THE FORD AND CARTER YEARS

CHAPTER 32, SECTION 3

QUIZ

1. WHO SUCCEEDED RICHARD NIXON AS PRESIDENT?

2. WHO WON THE 1976 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION?

3. WHAT STATE WAS THE WINNER FROM? 4. THE CAMP DAVID ACCORDS WAS A PEACE

TREATY BETWEEN WHAT TWO NATIONS? 5. WHAT NATION WAS TAKEN OVER BY

ISLAMIC MILITANTS IN 1979?

IMPORTANT TERMS

GERALD R. FORD JIMMY CARTER NATIONAL ENERGY ACT HUMAN RIGHTS CAMP DAVID ACCORDS AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI

MAJOR DATES 1974:

– NIXON RESIGNS PRESIDENCY– GERALD FORD BECOMES PRESIDENT

1975:– FALL OF SAIGON / VIETNAM WAR ENDS– THE MAYAGUEZ INCIDENT

1976: JIMMY CARTER ELECTED PRESIDENT 1977: U.S. AGREES TO RETURN PANAMA CANAL 1979:

– JAN. : IRANIAN REVOLTION; AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI SEIZES POWER

– MARCH: CAMP DAVID ACCORDS SIGNED THREE-MILE ISLAND ACCIDENT

– JUNE: S.A.L.T. II – DECEMBER: SOVIETS INVADE AFGHANISTAN

FEBRUARY, 1980: THE MIRACLE ON ICE

THE FORD YEARS

WHAT WAS THE BIGGEST PROBLEM GERALD FORD FACED WHEN HE BECAME PRESIDENT?

– LACK OF TRUST TOWARDS U.S. GOV’T.– BY WHO? THE AMERICAN PUBLIC

WHY?– VIETNAM– WATERGATE– THE COUNTERCULTURE– ECONOMIC CRISIS (EX.: OPEC OIL EMBARGO)

WHAT SPECIFIC ECONOMIC PROBLEMS DID HE FACE?– INFLATION (11% IN 1974)– HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT (8.5% IN 1975)– ENERGY CONSUMPTION PROBLEMS (OIL DEPENDENCY)

GERALD FORD,

38th President of U.S.

GERALD FORD,

U.of Michigan Football

THE FORD YEARS

OTHER ISSUES:– INTERNATIONAL PROBLEMS:

VIETNAM: NVA / VC WINNING THE WAR CAMBODIA: KHMER ROUGE GENOCIDE (3 MIL.

DEAD) THE MAYAGUEZ INCIDENT THE SOVIETS

– NIXON’S LEGACY: FORD PARDONS NIXON CAN HE DO THAT? WHY DOES HE DO IT?

THE 1976 ELECTION

WHO RUNS?– REPUBLICANS: GERALD FORD, VP– DEMOCRATS: JIMMY CARTER, GOV. OF GEORGIA

KEY ISSUES:– UNEMPLOYEMNT– OTHER ECONOMIC PROBLEMS– INFLATION– ENERGY CONSUMPTION

FINAL RESULTS: CARTER WINS– CARTER: 41 MILLION– FORD: 40 MILLION

JIMMY CARTER,

39th President of U.S.

CARTER AND THE LATE-70’S

CARTER’S BACKGROUND:– FORMER GEORGIA GOVERNOR– INFORMAL STYLE– RELIED ON “OUTSIDERS” FOR ADVICE– DID NOT WANT TO LOSE TOUCH W/COMMON

AMERICANS CITIZENS– DID NOT LIKE TO COMPROMISE OR MAKE DEALS

RESULT? CARTER OFTEN ALIENATED HIMSELF FROM CONGRESS, BOTH PARTIES

CARTER AND THE LATE-70’s

DOMESTIC ISSUES: – THE ENERGY CRISIS: TOO MUCH DEPENDENCE ON

IMPORTED OIL– RESULT? NATIONAL ENERGY ACT– DID WHAT?

TAX ON GAS-GUZZLING CARS REMOVED PRICE CONTROLS ON U.S. PRODUCED OIL /

NATURAL GAS $ FOR DEVELOPING ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CREATED

– PROBLEM: 1979: MID-EAST VIOLENCE = HIGHER OIL PRICES INFLATION INCREASES: 7% TO 11%

CARTER AND THE LATE-70’s

PROBLEM: AMERICANS DON’T BELIEVE CARTER CAN SOLVE U.S. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

EXAMPLES:– 1980: INFLATION = 14%– U.S. STANDARD OF LIVING DECLINES: 1st to 5th PLACE

CARTER DELIVERS “CRISIS OF CONFIDENCE” SPEECH PROBLEM:

– SPEECH ONLY MAKES AMERICANS FEEL WORSE– DAMAGES HIS IMAGE– 1980: CARTER’S APPROVAL RATING = 26%– WORSE APPROVAL RATING THAN NIXON IN 1974!

THE PANAMA CANAL

Panama Canal Lock

System

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS:

– 1979: U.S. – PANAMA AGREE ON PANAMA CANAL TREATY U.S. WOULD RETURN CONTROL OF CANAL TO PANAMA IN 1999 WHY? GOOD / BAD IDEA?

– 1979: S.A.L.T. II AGREEMENT WHO? U.S. – SOVIETS DID WHAT? LIMITED # OF WEAPONS EITHER SIDE COULD

PRODUCE PROBLEM:

– SENATE OPPOSED TREATY– SOVIETS INVADE AFGAHANISTAN– TREATY DIES

– 1979: SOVIETS INVADE AFGHANISTAN WHY? U.S. RESPONSE: U.S. BEGINS GIVING AID TO AFGHAN REBELS,

CALLED MUJAHEDEEN MUJAHEDEEN HAVE VOLUNTEERS FROM ALL OVER MUSLIM

WORLD, INCLUDING ARABS FIRST COMBAT EXPERIENCE FOR OSAMA BIN-LADEN AND

“AL-QUEDA”

AFGHANISTAN

AND

SURROUNDING

REGIONS

SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN, 1979

Osama bin-Laden

Mujahedeen with “Stinger”

missile

AFGHAN “MUJAHEDEEN”