 and 2185 Park Blvd Buildings

Two Stories

10,000 sq ft each

Built in the 1960s

Page 25: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Palo Alto Buildings Energy Costs

construction

Page 26: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Hourly Load Curve Sample 08/22/2006

Page 27: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Proven Benefits: GSHP retrofit of 4,000 buildings/homes at Fort Polk - 1994

Evaluation showed 33% kWh savings, 43% lower summer peak kW demand, and improved load factor (0.52 to 0.62)ORNL/CON-460 @ www.ornl.gov/sci/ees/etsd/btric/ground-source.shtml

Typical distribution feeder (16 in all)

Buried phone line to nearest pedestal

Current transducers on secondary leads to existing meter

New recording watt meter, modem,

and phone line

To recorder

Army’s existing meter

Page 28: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Geothermal Heat Pumps

The difference in the before and after system efficiency = carbon emissions savings.

300,000 GSHP retrofits could save approximately the carbon emissions of a 500 mW coal plant (which serves 300,000 +/- homes!)

Page 29: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Existing Housing Stock (# Homes) - 2005

Gas – 13.1millionElectric – 1.3 millionPropane – 1.1 millionHeat Pump – 800kOil – 700kOther – 700k

Gas – 5.3 millionElectric – 1.0 millionPropane – 800kHeat Pump – 400kOil – 200kOther – 200k

Gas – 5.7 millionElectric – 4.3 millionPropane – 800kHeat Pump – 900kOther – 400k

EIA 2005 ResidentialEnergy Consumption Survey

Page 30: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Geo Heat Pump Retrofits in Existing Homes - Example of Annual Energy and Carbon Savings Potential

CO2 – 10.0 MMTSummer Peak – 1.9 GWWinter Peak– 0.3 GWElectric – 6.8 Billion kWhPrimary – 0.14 quad Btu

Geo Units – 1.0 millionCost - $10 to $14 billionSavings - $2.7 billion / yr

Assumed Market Penetration:

25% of homes without access to natural gas

CO2 – 8.4 MMTSummer Peak – 1.2 GWWinter Peak– 0.8 GWElectric – 6.3 Billion kWhPrimary – 0.12 quad Btu

Geo Units – 0.6 millionCost - $6 to $8 billionSavings - $1.6 billion / yr

CO2 – 14.4 MMTSummer Peak – 3.1 GWWinter Peak– 9.7 GWElectric – 25.4 Billion kWhPrimary – 0.21 quad Btu

Geo Units – 1.5 millionCost - $15 to $21 billionSavings - $3.3 billion / yr

Page 31: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Geothermal Heat Pumpsare the Most Efficient way to convert

Green Energy into Heating, Cooling and Water Heating

Making the most effective use of this precious resource

No Carbon Electricity = carbon free heating, cooling & water heating

Page 32: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

The payback on Geothermal Systemsis many times faster

than solar PV

But….Geo plus PV (or micro wind) can provide a zero energy home/building with no net off-site electricity or fossil fuel required

Page 33: The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon Paul Bony Director of Residential Market Development

Thank You For Your Attention!Questions?

Paul Bony

[email protected]

970-249-8476

If you ever need a hand you can reach me at: