The Impact of the French Revolution: The Impact of the French Revolution: Liberty, Equality and FraternityLiberty, Equality and Fraternity

Reaction to French Revolution Reaction to French Revolution French spread their ideals all over Europe.French spread their ideals all over Europe.

Dominated the other countries. Dominated the other countries. Some countries united- Germany and ItalySome countries united- Germany and Italy Other countries rebelled and failed. . Other countries rebelled and failed. .

Napoleon Around the WorldNapoleon Around the World

Napoleon’s influence in other countriesNapoleon’s influence in other countries

Europe- All of Europe united in their hatred of the French Europe- All of Europe united in their hatred of the French and kept the peace for almost 100 years. and kept the peace for almost 100 years.

The United States- Louisiana Purchase – needed $ to The United States- Louisiana Purchase – needed $ to fight the Britishfight the British

Mexico- Fought the Spanish, gave Mexico time to revoltMexico- Fought the Spanish, gave Mexico time to revolt The British and the United States – never were The British and the United States – never were

conquered by Napoleon- we don’t use the metric system conquered by Napoleon- we don’t use the metric system

NationalismNationalism The idea of a nation consisting of people The idea of a nation consisting of people

unified by common culture, language, and/or unified by common culture, language, and/or religion, who should all be ruled by one religion, who should all be ruled by one governmentgovernment

RacismRacism

Race- a category of humankind that Race- a category of humankind that shares certain distinctive physical traitsshares certain distinctive physical traits

Racism- a belief that race is the primary Racism- a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular raceinherent superiority of a particular race

Name the RaceName the Race

NationalityNationality

RaceRace

Nationality that is also a Nationality that is also a languagelanguage

OtherOther

Centers of European NationalismCenters of European Nationalism

IrelandIreland Ireland became directly governed by the Ireland became directly governed by the

British Crown after 1800, British Crown after 1800, • Nationalists demanded either independence or Nationalists demanded either independence or

autonomy autonomy

Did not receive their independence until after Did not receive their independence until after WWI (1919)WWI (1919)

Polish Polish NationalismNationalism Polish nationalists urged for armed struggle to Polish nationalists urged for armed struggle to

regain independence from Austria, Prussia, and regain independence from Austria, Prussia, and Russia Russia

Poland gained independence in 1989Poland gained independence in 1989

Hungarian NationalismHungarian Nationalism

Empress Maria Theresa granted some rights Empress Maria Theresa granted some rights to the Hungarian nobilityto the Hungarian nobility Nationalists launched several uprisings, and Nationalists launched several uprisings, and

participated in the Revolutions of 1848 participated in the Revolutions of 1848

Austria and Hungary became virtually separate Austria and Hungary became virtually separate nationsnations

Reaction in Austria and Germany Reaction in Austria and Germany Austria Austria

Very Conservative- keep things the same Very Conservative- keep things the same Austria was threatened as the most multi-Austria was threatened as the most multi-

ethnic country in Europe ethnic country in Europe

The Austrians wanted to dominate the states of The Austrians wanted to dominate the states of the the German ConfederationGerman Confederation,,

Ended up a separate country Ended up a separate country (Nobody likes a bully)(Nobody likes a bully)

German ConfederationGerman Confederation Over 300 German kingdoms, Prussia was the Over 300 German kingdoms, Prussia was the

strongeststrongest

Under Prussian leadership the German states merged Under Prussian leadership the German states merged into Germany in 1871 into Germany in 1871

Balkan NationalismBalkan Nationalism Numerous ethnic groups wanted Numerous ethnic groups wanted

independence, including Greeks, Serbs, independence, including Greeks, Serbs, Albanians, Romanians, and Bulgarians Albanians, Romanians, and Bulgarians

Greeks and Serbs gained independence in Greeks and Serbs gained independence in 1821 and 1830, from the Ottoman Empire 1821 and 1830, from the Ottoman Empire

Other groups still fighting. . . Other groups still fighting. . .

Revolutions in Revolutions in Latin AmericaLatin America

Terms to knowTerms to know Peninsulares – Europeans who moved to Peninsulares – Europeans who moved to

Latin AmericaLatin America Creoles- Native born Latin Americans of Creoles- Native born Latin Americans of

European descentEuropean descent Mestizos - Native born Latin American of Mestizos - Native born Latin American of

European and Native descentEuropean and Native descent Mulattos – Native born Latin Americans of Mulattos – Native born Latin Americans of

European and African descentEuropean and African descent

Reasons for Creole discontent Reasons for Creole discontent Wanted to trade freely in Latin America Wanted to trade freely in Latin America

and with North America and Europe and with North America and Europe

Resented the Resented the peninsularespeninsulares for better jobs for better jobs and treatment and treatment

Elites read and adopted the ideas of the Elites read and adopted the ideas of the EnlightenmentEnlightenment

HaitiHaiti

French colony - Started by a slave French colony - Started by a slave revolt led by revolt led by Toussaint L'OuvertureToussaint L'Ouverture in in 1794 1794

Not led by the CreolesNot led by the Creoles

Haiti became independent in 1804 Haiti became independent in 1804

Rio de La PlataRio de La Plata (Argentina) (Argentina) Started with a revolt in Buenos Aires,Started with a revolt in Buenos Aires, 1810 Junta (Military dictatorship) overthrew 1810 Junta (Military dictatorship) overthrew

the Spanish and sent troops into Paraguay the Spanish and sent troops into Paraguay and Uruguayand Uruguay

1814 - Jose de San Martin 1814 - Jose de San Martin • General of the Rio de La Plata forcesGeneral of the Rio de La Plata forces• Led an army across the Andes Led an army across the Andes

Mountains Mountains

1817 - San Martin occupied Santiago, Chile, 1817 - San Martin occupied Santiago, Chile, By 1821, San Martin defeated the royalists in By 1821, San Martin defeated the royalists in

Lima and declared himself Protector of PeruLima and declared himself Protector of Peru

VenezuelaVenezuela 1810 - 1810 - Simon BolivarSimon Bolivar organized a junta in Caracas organized a junta in Caracas

Bolivar advocated a republicBolivar advocated a republic 1811-1814 - Civil war between royalists and their 1811-1814 - Civil war between royalists and their

supporters (slaves and supporters (slaves and llanerosllaneros - Venezuelan - Venezuelan cowboys) and the republican governmentcowboys) and the republican government

Bolivar forced into exile in Colombia and Jamaica Bolivar forced into exile in Colombia and Jamaica

1816 - With help from Haiti, Bolivar invaded Venezuela 1816 - With help from Haiti, Bolivar invaded Venezuela 1821 - Bolivar captured Caracas and became president1821 - Bolivar captured Caracas and became president

Bolivar helped Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivar helped Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama become independent. Bolivia was named and Panama become independent. Bolivia was named in his honorin his honor

New SpainNew Spain (Mexico,Texas,California)(Mexico,Texas,California)

A junta was organizedA junta was organized Creole priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla called for Creole priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla called for

rebellion to the Indians in his parish rebellion to the Indians in his parish • Indians and other repressed groups responded Indians and other repressed groups responded • Father Hidalgo proposed social and land reform, Father Hidalgo proposed social and land reform,

July 1811 - Hidalgo was captured and killed, July 1811 - Hidalgo was captured and killed, Leadership went to mestizo priest Jose Maria Morelos y Leadership went to mestizo priest Jose Maria Morelos y

Pavon,Pavon,

1815 - Morelos was executed, and the uprising 1815 - Morelos was executed, and the uprising ended ended

United Spanish and Creole conservative groups in United Spanish and Creole conservative groups in MexicoMexico

Texas and CaliforniaTexas and California

New Spain continued. . New Spain continued. .

1820 - Conservatives' power was challenged, 1820 - Conservatives' power was challenged, The Spanish monarchy wanted to come backThe Spanish monarchy wanted to come back

Conservatives rallied behind royalist general Conservatives rallied behind royalist general

Augustin de Iturbide Augustin de Iturbide • Declared independence in 1821Declared independence in 1821• Supported his declaration as emperor Supported his declaration as emperor

Imperial government did not last long, but Imperial government did not last long, but Spain was never again in power in MexicoSpain was never again in power in Mexico

BrazilBrazil Brazilian independence was peaceful Brazilian independence was peaceful

Portuguese royal family came to Brazil and Portuguese royal family came to Brazil and transformed Rio de Janeiro into a court city transformed Rio de Janeiro into a court city

1815 - Brazil became a kingdom, 1815 - Brazil became a kingdom, no longer no longer being a colony of Portugal being a colony of Portugal

1820 - 1820 - Portuguese revolution demanded that Portuguese revolution demanded that Brazil be restored to colonial status and King Brazil be restored to colonial status and King Joao return to Portugal Joao return to Portugal • Joao left his son Dom Pedro as regentJoao left his son Dom Pedro as regent

September 1822 - Dom Pedro accepted September 1822 - Dom Pedro accepted Brazilian independence and became Brazilian independence and became Emperor of Brazil, the imperial government Emperor of Brazil, the imperial government surviving until 1889 surviving until 1889