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Primate Suborders
Figure 10.1: Summary of traditional primate classification.
PROSIMIANS
• Lemurs
• Lorises
• Tarsiers
Pygmy slow loris
• Nocturnal
(large eyes,
some lack
color vision)
• Grooming
claws
• Elongated snout
“dog like”
(especially in lemurs)
Mouse lemur• Moist noses(except for Tarsiers)
Locomotion: Vertical Clinging and Leaping
Bush baby (loris) Tarsier
SUBORDER ANTHROPOID(monkeys, apes, humans)
• Larger body size• Greater reliance on vision• Complex social structures• Larger, more complex brains
Infraorders:Platyrrhini CattarrhiniNew World monkeys Old world monkeys
ApesHumans
Monkeys(Old World and New World)
• True Quadrapedal locamotion
(Branch walking)
• Tails
Infraorder Platyrrhini(New World Monkeys)
Platyrrhini
• Arboreal
• Flat nose
• Claw-like nails
(in some)
Platyrrhini
• Prehensile tails
(in some)
• Partial opposability
• 2-1-3-3 dental
formula
Infraorder Catterhini(Old world monkeys, apes, humans)
dental formula: 2-1-2-3
Superfamily:
Cercopithecoidea HominoideaOld world monkeys Lesser apes
Great apesHumans
Cercopithecoidea(old world monkeys)
• Both terrestrial and arboreal
• Tails, not prehensile
Cercopithecoidea
• Fully opposable thumbs
• Legs longer than arms
Hominoidea(Apes and Humans)
• Built for brachiation/ suspensory climbing• No tails• Precise opposibility• Large body size• Expanded Neo-cortex, increased learning• Variable diet, 5Y molars
Families:
Hylobatidea Pongidae Hominidea(Lesser Apes) (Great Apes) HumansGibbons OrangatanSiamangs Gorillas
ChimpsBonobos
Hylobatidae(Lesser Apes)
• Brachiation
(suspensory
climbers)
• No tails
Lesser Apes
• Arms longer
than legs
• Arboreal
Pogidae(Great Apes)
Africa:
Gorillas, Chimps, Bonobos
Asia:
Orangatans
Locomotion:
Arms longer than legs
Knuckle walking
Semi-upright posture
Hominidae(Humans)• Bipedal stance
• No tails
• Legs longer
than arms
Hominidea • Social
• Cultural
• Precision grasp
strong thumbs
Long postnatal dependenceySlow maturation