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7/21/2019 The Growth of Paris as a Primate City
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Uy`ilfdr `j UnykrUy`ilfdr `j Unykr
Synjjkb B`omfrsk`oSynjjkb B`omfrsk`o
Vyino Ruyn}l Vyino Ruyn}l
U`uvlnsk`o My`}saU`uvlnsk`o My`}sa
Kocvrsy{Kocvrsy{
A`vrkom A`vrkom
S` Uy`ilfd
Yfr`lvsk`or
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Synjjkb B`omfrsk`oSynjjkb B`omfrsk`o
Synjjkb b`omfrsk`o ancSynjjkb b`omfrsk`o anckobyfnrfc nr dno{ rvivyinokobyfnrfc nr dno{ rvivyinoc}fllfyr anzf s` synzfl nby`rrc}fllfyr anzf s` synzfl nby`rrUnykr s` no`safy rvivyi j`y Unykr s` no`safy rvivyi j`y }`yg/}`yg/
Saf o`cnl y`nc unssfyo j`bvrfrSaf o`cnl y`nc unssfyo j`bvrfrsynjjkb s`}nycr saf bfosyf/synjjkb s`}nycr saf bfosyf/
26& `j b`ddvsfyr vrf bnyr26& `j b`ddvsfyr vrf bnyrbnvrkom b`omfrsk`o `o onyy`}bnvrkom b`omfrsk`o `o onyy`}bks{ bfosyf y`ncr, o`krf noc nky bks{ bfosyf y`ncr, o`krf noc nky
u`llvsk`o, nbbkcfosr noc unygkomu`llvsk`o, nbbkcfosr noc unygkomuy`ilfdr/uy`ilfdr/
Uvilkb synoru`ys kr u``yl{ b`$Uvilkb synoru`ys kr u``yl{ b`$`yckonsfc/`yckonsfc/
S` Uy`ilfdr
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Vyino Ruyn}lVyino Ruyn}l
Saf lnbg `j no{ `zfynll ulnookomSaf lnbg `j no{ `zfynll ulnookomrbafdfr yfrvlsfc ko norbafdfr yfrvlsfc ko novob``yckonsfc ruyfnc `j safvob``yckonsfc ruyfnc `j safrvivyir kos` saf rvyy`vockomrvivyir kos` saf rvyy`vockomyvynl nyfnr `j Unykr/yvynl nyfnr `j Unykr/
Kdu`ysnos }``clnoc, jnydlnocKdu`ysnos }``clnoc, jnydlnocnoc }nsfyrkcf aniksnsr j`y noc }nsfyrkcf aniksnsr j`y }klclkjf noc yfbyfnsk`o }fyf l`rs}klclkjf noc yfbyfnsk`o }fyf l`rsnoc uykdf nmykbvlsvynl lnoc }nrnoc uykdf nmykbvlsvynl lnoc }nrcfzfl`ufc j`y vyino lnoc$vrfr/cfzfl`ufc j`y vyino lnoc$vrfr/
Nr saf bks{ myf} jvysafy, nzfynmfNr saf bks{ myf} jvysafy, nzfynmfb`ddvskom ckrsnobfr kobyfnrfcb`ddvskom ckrsnobfr kobyfnrfcr` }`yrfokom saf b`omfrsk`or` }`yrfokom saf b`omfrsk`onoc u`llvsk`o uy`ilfdr/noc u`llvsk`o uy`ilfdr/
S` Uy`ilfdr
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U`uvlnsk`o My`}saU`uvlnsk`o My`}sa
I{ >;15 safyf }fyf hvrs `zfy 1I{ >;15 safyf }fyf hvrs `zfy 1dkllk`o uf`ulf lkzkom ko saf Unykrdkllk`o uf`ulf lkzkom ko saf Unykrnmml`dfynsk`o/nmml`dfynsk`o/
Sakr kobyfnrf anc nbbflfynsfc njsfy Sakr kobyfnrf anc nbbflfynsfc njsfy >;63 i{ >65,555 ufy {fny cvf s`>;63 i{ >65,555 ufy {fny cvf s`yvynl cfu`uvlnsk`o, n ykrf ko saf ikysayvynl cfu`uvlnsk`o, n ykrf ko saf ikysa
ynsf noc saf nyykznl `j kddkmynosrynsf noc saf nyykznl `j kddkmynosrrffgkom }`yg/rffgkom }`yg/
Saf uvll `j Unykr }nr nbb`dunokfcSaf uvll `j Unykr }nr nbb`dunokfci{ n cfblkof ko s`}or noc zkllnmfr koi{ n cfblkof ko s`}or noc zkllnmfr kosaf rvyy`vockom nyfn, lfnckom s`saf rvyy`vockom nyfn, lfnckom s`}ans anr iffo bnllfc, saf ‑Jyfoba}ans anr iffo bnllfc, saf ‑JyfobaCfrfys‛/Cfrfys‛/
Rkobf >;15, saf my`}sa `j saf bks{Rkobf >;15, saf my`}sa `j saf bks{rl`}fc noc ks kr o`} ko cfblkof cvfrl`}fc noc ks kr o`} ko cfblkof cvfs` b`vosfy$vyinokrnsk`o/s` b`vosfy$vyinokrnsk`o/
N mynua s` ra`} saf My`}sa `j saf U`uv lns k`o `j U
s kdf/
5
9
3
:
1
>5
>9
>; 55 >;9 5 > ;35 >;:5 >;15 9555
[fny
U ` u v l n s k ` o ! d k l l k ` o r +
S` Uy`ilfdr
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Kocvrsy{Kocvrsy{
Saf okofsffosa bfosvy{Saf okofsffosa bfosvy{kocvrsy{ anc iffo l`bnsfckocvrsy{ anc iffo l`bnsfcko saf koofy bks{ rvivyir `j ko saf koofy bks{ rvivyir `j Rs Cfokr, Nvifyzkllfr nocRs Cfokr, Nvifyzkllfr noc
I`ikmo{, noc nlr` nl`omI`ikmo{, noc nlr` nl`omrfzfynl rsyfsbafr `j safrfzfynl rsyfsbafr `j safYkzfy Rfkof/Ykzfy Rfkof/
A`}fzfy, safrf jnbs`ykfrA`}fzfy, safrf jnbs`ykfrnoc }nyfa`vrfr }fyf rfsnoc }nyfa`vrfr }fyf rfsko `lc, byndufc ivklckomrko `lc, byndufc ivklckomrnoc bnvrfc b`orkcfynilfnoc bnvrfc b`orkcfynilfu`llvsk`o/u`llvsk`o/
S` Uy`ilfdr
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A`vrkomA`vrkom
Dno{ koofy rvivyir j`yd noDno{ koofy rvivyir j`yd nofqsforkzf ‛s}klkmas x`of‛/fqsforkzf ‛s}klkmas x`of‛/
Ko >;=5 `zfy 1;& `j saf a`vrfrKo >;=5 `zfy 1;& `j saf a`vrfr}fyf uyf$>;>3 }ksa dno{ ifkom}fyf uyf$>;>3 }ksa dno{ ifkomrdnll noc lnbgkom ncf~vnsfrdnll noc lnbgkom ncf~vnsf
}nsfy rvuul{ `y rf}fynmf/}nsfy rvuul{ `y rf}fynmf/ U`rs$}ny u`lkbkfr ancU`rs$}ny u`lkbkfr anc
b`obfosynsfc `o ivklckom akmab`obfosynsfc `o ivklckom akmaykrf jlnsr ko avmf frsnsfr koykrf jlnsr ko avmf frsnsfr korvivyino nyfnr/rvivyino nyfnr/
Safrf byfnsfc r`bknl uy`ilfdr,Safrf byfnsfc r`bknl uy`ilfdr,
lnbgfc yfbyfnsk`onl jnbklkskfr,lnbgfc yfbyfnsk`onl jnbklkskfr,}fyf s`` ckrsnos jy`d }`yg}fyf s`` ckrsnos jy`d }`yg!kobyfnrkom synjjkb b`omfrsk`o+!kobyfnrkom synjjkb b`omfrsk`o+noc }fyf `jsfo ivkls ‑`o safnoc }fyf `jsfo ivkls ‑`o safbafnu‛/bafnu‛/
S` Uy`ilfdr
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A`} anzf saf uy`ilfdr iffoA`} anzf saf uy`ilfdr iffo
yfr`lzfc0yfr`lzfc0
I`vlfznyc Ufykuafyk~vfI`vlfznyc Ufykuafyk~vf
Of} S`}orOf} S`}or
Rvivyino O`cfrRvivyino O`cfr
Uyfjfyfosknl NqfrUyfjfyfosknl Nqfr
YFYYFY
Rnsfllksf Kdnmf @j UnykrRnsfllksf Kdnmf @j UnykrS` Foc
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Ln Cëjforf
O ̀ y s a f y o U y f j f y f os k n l Nq k r
R ̀ v s a f y o U y f j f y f o s k n l Nq k r
Dnyof Lf Znllfë
Bfym{$U`os`krf
Rs ̂ vfosko$fo$ [zflkofr
Fzy{
Dflvo$Rëony
Dnosfr
I`vlfznyc
Ufykuafyk~vf
YFY
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I`vlfznyc Ufykuafyk~vfI`vlfznyc Ufykuafyk~vf
Onu`lfno I`ofunysf, ko saf fnyl{Onu`lfno I`ofunysf, ko saf fnyl{>;sa bfosvy{, ivkls n y`nc ofs}`yg>;sa bfosvy{, ivkls n y`nc ofs}`yg}akba yncknsfc `vs}nycr jy`d saf}akba yncknsfc `vs}nycr jy`d safNyb cf Syk`duaf/Nyb cf Syk`duaf/
I{ saf fnyl{ >;:5r saf kobyfnrf koI{ saf fnyl{ >;:5r saf kobyfnrf kobnyr noc l`yykfr anc lfc s` nbvsfbnyr noc l`yykfr anc lfc s` nbvsf
synjjkb b`omfrsk`o nr nll saf y`vsfrsynjjkb b`omfrsk`o nr nll saf y`vsfrdfs ko saf bks{ bfosyf/dfs ko saf bks{ bfosyf/ Dnh`y kduy`zfdfosr }fyf frrfosknlDnh`y kduy`zfdfosr }fyf frrfosknl
s` aflu saf fb`o`dkb noc r`bknl lkjfs` aflu saf fb`o`dkb noc r`bknl lkjf`j saf bks{/`j saf bks{/
Saf jkyrs dnh`y d`s`y}n{ rbafdfSaf jkyrs dnh`y d`s`y}n{ rbafdf}nr saf ‑Ufykuafyk~vf‛ }akba kr n}nr saf ‑Ufykuafyk~vf‛ }akba kr n
ykom y`nc rvyy`vockom saf bfosyf `j ykom y`nc rvyy`vockom saf bfosyf `j saf `lc bks{ !Unykr Zkllf+/saf `lc bks{ !Unykr Zkllf+/
Saf N1: !L‛nvs`y`vsf Vyinkof+Saf N1: !L‛nvs`y`vsf Vyinkof+fobkyblfr saf `vsfy unysr `j Unykr/fobkyblfr saf `vsfy unysr `j Unykr/
S` Rnsfllksf
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Of} S`}orOf} S`}or
I{ >;=5 Unykr }nr by`}cfc,I{ >;=5 Unykr }nr by`}cfc,u`llvsfc noc unbgfc }ksa synjjkb/u`llvsfc noc unbgfc }ksa synjjkb/
S` sngf saf uyfrrvyf `jj, jkzf of}S` sngf saf uyfrrvyf `jj, jkzf of}s`}or }fyf ivkls/s`}or }fyf ivkls/
Saf jkzf of} s`}or !ivkls nl`om safSaf jkzf of} s`}or !ivkls nl`om safunynllfl uyfjfyfosknl nqfr+ nyf Dnyofunynllfl uyfjfyfosknl nqfr+ nyf Dnyof
Ln Znllff, Bfym{$U`os`krf, RsLn Znllff, Bfym{$U`os`krf, Rs^vfosko, Fzy{ noc Dflvo$Rfonys/^vfosko, Fzy{ noc Dflvo$Rfonys/
Saf s`}or nyf yflnskzfl{ myffo nocSaf s`}or nyf yflnskzfl{ myffo noculfnrnos fozky`odfosr s` lkzf ko,ulfnrnos fozky`odfosr s` lkzf ko,}ksa m``c uvilkb synoru`ys lkogr kos`}ksa m``c uvilkb synoru`ys lkogr kos`Unykr r` sans uf`ulf bno lfnzf safky Unykr r` sans uf`ulf bno lfnzf safky bnyr ns a`df/bnyr ns a`df/
Saf s`}or anzf sykfc s` nssynbs of}Saf s`}or anzf sykfc s` nssynbs of}fdul`{fyr r` sans l`bnl uf`ulf c`fdul`{fyr r` sans l`bnl uf`ulf c`o`s offc s` b`ddvsf kos` Unykr/o`s offc s` b`ddvsf kos` Unykr/
S` Rnsfllksf
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Rvivyino O`cfrRvivyino O`cfr
Ln Cëjforf anr iffoLn Cëjforf anr iffofrsnilkrafc nr no fqndulffrsnilkrafc nr no fqndulf`j n Rvivyino O`cf s``j n Rvivyino O`cf s`mkzf d`yf a`vrkom, d`yfmkzf d`yf a`vrkom, d`yf
`jjkbfr, ifssfy ra`ur, noc`jjkbfr, ifssfy ra`ur, nocd`yf rfyzkbfr rvba nrd`yf rfyzkbfr rvba nrafnlsa noc ru`ysr bfosyfr/afnlsa noc ru`ysr bfosyfr/
Safyf nyf of} `jjkbfSafyf nyf of} `jjkbfivklckomr r` sans uf`ulf c`ivklckomr r` sans uf`ulf c`o`s anzf s` b`ddvsf kos`o`s anzf s` b`ddvsf kos`saf bfosyf `j Unykr fzfy{saf bfosyf `j Unykr fzfy{cn{/cn{/
S` Rnsfllksf
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Uyfjfyfosknl NqfrUyfjfyfosknl Nqfr
Nr unys `j saf ‑mynoc ulno‛ j`y Nr unys `j saf ‑mynoc ulno‛ j`y Unykr, saf ulnoofyr anzf sykfc s`Unykr, saf ulnoofyr anzf sykfc s`ckzfys my`}sa n}n{ jy`d saf bks{ckzfys my`}sa n}n{ jy`d saf bks{bfosyf s` nl`om s}` uyfjfyfosknlbfosyf s` nl`om s}` uyfjfyfosknlnqkr, o`ysa noc r`vsa `j safnqkr, o`ysa noc r`vsa `j safYkzfy Rfkof/Ykzfy Rfkof/
Safrf nyfnr nll`} j`y fb`o`dkbSafrf nyfnr nll`} j`y fb`o`dkbmy`}sa `j saf yfmk`o }ksa`vsmy`}sa `j saf yfmk`o }ksa`vsb`obfosynskom jvysafy b`obfosynskom jvysafy cfzfl`udfos ko saf b`omfrsfccfzfl`udfos ko saf b`omfrsfcb`yf `j Unykr/b`yf `j Unykr/
Nl`om safrf nqkr nyf j`vocNl`om safrf nqkr nyf j`voc
d`s`y}n{r, of} s`}or, of} ynkld`s`y}n{r, of} s`}or, of} ynkllkogr, nkyu`ysr, noc b`ddfybknllkogr, nkyu`ysr, noc b`ddfybknlnbskzks{ sans anr iffo nssynbsfcnbskzks{ sans anr iffo nssynbsfcs` saf d`yf nbbfrrkilf l`bnsk`ors` saf d`yf nbbfrrkilf l`bnsk`orn}n{ jy`d saf bfosyf `j saf bks{/n}n{ jy`d saf bfosyf `j saf bks{/ S` Rnsfllksf
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YFYYFY
SafSaf Yërfnv fquyfrrYërfnv fquyfrryëmk`onl !YFY+yëmk`onl !YFY+ kr n of}kr n of}fquyfrr dfsy` vrkomfquyfrr dfsy` vrkomrvyjnbf rvivyino y`vsfrrvyjnbf rvivyino y`vsfrnoc m`kom vocfymy`voc konoc m`kom vocfymy`voc kosaf bks{ bfosyf/saf bks{ bfosyf/
Fzfosvnll{ ks }kll lkog i`saFzfosvnll{ ks }kll lkog i`sankyu`ysr !Banylfr cfnkyu`ysr !Banylfr cfMnvllf ko saf o`ysa nocMnvllf ko saf o`ysa noc
@yl{ s` saf r`vsa+ noc saf@yl{ s` saf r`vsa+ noc safof} s`}or/ Ks kr fqufbsfcof} s`}or/ Ks kr fqufbsfcsans saf jkonl ofs}`yg }kllsans saf jkonl ofs}`yg }kllif 255gd l`om/if 255gd l`om/
S` Rnsfllksf
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Inbg s` Rsnys
