The Human Organism:Introduction to Human Body Systems

PART 2

TPJ 3M

Nicole Klement

Human Organ Systems

1. Skeletal2. Muscular3. Circulatory4. Immune5. Respiratory6. Digestive

7. Excretory8. Reproductive9. Nervous10. Endocrine11. Integumentary

History of The Circulatory System

Once thought to be the origin of emotions since it beat faster when a person was scared or excited, we now know that that is not the heart’s function.

Function of The Human Circulatory System

1. Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide

2. Distribution of nutrients and transport of wastes

3. Maintenance of body temperature

4. Circulation of hormones

Structures of The Circulatory system

1. BLOOD fluid in which materials are transported

2. BLOOD VESSELSVeins and arteries act as spaces throughout the body in which the fluid

moves

-no cell in the body is further away than two cells from a blood vessel that carries nutrients and oxygen-there are 96 000 km of blood vessels in your body to sustain your 100 trillion cells

3. A PUMPThe heart pushes the fluid through the blood vessels or spaces

- the heart is about as large as the size of your fist and has a mass of 30g- the heart beats about 72 beats/minute from the beginning of life until death- during an average lifetime, the heart pumps enough blood to fill two large

ocean tankers

Fact

Your heart beats 60-70 times per minute. Each time it pumps 60 ml of blood.

How many milliliters are pumped in 24 hours?

Answer

5184000 ml

OR

5184 liter bottles

Organs of The circulatory system

1. Veins2. Arteries3. Capillaries4. (Blood)5. Heart

Veins

Veins carry blood back to the heart.

Veins have valves 2 major veins carry

return blood from your body to your heart: the superior vena cava returns blood from your head and the inferior vena cava from your lower body

Arteries

Carry blood away from your heart

Have thick, elastic walls made of tissue and smooth muscle

Capillaries

Microscopic blood vessels.

Walls are only one cell thick

Bloodshot eyes Nutrients and

oxygen diffuse from body cells into capillaries

Blood

Carries oxygen from lungs to body

Takes carbon dioxide away

Carries waste products to kidneys

Transports nutrients

Cells in blood fight infections

Blood

Made up of plasma (55%), mostly water.

Platelets ;help with clotting

Red blood cells: made at rate of 2-3 million per second.

White: help fight bacteria, viruses, etc

Blood Types

4 types A, B, AB, O Types A, B, AB

have antigens coating their surface. Rh factor

Wrong type of blood will kill you

Type “O” is universal

Fact

First blood transfusion was in early 1800”s.

French physician Jean Baptiste Denis successfully used sheep’s blood. His second patient died.

Heart

Made of cardiac muscle tissue

Has 4 compartments called chambers: two upper are atriums, two lower are ventricles.

Heart has arteries just and veins just like any other muscle

Diagram of Human Heart

Anterior view

Aorta

Pulmonary artery

Left atrium

Mitral Valve

Left Ventricle

Superior vena cava

Right atrium

Tricuspid Valve

Right Ventricle

Blood flow through The Cardiovascular System

Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood through the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart.

Systemic circulation happens when Oxygen rich blood moving to all tissues and organs of the body

Coronary circulation is the flow of blood to and from the tissues of the heart.

Also called myocardium is found only in the heart

More mitochondria than skeletal muscle (about 35% occupations)

Cardiac Muscle

Myocardium (heart muscle) has its own built in electrochemical activator

Called a pacemaker

The pacemaker produces a heart beat independent of the Central Nervous System (we don’t need to think about it)

Electrical Impulses & the Heart

Atherosclerosis

Fatty deposits build up on arterial walls. Eating fatty foods high in cholesterol and saturated fats can cause these deposits to form.

Not all cholesterol is bad, and is essential for health.

Heart

When these arteries are blocked, it starves the heart of oxygen and nutrients, resulting in a heart attack

Help for the Circulatory System

defibrillators pacemakers heart transplant artificial heart - 1st artificial heart: 1982,

Jarvik-7, patient lived 112 days Ottawa researchers close to production of

artificial heart HeartSaverVAD (ventricular assist device)

Blood pressure

The force of the blood against the walls of your blood vessels.

Measured in two numbers: 1. Systolic is the first

number and measures your heart pumping.

2. Diastolic is the second number and measures pressure that occurs as the ventricles fill with blood before they contract again.

Systolic Pressure

Also referred to as systole It is the highest pressure recorded in

the heart (usually ~ 120 mmHg at rest)

It is the work phase of the heart when blood pumped out to your body

Diastolic Pressure

Also referred to as diastole It is the lowest pressure recorded in

the heart (usually ~ 80 mmHg at rest)

It is the rest phase of the heart when blood is filling into the ventricles

Measuring Blood Pressure

Blood pressure: the force of the blood on the walls of the arteries when the ventricles of the heart contract. Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury or mm Hg.

Measuring blood pressure - cuff on and tightened to pressure greater than

120 mm Hg (about 160) - cuff pressure gradually reduced until

stethoscope can detect blood passing through (systole value)

- reduction in pressure continued until sound disappears (diastole)

Classification of Blood Pressure for adults over 18