Cells to Organsthe building blocks of life

TPJ 3M

Nicole Klement

CellsIn groups of 2-3, without getting up or moving chairs, pick one person to write and jot down everything you know about cells.

Cell Theory

1. All living things are made of cells. (Schleiden and Schwann)

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and

function. (Schleiden and Schwann)

3. All cells arise from pre‐existing cells by cell division. (Virchow)

How are we built…

All organisms are put together using cells. Animals and Plants consist of BILLIONS of cells Cells build tissues, tissues build organs, organs build

organ systems.(Cells-> tissues-> organs-> organ systems-> organism)

In plants and animals all organ systems function together to support life in the organism

The Evolution of cells

First cell was formed approx 3.8 million years ago

Cell Numbers required for life

Organism Bacteria Insect Small Mammal Human

Facts Single celledAll bacteria found on the surface of the planet weigh more than any other speciesVery successful life form

Made from hundreds of thousand cells

Basic organ systems

Rat contains many millions of cells organised into 9 organ systems

Humans contain many billions of cells

We replace 1 billion cells an hour for our lives

Why such little cells?

Cell surface area to volume ratio is the reason.

Which has more surface area?

Specialized Cells in Animals Cells are designed for specific functions:

Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Sperm Cell Muscle Cell

A red blood cell has a large surface area and no nucleus

A nerve cell is long and thin and conducts electrical impulses

A sperm cell can propel themselves and carry only ½ the parent cell’s DNA

A muscle cell contains more mitochondrial organelle than normal cells and can contract to produce movement

Tissues In groups of 2-3, without getting up or moving chairs, pick one person to write and jot down everything you know about tissues in the body.

Cells make Tissues

Similar cells performing similar functions are organized into tissues

Ex: Muscle Tissue is made from identical muscle cells

Tissue

Tissue is a collection of cells.

Tissue makes up body parts like muscle and organs

Tissue is what we can see, as opposed to cells which require magnification

Tissues

Organs In groups of 2-3, without getting up or moving chairs, pick one person to write and jot down everything you know about organs in the body.

Organs

Organs are made of different types of tissue.

Organs have a specific function within the body.

The heart functions as a pump within the body.

Human Skin

Organ systemsIn groups of 2-3, without getting up or moving chairs, pick one person to write and jot down everything you know about organ systems.

Organ Systems

There are many organ systems in the body.

An organ system may use more than one organ.

An organ system regulates certain functions within the body.

Organ Systems (9)

1. Nervous system

2. Respiratory System

3. Reproductive System

4. Endocrine System

5. Excretory System

6. Skeletal Muscle System

Which 3 are missing?