The Human Organism:Introduction to Human Body Systems

TPJ 3M

Nicole Klement

Human Organ Systems

1. Skeletal2. Muscular3. Circulatory4. Immune5. Respiratory6. Digestive

7. Excretory8. Reproductive9. Nervous10. Endocrine11. Integumentary

Levels of Organization in the Body

CellsTissues

Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

Organs Examples include stomach, liver, heart

Organ Systems Examples include digestive and

circulatory systems

Tissues in the Human Body

Epithelial Covering or lining tissue

Connective Joins, stores and supports

Muscle Internal and external movement

Nerve Conducts electrical signals

Blood

Muscle

Nerve

Human Skeleton Diagram

Sternum

Skull

Clavicle

Ribs

Pelvis

Femur

Patella

Tibia

Scapula

Humerus

Ulna

Radius

Carpals Metacarpals

Fibula

Tarsals

Metatarsals

Phalanges

Phalanges

Skeletal System Function & Parts

Functions: Framework and

support Protection of

organs Storage allows the body

to move (joints & ligaments)

Storage makes blood

cells

Parts:• bones• ligaments• tendons• cartilage

Skeletal System - Types of Bone Tissue

1. Compact: Layer of hard bone that covers all bone

2. Spongy: Surrounded by the compact bone, it has many holes & spaces in it. Makes bones lighter.

3. Bone marrow: Soft tissue inside of bones makes blood cells

Skeletal System- Compact Bone Tissue

Haversian system

Osteocyte

Blood vessels

Skeletal System- Joints

A joint is where 2 or more bones meet & allow for movement

1. Ball & socket: Shoulder & hip

2. Hinge joint: Elbow

3. Pivot joint: Neck

Ligaments, bone, tendon, muscle and cartilage are all found in the many joints that make up the skeletal muscle system and allow movement in the human body.

Skeletal System - Facts

Bones are living tissue that grow and need blood.

Bones have blood vessels inside of them and are made of cells

Human Muscular System Diagram

DeltoidPectoralis major

Biceps brachi

Gluteus maximus

Rectus femoris

Gastrocnemius

Muscular System Functions

Movement Warmth Posture

Muscle Properties Ability to contract Ability to be stretched Ability to respond to a

stimulus Muscle Types

Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

Muscular System Functions

Muscle allow organs & bones of the body to move.

The fibers that make up muscle, “contract”.

The contraction makes the whole muscle shorter which allows them to move organs and bones.

Muscular System - Three Types of Muscle cells

1. Cardiac: Makes the heart beat to send blood to the body.

2. Skeletal: Attaches to bone & allows for movement

3. Smooth: Found in the walls of the stomach, intestines & blood vessels. Helps materials move through these structures

Muscular System –Three Types of Muscle Tissue

Skeletal

Cardiac

Smooth

Muscle cells and tissues form long narrow striated tubes.

There are three types of muscle tissue:

1. Cardiac 2. Skeletal3. Smooth

They all work by contracting.

Muscular System - Motion

How do bones move?Muscles contract and cause bones to move.

Tendon: Attaches a muscle to a bone

Muscles work in pairs to cause movement:Ex: Bicep contracts & tricep relaxes arm bendsBicep relaxes & tricep contracts arm straightens

Skeletal Musclular Contraction

Myosin

Actin

Sarcomere

Muscular Skeletal System - Facts

Inside the long bones of the legs is the marrow or spongy tissue which makes all our blood cells including white and red blood cells.

The human muscle system contains 206 bones, over 350 muscles that contribute to protecting, supporting and moving the human body.

Video – the knee

Discovery Channel ; Street Gymnasts Push Their Bodies to the Limit - with a focus on the knee

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94vM9b0zGjA&NR=1&feature=fvwp