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The First Americans
Arrival
● Between 10,000-100,000 years ago, glaciers covered the earth
● A land bridge was formed between Siberia and Alaska
First Americans
● Scientists estimated that the first Americans came across the land bridge 20,000-30,000 years ago
● They were hunter-gatherers
Farmers
● Animals began to disappear causing the Native Americans to begin farming
● This allowed them to stay in one location
● Irrigation
Irrigation: a method to water crops by channeling water from rivers or streams
Earliest Civilizations
● Mayas● Aztecs● Incas
Civilization: advanced culture in which people have developed cities, science, and industries
First Cultures in North America
● all were doing whatever it took to get their basic needs
● shared beliefso close relationship to the natural worldo many rituals
Far North Tribes
● People of the Arctic lived in ice and snow all year long
● hunted whales, seals, walruses, caribou, and fished
● Examples were the Inuits and Cree
Northwest
● Abundance of food existed in this regiono Deer, bears, berries, and salmon
● Many families were wealthy (for the times)● Examples were the Coos and the Tlingit
Southwest
➢ Very dry most of the year➢ They had to conserve their crops for the dry
season➢ They built houses out of sun-dried brick➢ The Pueblo Indians were an example
Great Plains
❏ This land was between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains
❏ They lived mainly by farming❏Women planted corn, beans, and squash❏ In the west many people lived in tepees❏Hunted buffalo❏ Examples were the Blackfeet, Dakota,
Cheyenne, and Comanche
Eastern Woodlands
● This area was covered by forests, birches, pines, and beeches
● They lived by hunting, fishing, and getting berries and nuts from trees
● Iroquois were the major tribe in this region○ women had great power○ owned all property
Southeast
❖ This included the Cherokee and Creek❖ The winters were mild and summers hot❖ houses were built on wooden frames and
covered with straw, then mud clay was plastered on to keep cool