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© World Health Organization 2017
The global and regional policy context: implications for Greece
Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab WHO Regional Director for Europe
© World Health Organization 2017
Greek health reforms
• May 2016: policy dialogue to launch primary health care reforms – Local health units launched (early 2017)
• March 2017: policy dialogue to launch public health reforms
© World Health Organization 2017
A strong tradition of public health in Greece
• 100 years of public health in Greece
• Focus on prevention and control of communicable/infectious diseases
© World Health Organization 2017
Today’s challenges require new approaches
We must address: • political, economic, social and cultural
determinants of health; • environmental factors; and • behavioral risk factors (lifestyle), including
tobacco and alcohol use, diet and inactivity.
© World Health Organization 2017
The European Health Policy Framework Health 2020
© World Health Organization 2017
Poor health is a drain on a country’s economy!
• Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are costly due to: – direct treatment costs; and – indirect costs resulting from productivity losses
due to work loss. • An estimated 7–12% of GDP is lost annually
due to NCDs.
© World Health Organization 2017
• The Summit outcome document was agreed by 193 Member States.
• It includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals.
Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
© World Health Organization 2017
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
© World Health Organization 2017
SDG 3: Health for all at all ages
Goal 3: ensure “healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”
3.1 Reduce maternal mortality
3.2 End deaths of newborns
and children
3.3 End epidemics of
infectious diseases
3.7 Access to sexual and
reproductive services
3.4. Reduce mortality from
NCDs and promote mental
health
3.5 Substance abuse, and
harmful use of alcohol
3.6 Reduce deaths and
injuries from road traffic accidents
3.a Framework Convention on
Tobacco Control
3.9 Reduce deaths and
illnesses from environmental contamination
3.8 Achieve universal
health coverage
3.b Research and vaccines
and medicines
3.c Health financing
and health workforce
3.d Management
of national and global health risks
health throughout the life-course;
SDG 3 includes 13 targets by thematic area:
communicable diseases, noncommunicable diseases and risk factors;
resilient environments;
health systems.
© World Health Organization 2017
Health is central to development
Health and well-being are • outcomes, • determinants and • enablers of the
SDGs.
© World Health Organization 2017
Health targets will be met only by joining policy action to action for other SDGs
© World Health Organization 2017
The health goal will contribute to meeting other goals
© World Health Organization 2017
Measuring progress on the health-related SDGs index (76/100)
Greece ranks: • 22 of 51 countries in WHO
European region; • 26 of 188 countries
globally. Key challenges for Greece are: • smoking • overweight.
Source: Lancet 2016;388:1813–50.
© World Health Organization 2017
Health 2020 and the 2030 Agenda
© World Health Organization 2017
A dramatically changing world • Rapidly ageing society • Increased NCDs and multimorbidities • Economic and financial pressures • Climate changes, migration, conflicts • New technologies and social media
© World Health Organization 2017
The situation in Greece • Population is ageing more rapidly • Life expectancy is increasing more slowly than
before Greece is falling behind relative to other European Union (EU) countries
• Life expectancy for women is 1 year below EU15 countries*
*Countries belonging to the EU before 1 May 2004.
© World Health Organization 2017
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Premature mortality from the 4 major NCDs
*MKD: the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Source: Health 2020 indicators
© World Health Organization 2017
Target 1. Reduce premature mortality rate in Europe: Greece
© World Health Organization 2017
Target 2. Increase life expectancy in Europe: Greece
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Target 3. Reduce inequities in Europe: Greece
© World Health Organization 2017
Out-of-pocket payments (OOPs) as a percentage of total spending on health are very high in Greece
(High- and middle-income countries of the Region)
© World Health Organization 2017
Target 4. Enhance well-being of the European population: Greece
© World Health Organization 2017
Greece: SDG profile
The SDG Dashboard
Average performance by SDG
Global rank Score Regional average SDG Index 37 (of 149) 70/100 75.3/100
Source: http://sdgindex.org
© World Health Organization 2017
What should be done? (1) • Invest in those areas and services that:
– encourage economic growth and reduce unemployment; and – reinforce solidarity and equity (such as health, unemployment
and social protection/benefits, education). • Continue investing in the health systems to:
– build primary health care; and – seek universal coverage.
© World Health Organization 2017
What should be done? (2) • Invest in public health. • Establish a new paradigm for public health that
emphasizes all determinants of health and that utilizes whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches to improve health outcomes and reduce inequities.
• Localize the SDGs to put health at the center of Greece’s development agenda.
© World Health Organization 2017
Policy dialogue on public health reform
• Agreement on the key elements of a new public health policy/strategy for Greece
• Consensus on how to move forward • A (re)commitment to public (population)
health
© World Health Organization 2017
THANK YOU!