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The French RevolutionThe French RevolutionChapter 20 Sec 1 Pages 593-Chapter 20 Sec 1 Pages 593-
599599
Liberty Equality
Fraternity
How do you know when a system is unfair?
What you will learn
Problems in French society led to a revolution, the formation of a new government, and the end of the monarchy.
Crash CourseCrash Course
http://youtu.be/lTTvKwCylFY
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Key Concept:Key Concept: How did the Enlightenment evolve and affect society and
government?◦ The scientific revolution shattered long-held views about
the universe. This encouraged Enlightenment thinkers to question
society and government:◦ Locke (contract between government and governed)◦ Montesquieu (checks and balances)◦ Rousseau (individual freedom and civilization corrupts)◦ Voltaire (freedom of thought and expression)
◦ Their beliefs in the natural rights of man inspired the American and French Revolutions.
◦ These ideas were RADICAL!
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Key Concept… Key Concept…
Scientific revolution
New thinking encouraged
New thinking leads to revolutions in America and France
Ingredients for Revolution-Ingredients for Revolution-MonoarchyMonoarchy
Monarchy: Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette◦ Put country in debt
Supporting American Revolution Personal luxuries
◦Louis XVI Weak leader
◦Couldn’t control country’s spending◦Couldn’t control wife’s spending
Ingredients for Revolution-Ingredients for Revolution- Marie- AntoinetteMarie- Antoinette
Louis XVI WifeFrom Austria
◦Traditional enemy of FrancePeople of France hated her
◦Austrian WhoreFrivolous and self indulgent
Marie Marie Antoinette Antoinette
and the and the Royal Royal
ChildrenChildren
Marie Antoinette’sMarie Antoinette’s“Peasant Cottage”“Peasant Cottage”
Marie Antoinette’sMarie Antoinette’s“Peasant Cottage”“Peasant Cottage”
The Necklace ScandalThe Necklace Scandal
1,600,000 1,600,000 livreslivres
[$100 million today][$100 million today]
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Ingredients for RevolutionIngredients for RevolutionInspirationInspiration
1688: Glorious/Bloodless Revolution in England removes James II
◦ William and Mary take over No more Catholic kings or queens No more absolute monarchy
◦ Parliament ◦ Bill of Rights
Enlightenment ideasAmerican Revolution (1776) and Constitution
(1789)
Ingredients for Revolution- Ingredients for Revolution- InequalitiesInequalities
The Estates in France◦ 1st Estate = clergy = wealthy/no taxes = privileged ◦ 2nd Estate = nobles = wealthy/few taxes = privileged◦ 3rd Estate = everybody else
Bourgeoisie/middle class = some wealth = high taxes = some rights◦ Bankers◦ Merchants◦ Professionals◦ Business owners
Sans Culottes◦ Farmers and peasants
Socio-Economic Data, 1789Socio-Economic Data, 1789
Ingredients for Revolution-Ingredients for Revolution-Financial CrisisFinancial Crisis
France is in debt◦Wars ◦Versailles◦Kings spending on himself and wife
Tried to tax the 2nd Estate◦They refused
Ingredients for Revolution-Ingredients for Revolution-Financial CrisisFinancial CrisisHailstorm and drought in Summer 1788
◦ Ruined crops◦ No food to feed people
Harsh winter in 1788◦ Froze rivers◦ Water wheels froze in grain mills◦ No food for the people◦ No money for owners
Hunger and cold grew to miseryMisery became anger1st and 2nd class could have help by ending tax
exemptions but refused
The French Urban PoorThe French Urban Poor
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
% of Income Spent on Bread
1787
1788
a Urban Urban Commoner’sCommoner’sBudget:Budget:
– Food 80%Food 80%– Rent 25%Rent 25%– Tithe 10%Tithe 10%– Taxes 35%Taxes 35%– Clothing 20%Clothing 20%– TOTAL 170%TOTAL 170%
a King’s King’s Budget:Budget:
– Interest 50%Interest 50%– Army 25%Army 25%– Versailles 25%Versailles 25%– Coronation 10%Coronation 10%– Loans 25%Loans 25%– Admin. 25%Admin. 25%– TOTAL 160%TOTAL 160%
Financial ProblemsFinancial Problemsin France, 1789in France, 1789
French Budget, 1774French Budget, 1774
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Ingredients for Revolution…Ingredients for Revolution…
Needed more money = taxes on the 2nd Estate
◦ 1789: 2nd Estate forces Louis to call a meeting of Estates-General First such meeting in 175 years Purpose was to tax the 3rd Estate First two estates could out vote the 3rd Estate,
even though the 3rd Estate had more people.
The 3rd Estate wants a change in the voting process◦ representation
◦ Louis sides with 1st and 2nd Estates
Commoners3rd Estate
Aristocracy2nd Estate
Clergy1st Estate
The Number of RepresentativesThe Number of Representativesin the Estates General: Vote by Head!in the Estates General: Vote by Head!
300
300
648
Commoners3rd Estate
Aristocracy
2nd Estate
Clergy1st Estate
The Suggested Voting Pattern:The Suggested Voting Pattern:Voting by EstatesVoting by Estates
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1
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Louis XIV insisted that Louis XIV insisted that the ancient distinction of the the ancient distinction of the three orders be conserved in its entirety.three orders be conserved in its entirety.
What’s Happening?
What caused the French Revolution?\◦Enlightenment ideas; poor leadership; financial
crisis; hunger and coldWhat groups made up the 1st and 2nd
Estate?◦1st- clergy; 2nd- nobles
What are some possible reasons for the reluctance of the 1st and 2nd estate to eliminate tax exemptions?◦Pride; tradition; lack of empathy for 3rd Estate
The Fuse Is Lit!The Fuse Is Lit!The 3rd estate was upset that there request to
vote individually was ignoredThey would declare themselves a Legislature
◦ Right to make laws for FranceThe king NOW would take action
◦ By locking them out of the General AssemblyThe 3rd Estate meet at in indoor tennis court and
declared they would not leave until they wrote a constitution for France◦ Tennis Court Oath
The king would finally given and gave each representative a vote◦ Creates a Monarchy not Absolute
““The Tennis Court Oath”The Tennis Court Oath”by Jacques Louis Davidby Jacques Louis David
June 20, 1789June 20, 1789
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The Revolution Goes Off!The Revolution Goes Off! Rumors
◦ King to use military against National Assembly◦ King to send troops to Paris to massacre French citizens
In order to preserve the Monarchy Citizens arm themselves with whatever they can July 14, 1789: The Bastille prison is stormed by a mob looking
for weapons◦ Release prisoners (7)◦ Take some guards hostage and killed others
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The Great Fear SpreadsThe Great Fear SpreadsPeasants fear retaliation on part of King for
Storming of the BastilleRumor
◦ Nobles hiring outlaws to attack peasantsCitizens (peasants) break into houses of nobles
◦ Destroy legal papers (can’t owe king or lord what can’t be proved)
◦ Kill nobles◦ Burn houses
A chateau burns as peasants riot in the countryside
What’s Happening
What happened during the 1st events of the Revolution?◦ 3rd Estate demanded more representation and right; mob
stormed the Bastille; rumors of retaliation spreadDid the National Assembly created by the 3rd
estate have the right to make laws for all of France?◦ Yes, they represented 97% of the population
Why did the mob storm the Bastille?◦ To look for weapons
What did the people fear after the fall of the Bastille?◦ The king would punish them and end the revolution
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Statement of Revolutionary IdealsStatement of Revolutionary Ideals August 1789: National Assembly adopts Declaration of the
Rights of Man and of the Citizen◦ Influenced by Enlightenment & U.S. Declaration of
Independence “Men are born and remain
free and equal in rights.”◦ Rights included
Liberty Property Security Resistance to oppression Equal justice Freedom of speech Freedom of religion
Revolutionary leaders adopt “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” as motto (fraternity = brotherhood)
Illustration of Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
The Great Fear Spreads…The Great Fear Spreads…
Alarmed by National Assemblies actions Alarmed by National Assemblies actions Louis calls in troops to protect the throne Louis calls in troops to protect the throne in Versaillesin Versailles
Afraid the King would try to crush the Afraid the King would try to crush the revolution the people would reactrevolution the people would react
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The Great Fear Spreads…The Great Fear Spreads… : Women riot at Versailles over cost of bread
◦ Demands: bread King and queen agree to return to
ParisLouis will agree
August 1789: Great Fear spreads to clergy and nobles, more of whom now (out of fear) support National Assembly
◦ National Assembly ends Estate system
◦ Commoners/peasants now equal to clergy and nobles
◦ Now encouraged the Assembly will take even bolder steps
33
State-Controlled ChurchState-Controlled ChurchNational Assembly goes after
Catholic Church◦ Takes lands
Sale of church lands helps pay off French debt
◦ Declares clergy will be elected and paid as state officials
Cartoon: “The Zenith of French Glory; The Pinnacle of Liberty.” A French revolutionary watches a beheading while resting his foot on the head of a hanging clergyman.
Formation of a new Government
Sept 3rd, 1791National Assembly creates new legislative
body◦(Constitutional Monarchy)
Citizens gain voting rights◦Male◦Over 25◦Taxpayers
Kept monarchy but restricts kings power
What’s Happening?
How did the French create a new nation?◦ National assemble completes a constitution; restricted
kings power; gave citizens broad rights; ended monarchyWhat was the outcome of the women's march on
Versailles?◦ Louis made peace with the crowd and agreed to return
to Paris?Why did the National Assembly turn the clergy
into public employees?◦ They wanted the clergy to be accountable to the public;
not part of a separate institution
36
Royals ArrestedRoyals ArrestedLouis XVI and Marie Antoinette try to sneak out
of countryFeared they were not safe
◦ Arrested near Austrian border◦ Attempted escape made revolutionaries even angrier
at royalty
Arrest of Louis XVI and his Family, Varennes, 1791
Intervention of Foreign powersAustria and Prussia issue declaration of
warning against harming the French Monarchs◦Such action will provoke war◦Austria sent 50K troops to French Boarder◦French Legislative Assembly declared war
French are defeated◦Causes
Lack of funds Food shortages High Prices
◦Results People blame king Fear revolution will be
overturned
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War and Execution…War and Execution…Revolutionary have noting to lose w/ mob action
Take Louis and family prisoners and demoted to commoner status
◦ Mobs raid prisons◦ murder over 1,000 nobles
= September MassacresRadicals force- Radicals take control
◦ Legislative Assembly votes itself out- fear of radicals◦ Creation of a new government, National Convention
New government 1st acts Abolishes monarchy
Declares France a republic
Illustration by Armand Fouquier of the September Massacres
What's Happening
What challenges were Face by the people of France in August of 1792?◦Mob violence, foreign invasion, unstable
government
Review your notes about the causes and effects of the French Revolution. Then use the graphic organizer to list the causes and the immediate effects of the French Revolution.
List 3 (5 Points)
THE REPUBLIC
Chapter 20 Sec 2Pages 601-606
Bellringer 20.2
You are a member of one of the French estates. Write a short letter to the editor of the newspaper, arguing for or against each representative to the Estates-General having one vote.
What you will Learn
An extreme government changed French society and tried through harsh means to eliminate its critics within France.
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Divisions DevelopDivisions Develop
All members of the National Convention Supported the revolution split revolutionaries
◦ Radicals/(Jacobians/ Montagards) Left: get rid of king, redo government
◦ Moderates/ (Girondins) Center: wanted some changes in government
◦ Conservatives/ (The Plain)Right: wanted to keep a limited monarchy with few changes in government
Radical Leaders
Jean Paul Marat- Advocated violence◦Leader of Sans-culottes (the lower-class in
Paris) wanted even more radical change◦They had no power in the assembly (but that
didn’t stop them!)
Two illustrations of sans-culottes
Radical LeadersGeorge-Jacques Danton
◦Violent agitator◦Compromiser◦Popular with public◦Didn’t like revolutions excesses
Maximiliem Robespierre◦Dedicated to revolution◦Became increasing radical◦Led National revolution
during it’s bloodiest time
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War and Execution…War and Execution…
National Convention, led by radical Jacobians put Louis XVI on trial and sentence him to death
◦ January 21, 1793: Louis beheaded by guillotine.
War with Prussia continues.◦ Prussia and Austria are joined by
England Holland Spain
◦ National Convention takes extreme step of ordering a draft of men and women
Illustration of the execution of Louis XVI
“They have killed our King; chased away our priests; sold the goods of our Church; eaten everything we have; and now they want to take our bodies. No, they shall not have them!”
Peasants begin to be against the revolution
Transforming SocietyLeaders of new government tried to erase
all connections to old ways1793: Maximilien Robespierre gains
power◦Vowed to build a “republic of virtue” by erasing
France’s past.◦Clergy lost positions◦Churches closed in Paris◦Robespierre created new church
Cult of Supreme Being◦People changed title of Bible to Rights of Man◦Changed to metric System◦New calendars with new names for months
Transforming Society
.
To erase connections with royalty, makers of playing cards replaced the traditional images of kings and queens with revolutionary ideals. For example, in place of the queens were the freedoms of worship, marriage, the press, and the professions
Instead of stiff fussy dresses, women began to wear light, loose ones that recalled the styles of ancient Greece—much admired for its democracy.
Household items also showed revolutionary themes. Here, a wallpaper panel displays revolutionary slogans and a red Phrygian (FRI-jee-uhn) cap. The Phrygian cap became a popular symbol of the Revolution because freed slaves of ancient Rome wore such caps.
51
Divisions…Divisions…
Many groups in France fighting for power
◦ Peasants loyal to Catholic Church and/or king
◦ Clergy resisting government control
◦ Rival leaders in different regions of France
◦ Catholic and Royal Armies begin a counter revolution in Western France
52
Reign of TerrorReign of TerrorReign of Terror = Robespierre = leader of
Committee of Public Safety (Revolutionary Tribunal) and virtual dictator◦ Goal = protect revolution from its enemies
Bogus arrests, trials Lots of torture and death
◦ Many “enemies of the revolution” = personal enemies of Robespierre because of their challenges to his power
◦ Apprx. 17,000 killed in 10 months◦ 85% = peasants or middle class, those
who were supposed to benefit from the revolution
◦ Foreign opposition is increased due to Reign of Terror
53
End of TerrorEnd of Terror1794: Fearing for own safety, members of
National Convention turn on Robespierre◦ Demand his arrest and execution
Reign of Terror ends on July 28, 1794 with Robespierre’s execution
◦ Public opinion shifts Tired of terror Tired of inflation for necessities
A New Government◦1795: National Convention creates third
government since 1789 Gives more power to upper middle class Creates two-house legislature (like U.S.
Congress) Created Directory = five men acting as
executive body (like U.S. president)
Directory is weak and corruptDirectory fall into patterns of Old RegimeFrances troubles will continues
UNTIL…………
What’s Happening
Why wasn’t the Reign of Terror ended sooner?◦If people challenged the policy, they would be
tried and executedWhat was the new governing board called?
◦The directoryWhy was this new government ineffective?
◦They were weak and corrupt; fell into patterns of Old Regime
Categorize Review your notes about changes during the French Revolution. Then use the interactive graphic organizer to chart the ways in which the French Revolution affected the daily
lives of the French people.
.
Napoleon’s EuropeNapoleon’s EuropeChapter 20 Sec 3 Pages 608-613
Bell Ringer 20.3
Write and present a short speech describing the ways you think the Reign of Terror has changed your life.
What you will learn
Napoleon Bonaparte rose through military ranks to become emperor over France and much of Europe.
Napoleon Biography - Facts, Birthday, Life Story - Biography.com
Napoleon’s Rise to PowerNapoleon’s Rise to Powera Earlier military career the Italian
Campaigns:
1796-1797 he conquered most of northern Italy for France, and had developed a taste for governing.
In northern Italy, he moved to suppress religious orders, end serfdom, and limit age-old noble privilege.
a Earlier military career the Italian Campaigns:
1796-1797 he conquered most of northern Italy for France, and had developed a taste for governing.
In northern Italy, he moved to suppress religious orders, end serfdom, and limit age-old noble privilege.
Napoleon’s Rise to PowerNapoleon’s Rise to Powera Earlier military career the Egyptian
Campaign:
1798 he was defeated by a British navy under Admiral Horatio Nelson, who destroyed the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile.
Abandoning his troops in Egypt, Napoleon returned to France and received a hero’s welcome!
a Earlier military career the Egyptian Campaign:
1798 he was defeated by a British navy under Admiral Horatio Nelson, who destroyed the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile.
Abandoning his troops in Egypt, Napoleon returned to France and received a hero’s welcome!
The Creation of the ConsulateThe Creation of the Consulatea With the government in disarray,
a Directory is weak
a Napoleon launched a successful coup d’ etat on November 9, 1799.
a Supporters overthrew directory
a A new government, the Consulate, was created with Napoleon and 2 others holding the 3 positions.
a This is a strong centralized government
a With the government in disarray,
a Directory is weak
a Napoleon launched a successful coup d’ etat on November 9, 1799.
a Supporters overthrew directory
a A new government, the Consulate, was created with Napoleon and 2 others holding the 3 positions.
a This is a strong centralized government
Napoleon as “First Consul”Napoleon as “First Consul”a He proclaimed himself “First
Consul” [Julius Caesar’s title] and did away with the elected Assembly [appointing a Senate instead].
In 1802, he made himself sole “Consul for Life.”-Dictator
Two years later he proclaimed himself “Emperor.”
Held a plebiscite (yes/no vote by public) for each constitutional change.
The public loves him as he bring order to a chaotic country
a He proclaimed himself “First Consul” [Julius Caesar’s title] and did away with the elected Assembly [appointing a Senate instead].
In 1802, he made himself sole “Consul for Life.”-Dictator
Two years later he proclaimed himself “Emperor.”
Held a plebiscite (yes/no vote by public) for each constitutional change.
The public loves him as he bring order to a chaotic country
“Napoleon crowning himself emperor”
“Napoleon crowning himself emperor”
The Government of the ConsulateThe Government of the Consulatea Council of State
Proposed the laws.
Served as a Cabinet & the highest court.
a Tribunate Debated laws, but did not
vote on them.
a Legislature Voted on laws, but did not discuss or debate
them.
a Senate Had the right to review and veto legislation.
a Council of State Proposed the laws.
Served as a Cabinet & the highest court.
a Tribunate Debated laws, but did not
vote on them.
a Legislature Voted on laws, but did not discuss or debate
them.
a Senate Had the right to review and veto legislation.
What’s Happening
How did Napoleon rise to power?How did Napoleon use French citizens to
gain power?How did Napoleon become dictator of
France?Did Napoleon achieve more by his
victories or by covering up his defeats?
Napoleonic WarsHis goal is to conquer all of EuropeNapoleonic wars are extensions of wars between
France and Europe◦ He did manage to control most of Europe with treaties,
alliances and warThese wars kept France at war till 1815Frances greatest Enemy was Great Britain
◦ Great Britain organized a series of coalitions with other countries against France
◦ Napoleon knew he could not feat Europe without defeating Great Britain
Continental SystemNapoleon wanted to weaken Great Britain
FinancesHe knew that Great Britain economy
depended on over seas tradeContinental System
◦Prohibited French or allied merchants from trading with Great Britain
◦Great Britain responded by making all ships from neutral countries stop in Great Britain fro permission to trade with France
The Continental System The Continental System
What’s happening
How did Emperor Napoleon come to dominate Europe?
Was a blockade of Great Britain a good strategy?
How did the continental system affect countries beyond Europe?
Peninsular Campaign: 1808-1814Peninsular Campaign: 1808-1814
e Portugal did not comply with the Continental System.
e France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal.
e Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain as well!
Spain Portugal England
France 1808: ContinentalSystem
ContinentalSystem
“The Spanish Ulcer”“The Spanish Ulcer”a Napoleon tricked the
Spanish Bourbon king, Charles V, to come to France, where he imprisoned him.
a He proclaimed his brother, Joseph, to be the new king of Spain.
a He stationed over 100,000 French troops in Madrid.
a On May 2, 1808 [Dos de Mayo] the Spanish rose up in rebellion.
a French troops fired on the crowd in Madrid the next day [Tres de Mayo].
a Napoleon tricked the Spanish Bourbon king, Charles V, to come to France, where he imprisoned him.
a He proclaimed his brother, Joseph, to be the new king of Spain.
a He stationed over 100,000 French troops in Madrid.
a On May 2, 1808 [Dos de Mayo] the Spanish rose up in rebellion.
a French troops fired on the crowd in Madrid the next day [Tres de Mayo].
“Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)“Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)
“The Spanish Ulcer”“The Spanish Ulcer”a Napoleon now poured 500,00
troops into Spain over the next few years.
a But, the French generals still had trouble subduing the Spanish population.
a The British viewed this uprising as an opportunity to weaken Napoleon.
They moved an army into Portugal to protect that country and to aid the Spanish guerillas.
a In 1814, after 5 long years of savage fighting, French troops were finally pushed back across the Pyrenees Mountains out of Spain.
a Napoleon now poured 500,00 troops into Spain over the next few years.
a But, the French generals still had trouble subduing the Spanish population.
a The British viewed this uprising as an opportunity to weaken Napoleon.
They moved an army into Portugal to protect that country and to aid the Spanish guerillas.
a In 1814, after 5 long years of savage fighting, French troops were finally pushed back across the Pyrenees Mountains out of Spain.
Napoleon’s Empire in 1810Napoleon’s Empire in 1810
Napoleon’s Family Rules!Napoleon’s Family Rules!e Jerome Bonaparte King of Westphalia.e Joseph Bonaparte King of Spaine Louise Bonaparte King of Hollande Pauline Bonaparte Princess of Italye Napoléon Francis Joseph
Charles (son) King of Rome
e Elisa Bonaparte Grand Duchess of Tuscany
e Caroline Bonaparte Queen of Naples
Napoleon’s Family & Friends/AlliesNapoleon’s Family & Friends/Allies
What’s Happening?
Do you think placing ones relatives in power an effective way to lead a nation or territory?
“Napoleon on His Imperial Throne”
1806, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
“Napoleon on His Imperial Throne”
1806, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
a By 1807, Napoleon dominates Continental Europe.
a Brings reforms to the conquered lands
a Strips away power of the nobility and privilege system throughout Europe
a By 1807, Napoleon dominates Continental Europe.
a Brings reforms to the conquered lands
a Strips away power of the nobility and privilege system throughout Europe
Concordat of 1801Concordat of 1801
a Napoleon wanted to heal the divisions within the Catholic Church that had developed after the confiscation of Church property and the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.
a But, Napoleon’s clear intent was to use the clergy to prop up his regime.
a Napoleon wanted to heal the divisions within the Catholic Church that had developed after the confiscation of Church property and the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.
a But, Napoleon’s clear intent was to use the clergy to prop up his regime.
Concordat of 1801Concordat of 1801
a Catholicism was declared the religion of the majority of Frenchmen.
a Papal acceptance of church lands lost during the Revolution.
a Bishops subservient to the regime.
a Eventually, Pope Pius VII renounced the Concordat, and Napoleon had him brought to France and placed under house arrest.
a Catholicism was declared the religion of the majority of Frenchmen.
a Papal acceptance of church lands lost during the Revolution.
a Bishops subservient to the regime.
a Eventually, Pope Pius VII renounced the Concordat, and Napoleon had him brought to France and placed under house arrest.
Code Napoleon, 1804Code Napoleon, 1804
a It divides civil law into:
Personal status.
Property.
The acquisition of property.
a It divides civil law into:
Personal status.
Property.
The acquisition of property.
a Its purpose was to reform the French legal code to reflect the principles of the Fr. Revolution.
a Create one law code for France.
a Its purpose was to reform the French legal code to reflect the principles of the Fr. Revolution.
a Create one law code for France.
Napoleon and His CodeNapoleon and His Code
The Influence of the Napoleonic CodeThe Influence of the Napoleonic Code
Wherever it was implemented [in the conquered territories], the Code Napoleon swept away feudal
property relations.
Wherever it was implemented [in the conquered territories], the Code Napoleon swept away feudal
property relations.
Free Public EducationFree Public Education
a Established by Napoleon in 1801 as an educational reform.
a Created government supervised public school system of uniform education standards.
a Established by Napoleon in 1801 as an educational reform.
a Created government supervised public school system of uniform education standards.
Legion of Honor, 1802Legion of Honor, 1802
a Society created for public recognition to those who had given distinguished military and civil service to France.
a Based on merit, not social status.
a Society created for public recognition to those who had given distinguished military and civil service to France.
a Based on merit, not social status.
Napoleon Established the Banque de France, 1800
Napoleon Established the Banque de France, 1800
a Everyone was expected to pay taxes – no exceptions
a Introduced a stable currency & balanced budget
a Debts were paid off
a Businesses were encouraged.
a Everyone was expected to pay taxes – no exceptions
a Introduced a stable currency & balanced budget
a Debts were paid off
a Businesses were encouraged.
What’s happening?
What were Napoleon’s most important policies
Describe the Napoleonic code?How well did Napoleon implement the
principles of the French Revolution?Why do you think historians may hold
different views of Napoleon?
GROG 20.3Review your notes about Napoleon’s rise
to power. Then use the interactive graphic organizer to show the sequence of events that led to his rise to power.
Napoleon's Fall and Europe Reaction
Chapter 20 Section 4 Pages 614-619
What you will learn
After defeating Napoleon, the European allies sent him into exile and held a meeting in Vienna to restore order and stability to Europe.
Bellringer 20.4
Do you think you would have welcomed Napoleon as a dictator? Why or why not?
5 points7 sentence minimum
The “Big Blunder” -- RussiaThe “Big Blunder” -- Russiaa In July, 1812 Napoleon led his
Grand Armee of 614,000 men eastward across central Europe and into Russia.
a Many of troops were from conquered lands and felt no
loyalty to Napoleon
The Russians avoided a directconfrontation with Napoleon.
They retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into the interior of Russia [hoping that it’s size and the weather (summer heat) would act as “support” for the Russian cause].
The Russian nobles abandoned their estates and burned their crops to the ground, leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases in territory stripped of food.
a In July, 1812 Napoleon led his Grand Armee of 614,000 men eastward across central Europe and into Russia.
a Many of troops were from conquered lands and felt no
loyalty to Napoleon
The Russians avoided a directconfrontation with Napoleon.
They retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into the interior of Russia [hoping that it’s size and the weather (summer heat) would act as “support” for the Russian cause].
The Russian nobles abandoned their estates and burned their crops to the ground, leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases in territory stripped of food.
Napoleon’s Troops at the Gates of MoscowNapoleon’s Troops at the Gates of Moscow
a September 14, 1812 Napoleon reached Moscow, but the city had largely been abandoned.
a The Russians had set fire to the city.
a September 14, 1812 Napoleon reached Moscow, but the city had largely been abandoned.
a The Russians had set fire to the city.
Moscow Is On Fire!Moscow Is On Fire!
Napoleon’s RetreatRussian’s force Napoleon to retreat over
same scorched fields◦Harsh winter◦No food◦No supplies◦No fun
Russian peasants make isolated attacks on French Troops
Napoleon leaves troops and heads back to Paris via sleigh
Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)
Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)
100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!
What’s Happening?
What strategic moves did Russian forces make?
How did Russia’ physical geography affect Napoleon's invasion?
The 6th CoalitionThe 6th Coalition
Britain, Russia. Spain, Portugal, Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states
France New inexperience
d troops
1813-1814:
Napoléon’sDefeat
Napoléon’sDefeat
Napoleon’s Defeat at Leipzig(October 16-17, 1813)
“Battle of the Nations”
Napoleon’s Defeat at Leipzig(October 16-17, 1813)
“Battle of the Nations”
Napoleon Surrenders!Napoleon Surrenders!
e Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.
e Napoleon surrenders on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender.
e Napoleon surrenders again on April 11.
e Treaty of Fontainbleau exiles Napoleon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs.
e The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.
e Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.
e Napoleon surrenders on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender.
e Napoleon surrenders again on April 11.
e Treaty of Fontainbleau exiles Napoleon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs.
e The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.
Napoleon’s SurrenderNapoleon’s Surrender
Napoleon in Exile on ElbaNapoleon in Exile on Elba
e Island located between Corsica and Italy
e Island located between Corsica and Italy
Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)
e Louis Stanislas Xavier was brother of Louis XVI (Louis-Auguste)
e Restored Monarchye People of France fear
the return of the OldRegime
e Louis Stanislas Xavier was brother of Louis XVI (Louis-Auguste)
e Restored Monarchye People of France fear
the return of the OldRegime
“The War of the 7th Coalition”“The War of the 7th Coalition”
Britain, Russia. Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller
German states
France 1815: Napoleon’s“100 Days”Napoleon’s“100 Days”
e Napoleon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815 the beginning of his 100 Days.
e Napoleon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815 the beginning of his 100 Days.
Napoleons return to powerHe is declared an outlawRumors of his return to France spreadLouis the XVII flees to BelgiumPeople of France are split
◦Some were excited for his return◦The despise him fro dragging them through
years of war◦They send troops to arrest him◦These troops upon finding him pledge loyality
to him instead
Battle of Waterloo
Napoleon enemies gathered for another show down
British troops led by Duke of Wellington (Great Britain) met Napoleon at the Belgium town of Waterloo
Prussia come to the aid of Great BritainTogether the 2 forces defeat Napoleon at
Waterloo◦This end Napoleons military career and the
Napoleonic wars
Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo(June 18, 1815)
Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo(June 18, 1815)
Dukeof
Wellington
Dukeof
Wellington
Prussian General Blücher
Prussian General Blücher
Napoleon was exiled to
St. Helenaoff the coast of
Africa
Napoleon was exiled to
St. Helenaoff the coast of
Africa
Napoleon’s Residence on St. HelenaNapoleon’s Residence on St. Helena
Napoleon’s TombHe died 6 years later
Napoleon’s TombHe died 6 years later
What’s happening?
Why do you think Napoleon was exiled rather than placed in prison?
If you lived in France at the time, would you have supported Napoleon's return?
Congress of ViennaPurpose of this meeting was to restore
order to Europe and stability to Europe after the turmoil that Napoleon had caused
Wanted to put down a revolution where ever it might appear
Wanted to remove all traces of French revolution and Napoleons rule
Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna
Redrawing the mapIdea was to strengthen the countries
bordering France Countries that aided France lost territory
◦Countries that fought France gained territoryFrance had to pay indemnities
◦Payment to other countries that were damaged during wars
Monarchies were restored that were destroyed by war
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Europe at Peak of French Empire
Europe Post Congress of Vienna
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Metternich’s InfluenceMetternich’s InfluencePrince Klemens von Metternich- Austria
◦Key player in Congress of Vienna◦Wanted to restore Europe to pre Napoleon ages◦Distrusted Democracy- pro monarch
Hated, Constitutions, Voting Rights, Freedom of religion, Freedom of press
Influenced Europe◦Germany, Austria, Northern Italy
Had spies against people who spoke bad about this ideas
Responsible for suppressing liberal revolution ideas
120
What’s happening?
Why did the Congress of Vienna want to suppress all revolutions?
How was it decided which nations gained territories and which nations lost it?
Do you think France was treated fairly by the Congress of Vienna?
Was the French Revolution a Was the French Revolution a Success or Failure?Success or Failure?
Failure Success
Monarchs ruled most of France
Citizens right were restricted
Nobles gained privileges or glittering lifestyles
Monarchs and Nobles were not secured in their privileged positions
Enlightenment ideas would never go away◦ Human dignity, personal liberty,
equalityPeople had taken control of
their destinyInspired/influenced people for
the next 200 years Worldwide
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Review your notes about the last years of Napoleon’s rule and the changes that took place after his fall from power. Then use the interactive graphic organizer to describe possible long-term results of the French Revolution.
