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The G20’s Compliance Performance
Caroline Bracht
G20 Research Group
Munk School of Global Affairs. University of Toronto
Andrei Sakharov and Andrey Shelepov
International Organizations Research Institute
National Research University – Higher School of Economics
Why Accountability Reporting Matters
• Ensuring that Promises Made are Promises Kept
• Ensuring that Commitments are Having the Intended, Positive Impact
• Transparency
• Helps to Determine if Summits are Worth Doing
• The Importance of Independent Accountability Reporting
2
Compliance Scoring Methodology
• Von Furstenberg and Daniels
• Kokotsis
• G8 Research Group
+1 = Full Compliance
0 = Partial Compliance or a Work in Progress
-1 = No Compliance
3
Scoring Guidelines: Crime and Corruption Commitment
• -1 = Member did not ratify and fully implement
the UNCAC AND did not more actively engage with the OECD Working Group on Bribery.
• 0 = Member declared intent or is in the process to ratify & fully implement the UNCAC AND more actively engaged with the OECD Working Group on Bribery;
• +1 = Member ratified and fully implements the UNCAC AND more actively engaged with the OECD Working Group on Bribery.
4
Average Level of Compliance, 2008-2012
0,59
0,22 0,24
0,31
0,50
0,54
0,55
0,67
0,51 0,51
0,55
0,65 0,68
0,60
0,50
-0,02
0,02
0,09
0,38
0,43
0,52
0,40
0,04
0,00
0,08
0,45
0,56
0,51
-0,1
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
Washington London Pittsburgh Toronto Seoul Cannes Los Cabos
G20 average
G8
Non-G8
BRICS
5
Compliance by Member, 2008-2012
Compliance Report
Chair New Chair Top Performers Low Performers
Washington US (0) UK (1) 10 members (1) 7 members (0)
London UK (1) US (0.2) UK (1) Argentina (-0.6)
Pittsburgh US (0.5) Canada (0.63) UK (1) Brazil, Indonesia
(-0.63)
Toronto Canada (0.71) Korea (0.5) UK, Canada
(0.71) India (-0.29)
Seoul Korea (0.46) France (0.69) Australia (0.85) Argentina (-
0.08)
Cannes France (0.6) Mexico (0.67) UK (0.87) Argentina (0)
Los Cabos Mexico (0.69) Russia (0.63) Australia (0.94) Italy (0.13)
6
Compliance by Area, 2008-2012
0,35
0,70 0,74 0,63
0,36
0,68
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
Macroeconomic (fiscal consolidation,
exchange rates, investment)
-0,05
0,15
0,10
0,63 0,71
0,37
-0,1
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
Financial Regulation (Basel, SIFIs, OTC derivatives,
compensation practices)
7
Compliance by Area, 2008-2012
0,59
0,50
0,05
0,15
-0,05
0,25 0,25
-0,1
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
Trade (anti-protectionism)
0,00
0,90
0,50
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
Pittsburgh Toronto Cannes
IFI Reform (IMF quota and governance
reform)
8
Compliance by Area, 2008-2012
0,45
0,32
0,63 0,58
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
Toronto Seoul Cannes Los Cabos
Fossil Fuel Subsidies
0,75 0,80
0,95
0,70
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
Pittsburgh Seoul Cannes Los Cabos
Clean Energy and Climate Change
9
Compliance by Area, 2008-2012
0,15
-0,05 0,15
0,65
0,44
0,68
-0,1
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
Development (financing, remittances, SPFs, infrastructure, green growth)
and Food Security (price volatility, export restrictions,
sustainable agriculture) 0,40
-0,20
0,45
-0,10
-0,2
-0,1
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
Pittsburgh Toronto Seoul Los Cabos
Anti-Corruption (UNCAC)
10
Key Findings on compliance trends
• Average level of compliance performance improving.
• Gap between advanced and emerging economies bridging.
• G20 chairs’ performance above average. • Good progress on development and food
security, FFSs and clean energy. • Unstable progress on financial regulation, IFI
reform and anti-corruption. • Lack of progress on trade.
11
2012 Los Cabos compliance: Overview
• 17 priority commitments out of a total of 180 commitments made at the Los Cabos Summit selected.
• G20 members’ average final compliance score is 0.55.
• Score is not final and still subject to changes.
• Feedback is being received and processed.
12
2012 Compliance by Member
Australia
Canada UK US
EU Mexico France
Russia Korea
Brazil
Germany India Japan S.AfricaIndonesia S.Arabia
China
Argentina
Turkey
Italy
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
13
0.55
2012 Compliance by Commitment 1.00
0.95
0.85
0.80 0.80
0.70 0.70
0.580.55 0.55
0.50
0.450.42
0.35
0.25
0.15
-0.10
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
Unemployment
Investment
Infrastructure
Emerging Market Grow th
Green Grow th
Social Protection Floors
Climate Change
Fossil Fuel Subsidies
Basel capital and liquidity
Women
Fiscal consolidation
Exchange Rates
OTC Derivatives
Sustainable Agriculture
Anti-Protectionism
SIFIs
UNCAC
14
Economy Exchange Rates Fiscal consolidation
Emerging Market
Growth Investment Average
Argentina -1 n/a 0 1 0
Australia 1 1 n/a 1 1
Brazil -1 n/a 1 1 0.33
Canada 1 1 n/a 1 1
China 0 n/a 1 1 0.67
France 1 -1 n/a 1 0.33
Germany 1 1 n/a 1 1
India 0 n/a 1 1 0.67
Indonesia 1 n/a 1 1 1
Italy 1 -1 n/a 0 0
Japan -1 1 n/a 1 0.33
Korea 0 1 n/a 1 0.67
Mexico 1 n/a 1 1 1
Russia 1 n/a 1 1 1
S.Arabia 0 n/a 1 1 0.67
S.Africa 1 n/a 1 1 1
Turkey 0 n/a 0 1 0.33
UK 1 1 n/a 1 1
US 1 0 n/a 1 0.67
EU 1 1 n/a 1 1
Average 0.45 0.50 0.80 0.95 0.68
15
Trade
Anti-protectionism
Argentina -1
Australia 1
Brazil -1
Canada 1
China 0
France 1
Germany 1
India -1
Indonesia 0
Italy 0
Japan 1
Korea 1
Mexico 1
Russia -1
Saudi Arabia 0
South Africa -1
Turkey 0
UK 1
US 1
EU 1
Average 0.25 16
Corruption
UNCAC
Argentina 0
Australia 0
Brazil 0
Canada 0
China 0
France 0
Germany -1
India 0
Indonesia 0
Italy 0
Japan -1
Korea 0
Mexico 0
Russia 0
Saudi Arabia 0
South Africa 0
Turkey 0
UK 0
US 0
EU 0
Average -0.10
17
Finance
Basel capital and
liquidity OTC Derivatives SIFIs
Average
Argentina 1 1 -1 0.33
Australia 1 1 1 1.00
Brazil 0 1 0 0.33
Canada 1 0 0 0.33
China 1 0 0 0.33
France 1 0 0 0.33
Germany 0 0 0 0.00
India 1 1 0 0.67
Indonesia 0 n/a 0 0.00
Italy 0 0 0 0.00
Japan 1 1 1 1.00
Korea 0 0 1 0.33
Mexico 1 0 0 0.33
Russia 1 1 0 0.67
Saudi Arabia 1 1 0 0.67
South Africa 1 0 0 0.33
Turkey 0 0 0 0.00
UK 0 0 0 0.00
US 0 1 1 0.67
EU 0 0 0 0.00
Average 0.55 0.42 0.15 0.37 18
Food Security Sustainable agriculture
Argentina 1
Australia 1
Brazil 1
Canada 1
China -1
France 1
Germany 0
India 0
Indonesia 1
Italy 0
Japan -1
Korea -1
Mexico 0
Russia 1
Saudi Arabia 0
South Africa 1
Turkey 0
UK 1
US 1
EU 0
Average 0.35 19
Environment Climate Change
Argentina 1
Australia 1
Brazil 1
Canada 1
China 1
France 1
Germany 1
India 1
Indonesia -1
Italy 0
Japan 1
Korea 1
Mexico 1
Russia 1
Saudi Arabia -1
South Africa 1
Turkey 0
UK 1
US 1
EU 1
Average 0.70
20
Energy Fossil Fuel Subsidies
Argentina 0
Australia 1
Brazil 1
Canada 0
China 1
France 1
Germany 0
India 1
Indonesia 0
Italy 0
Japan 0
Korea 1
Mexico 1
Russia 1
Saudi Arabia n/a
South Africa 1
Turkey 0
UK 1
US 0
EU 1
Average 0.58
21
Socioeconomic Women Unemployment Average
Argentina 1 1 1
Australia 1 1 1
Brazil 1 1 1
Canada 1 1 1
China -1 1 0
France 1 1 1
Germany 0 1 0.5
India 0 1 0.5
Indonesia 0 1 0.5
Italy 0 1 0.5
Japan 0 1 0.5
Korea 1 1 1
Mexico 1 1 1
Russia 1 1 1
Saudi Arabia 1 1 1
South Africa 1 1 1
Turkey -1 1 0
UK 1 1 1
US 1 1 1
EU 1 1 1
Average 0.55 1.00 0.78
22
Development
Infrastructure
Social
Protection
Floors
Green Growth Average
Argentina 0 0 1 0.33
Australia 1 1 1 1
Brazil 1 1 1 1
Canada 1 1 1 1
China 1 0 1 0.67
France 1 1 1 1
Germany 1 1 1 1
India 1 0 1 0.67
Indonesia 1 1 1 1
Italy 1 0 0 0.33
Japan 1 1 1 1
Korea 1 1 1 1
Mexico 1 0 1 0.67
Russia 0 1 0 0.33
Saudi Arabia 1 1 0 0.67
South Africa 0 0 0 0
Turkey 1 1 1 1
UK 1 1 1 1
US 1 1 1 1
EU 1 1 1 1
Average 0.85 0.70 0.80 0.78 23
Key Findings on 2012 Los Cabos Compliance
G20
• Consolidate efforts on financial regulation commitments;
• Sustain progress on macroeconomic and development commitments;
• Strengthen monitoring and accountability mechanisms.
G20 Research Group
• Methodology should better reflect the essence of the issues;
• Ensure consistency across monitoring cycles;
• Ensure timely consultations with stakeholders.
24
