The Final Findings of the Household - ncsi.gov.om Findings E... · The Results of The Household Expenditure and ... 102011) SULTANATE OF OMAN National Center for ... The General Population

The Results of The Household Expenditure and Income Survey (The Period 20/05/2010 - 19/05/2011)

SULTANATE OF OMANNational Center for Statistics and Information ( NCSI )

Muscat

( For the period 20 May 2010 - 19 May 2011)

2012

The Final Findings of the Household


1

SULTANATE OF OMANNational Center for Statistics and Information ( NCSI )

Muscat

( For the period 20 May 2010 - 19 May 2011)

2012

The Final Findings of the Household

3


His Majesty Sultan Qaboos Bin Said

5


ContentsContents Page No.

Chapter One

1- Introduction 9

2- Objectives 9

3- Methodology 10

4- Definitions and Concepts 11

Chapter Two

1- Household Characteristics 17

2-Characteristics of Dwelling and Services 17

3- Household Average Monthly Expenditures& consumption 19

4- Household Average Monthly Income 26


CHAPTER ONE Household Expenditure and Income Survey

2010– 2011

9


1 - Introduction

The National Center for Statistics and Information has the pleasure to present the summary of the Household Expenditure and Income Survey conducted during the period 20 May 2010 – 19 May 2011. This summary consists of two chapters: Chapter One covers the introduction, objectives, methodology, definitions and concepts, while Chapter Two presents the main results of the survey.

The Survey aims at collecting detailed data about household expenditure, consumption and income by the use of the diary method ( Record Book ), where the household registers its expenditure data on a day by day basis for a whole month. The Survey data provide a rare chance to obtain information about the distribution of expenditure and income levels in absolute terms, in addition to some basic indicators pertinent to the composition of the Omani society and household expenditure levels.

2 – Survey Objectives

The main objectives of the Household Expenditure and Income Survey aim at provision of basic data required for policy formulation for the different sectors at the national level. The survey would thus facilitate the identification of needs. The main objectives of the survey are summarized in the following:

1- Identification of sizes and patterns of annual consumption expenditure for the household sector (families) in the Sultanate and its relationship with demographic, economic and social changes for both Omanis and expatriates at the Sultanate level (urban/rural) and at the governorate and regional levels.

2- Provision of data that serves the purposes of planning of economic and social development in the Sultanate. This data provide the possibility of evaluating the impact of the current and planned economic and social programmes on the households’ living conditions.

3- Calculation of households and individuals annual consumption expenditure averages on the different expenditure items (goods and services), together with studying the factors influencing them.

4- Calculation of household and individual’s average income by the different income sources.

5- Calculation of households and individuals expenditure elasticity on goods and services in relation to changes in their income.

6- Studying level of wages and salaries and their impact on the various aspects of household consumption expenditure items (such as housing, health, education, etc).

7- Identifying the current demand size and estimating the future demand for goods and services to meet the population needs, whether from local production or imports.

8- Identifying population distribution according to the different income and expenditure groups and analyzing the factors related to them.

9- Identifying the informal sector’s activities especially agriculture activities and productivity which are performed within the household sector (outside the establishments) and their significance to the national economy.

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10- Calculation of commodity weights for the preparation of consumer price index (CPI) .

3 – The Methodology

a- Survey Plan:

The survey plan depended basically on the recommendations of the United Nations and International Labor Organization related to family budget surveys, on the one hand, and its consistency with the System of National Accounts(SNA) concepts, on the other hand, as is the case with the majority of family budget surveys in most countries of the world. The Methodology has the following characteristics:-

The use of a random and regular sample representing the Sultanate community, consisting of 12 partial samples, using one in each month for the 12 months of the survey, thus avoiding the bias stemming from the seasonality of expenditure, consumption and income of the household. The survey period extended for a whole calendar year starting from 20 May 2010 to 19 May 2011.

Recording period was one month for each household, which is considered sufficient for measuring household expenditure and income.

Data was collected through household recording of expenditure and income with assistance provided by the researcher-if needed.

The reference time for durable goods (appliances and house facilities) was the last 12 months from the date of the researcher’s visit, while the reference time for transportation was 36 months from the date of the last visit to the household.

The survey population consists of all Omani and expatriate households in all governorates and regions of the Sultanate with the exemption of collective households (expatriate bachelors consisting of 6 individuals or more), Bedouins and Laborer camps.

The results of the survey are issued based on the administrative division of the governorates and region prior the issuance of the Royal Decree No. (114/2011) regarding the newly adopted governorates.

b- The Sample:The General Population Census 2003 was adopted as a base for withdrawing the sample for the periodic multipurpose surveys. 250 counting areas were withdrawn from all regions of the Sultanate representing all Omani and expatriate living households.

The total sample size for the Expenditure and Income Survey amounted to 4,661, of which 4,510 household were interviewed with Omanis households accounting for 3,186 and 1,324 expatriate households. The survey was considered as representing all months and all regions at the national level.

The results have shown that the response rate reached 97%, which is considered a relatively high rate.

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4 – Definitions and Concepts

International Standards drawn from the United Nations recommendations were adopted in the preparation of the definitions and concepts used in this survey.They were also adjusted to the survey objectives and the circumstances of the Omani society.

Living Households:It is defined as an individual or a group of individuals whether related or unrelated to each other, sharing a house and one or more living arrangements, forming one living unit, and spends on its own consumption needs of goods and services from the accumulated funds whether earned by one family member or more. Housemaids and the like are part of the household as long as it secure their accommodation, food and clothing.

Head of Household:The head of household is the person responsible for directing the family expenditure collected from its members. The head of household is not necessarily the only supporter of the family, rather, he is the person considered by the household as such, whether the oldest person or not.

Components of Household Expenditure and Consumption:1- Cash spent on purchase of goods and services used for living purposes.

2- Value of goods and services received by the household from the employer and allocated for

household consumption.

3- Goods consumed by the household during the recording period from the household own

production.

4- Imputed value of owner-occupied house.

5- Interest on housing and consumer loans.

6- Fees, zakat, presents and employees contribution towards insurance.

Survey Period:

The Survey period extended for a whole year, starting from 20 May 2010 to 19 May 2011, with the household participation extended for one month.

Recording Period :The period for which data of household expenditure and consumption was obtained. This period is one month for food items, 12 months(previous) for durable goods (such as furniture, household appliances etc) and 36 months (previous) for personal transportation.

Economic Dependency Rate:The proportion of those who are not working to those who are working within the geographic boundaries of the country or a specific administrative division in a specific time frame according to the following formula :-

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Population - Number of employed X 100

Number of employed

Percentage of Food Consumption:The percentage of food consumption from total household consumption is determined as follows :

Food Consumption of Household X 100

Total Household consumption

An increase in the food share would be at the expense of other shares allocated for housing, education, health etc. It is worth noting that the percentage of food consumption in industrial countries does not exceed 20% from total household consumption.

Income:Income is the cash or in kind earned by the individual or by the household in a specific period of time such as a week, a month or a year. Current income consists of two basic sources. These are:

i. Primary Income. ii. Current Transfers.

Primary Income:It includes the income earned by a household member from the following sources:-

Employment remuneration such as wages and salaries

Returns from properties such as interest, profits and rents, or from the joint income of employers

or those working for their own account including the imputed rent for owner – occupied house.

Current Transfers:Includes transfers received by the household or any of its members from other sources for free and consists of the following:

Government cash assistance (social insurance, health and education assistance).

Social insurance compensations (pensions)

Other current transfers (cash and in kind assistance from individuals, alimony, assistance from

charity organizations, returns from insurance companies, transfers from abroad).

Main Source of Income:This means the fixed and continuous income from the following:

Wages and salaries, private projects and professions, returns from properties, pensions, transfers / other sources.

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Gini Coefficient: The coefficient is used for measuring the discrepancies in income distribution. The Gini coefficient, expressed as a percentage, falls between zero and 100%. Higher values of the coefficient means more discrepancies in income distribution. Zero value denotes complete equality in income distribution and 100% value denotes maximum inequality in income distribution (consumption).


Chapter Two Main Results of the Survey

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1- Households characteristics.

Household size (Number of Individuals in the Household):

Omani household size reached 8.1 individuals at the Sultanate level, with 7.9 individuals in urban localities and 8.6 individuals in rural localities. The average household size including both Omani and expatriate households at the Sultanate level reached 6.1 individuals, 5.8 individuals in urban localities and 7.0 individuals in rural localities.

Distribution of Households among urban and rural localities:

The percentage of households in urban localities at the Sultanate level reached 78.1% and 21.9% in rural localities. While the percentage of Omani households reached 72.4 % in urban localities and 27.6 % in rural localities.

2-Characteristics of Dwelling and Services

Household Ownership of Dwellings:The percentage of Omani households residing in owned houses reached 87.6%, while 11.6% reside in rented dwellings. In comparison most expatriate households reside in houses provided by the employer 49.9%, or rented houses 49.4%. The following table gives the details:-

Table No.(1)

Percentage Distribution of Housing Ownership

Nationality of Household Tenure Type ( % )

Owned Rented Against Work Others TotalOmanis 87.6 11.6 0.3 0.5 100.0Expatriates 0.7 49.4 49.9 0 100.0

Main Source of Drinking Water :42.1% of households obtain drinking water from the main network, 10.8% get their water needs from government water sources, 33.8% by means of bottled water and the remaining 13.3% get their water requirement from other sources such as private wells or falajs.

Accessibility to Public Services:The following table shows the proximity of the household residence to public services up to 5 kilometer or less in both urban and rural localities. The table reveals that a large percentage of urban population is close to most public services compared to a less percentage of rural localities.

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Table No. (2)

Percentage Distribution of Households by Population localities and Proximity to Public Services.

Proximity to Public Service Urban (%) Rural (%)

Paved Road 100 92.5Primary School 97.4 76.7Shopping Centers 99.1 83.8Health centre/Hospital 86.5 38.6

Time Spent to Access Public Services:The following table shows the percentage of households that could reach the public services in 14 minutes or less from their dwellings.

Table No.(3)

Percentage Distribution of Households by Time Taken to Access Services

Public Service Urban (%) Rural (%)Paved Road 99.9 92.7

Primary School 99.0 86.3

Shopping Centers 100 87.6

Health center/Hospital 97.0 66.2

Dwelling Environment:The following table shows the percentage distribution of households by their exposure to environmental problems. It is revealed by this table that the Sultanate is considered among the few countries with the least exposure to environmental pollution.

Table No. (4)Percentage Distribution of Households by Type of Pollution

Type of Pollution Household (%) Type of Pollution Household (%)General Dust 11.9 Noise 4.6

Odour from Sewage 4.9 Odour from other sources

2.5

Odour from Garbage 6.0 Vehicles Exhaust 1.7

Odour from Animals 5.1 others 0.7

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Possession of Goods and Home Facilities by Nationality:Another measure of the standard of living is the household possession of durable goods and

facilities which can be summarized as follows: Approximately 89.6% of Omani households possess a private vehicle, compared to 44.1% of

expatriate households. More than 98% of Omani households possess a television, mobile phone, refrigerator, air

conditioner and cooker. More than 90% of expatriate households possess a television, mobile phone, refrigerator, air

conditioner and cooker. 57.6% of Omani households possess a personal computer, compared to 37.7% of expatriate

households. 25.9% of Omani households use the internet, compared to 23.2% of expatriate households.

Figure No. (1) Possession of Durable Goods and Facilities by Nationality

3- Household Average Monthly Expenditure and Consumption

Omani Household Average Monthly Expenditure : The Survey results indicate that Omani household average monthly expenditure reached RO.605,

while Omani urban household monthly expenditure amounted to RO.631, compared to

RO.513 in rural localities.

Omani household expenditure on food reached 32.8% from total expenditure, RO.240.

The average expenditure of Omani household headed by a male reached RO.745, while the average expenditure of households headed by a female amounted to RO.581.

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Omani household’s average expenditure on interest of housing and consumer loans amounted to

(RO.30) in accordance with a rate of interest ranging from 4% to 9%.

Omani household monthly expenditure on social insurance reached around 3.4 %, RO.28.

Transportation and communications share reached more than one fifth of the Omani household budget, 21.7 % , RO.158.5.

Average expenditure of Omani households on medical care RO.8 and on education RO.19 were low due to the provision of these services free of charge.

Household Average Monthly Expenditure by Nationality:The survey results show that the value of the consumer basket for all households at the Sultanate level reached RO.601 distributed among the various monthly expenditure items, revealing that food claimed the highest share of the household budget at the Sultanate level for both Omanis and expatriates taken together. The following table and figure depict the details:.

Table No.(5)

Omani and Expatriate Households Average Expenditure at the Sultanate Level by Goods and Services Groups in Omani Rials.

Household Nationality All Households at the Sultanate Level Omani Households Expatriate

HouseholdsSize of sample 4510 3186 1324

Goods & Services Omani Rial % Omani

Rial % Omani Rial %

Food 181.1 29.9 139.8 32.8 91.7 22.1

Housing 97.9 16.2 62.7 8.6 151.7 36.6

Clothing 39.2 6.5 57.0 7.8 12.2 2.9

Household Facilities 31.2 5.2 42.1 5.8 14.8 3.7

Medical care 6.8 1.1 8.1 1.1 4.8 1.2

Education & Culture 28.7 4.7 27.6 3.8 30.3 7.3

Transportation 78.2 12.9 103.5 14.2 39.6 9.5

Communications 46.4 7.7 54.9 7.5 33.3 8.0

Personal care 24.0 4.0 32.7 4.5 10.5 2.5

Travel abroad 17.5 2.9 16.7 2.3 18.8 4.5

Non-consumption expenditure * 42.1 7.0 68.9 9.4 1.2 0.3

Paid cash transfers ** 5.0 0.8 8.2 1.1 0.3 0.1

Other Goods & Services *** 6.9 1.1 7.8 1.1 5.5 1.3

Total 605 100 730.0 100.0 414.7 100.0

*Non-Consumption expenditure: social insurance, interest on Loans, Administrative charges.** Paid cash transfers: Zakat, charity and Eid gifts.*** Other Goods and services: Cigrettes and tobacco, writing and drawing stationary, financial and legal services, typing and photocopying services.

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Figure No. (2)Households Average Expenditures at the Sultanate Level (%)

Households Monthly Expenditure by Governorate/Region:Muscat governorate came ranked first according to monthly expenditure with an average expenditure amounting to RO.930 for Omani households compared to RO.820 for total households taken together (Omani and expatriate) Households. Dhofar governorate came last with an average expenditure amounting to RO.557 for Omani household, compared to RO.344 for both Omani and expatriate households.

The following table gives the details.

Table No. (6)Average Monthly Household Expenditure in Omani Rial by Governorate/Region

Variables

Household Average Monthly Expenditure in O.R. by Governorate/Region

Mus

cat

Al B

atin

a

Mus

anda

m

Adh

D

ahira

h

Ad

Dak

hliy

a

Al

Shar

qiya

h

Al W

usta

Dho

far

Sulta

nate

Omani Households 930 667 736 845 737 569 598 557 730

Total Households 820 540 544 571 597 473 382 344 605

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Figure No. (3)Omani Household Average Monthly Expenditure in Omani Rial by Governorate/

Region

Distribution of Omani Households by Monthly ConsumptionThe distribution of the sample of the Household monthly consumption reveals that the consumption of 45% of household was below the middle consumption value of RO.634 per month, while the consumption of 41.4% of urban household was below this middle level and and the percentage rises to 54.7 % in rural areas. The following table gives the details.

Table No. (7)Distribution of Omani Households by Monthly Consumption and Localities

Population localities

Consumption in Rial Omani / Percentage Share159 or

less

160 to 317

318 to 476

477 to 633

634 Middle group

635 to 793

794 to 952

953 to 1110

1111 and

aboveTotal

Sultanate 1.5 7.5 16.7 19.3 0.1 16.4 11.4 8.1 19.0 100.0Urban 1.2 6.2 15.1 18.9 0.1 16.4 11.9 8.8 21.4 100.0Rural 2.3 10.8 20.9 20.7 0.1 16.4 9.8 6.2 12.8 100.0

Differences in Omani Households ConsumptionThe following table measures the household Consumption percentages starting from the highest fifth to the lowest fifth.

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Table No. (8)The Share of the Highest and Lowest Fifths of Omani Households from Total

Consumption (%)

Year of SurveyNational Total Consumption

Highest Fifth 2nd Fifth 3rd Fifth 4th Fifth Lowest Fifth2010 45.2 22.1 15.7 10.9 6.1

Gini Coefficient Reached (30.7%) for all Omanis: This coefficient represents another measure which determines the differences in income and consumption. The survey results show that the value of the Gini coefficient reached (30.7) at the Sultanate level it is almost the same in both urban and rural localities

Differences in income and consumption were minimal between urban and rural localities or between regions and more evenly distributed in Dhofar governorate and less evenly distributed in Musandam governorate .Table No.(9) shows the details:

Table No. (9)Gini Coefficient by Population localities and Governorate / Region (%)

Sulta

nate

Urb

an

Rur

al

Mus

cat

Gov

erno

rate

Al B

atin

ah

Mus

anda

m

Gov

erno

rate

Adh

- Dha

hira

h

Ada

khliy

ah

Ash

arqi

yah

Al-W

usta

Dho

far

Gov

erno

rate

30.7 30.7 30.7 29.7 28.5 34.9 30.6 30.8 29 29.3 21.5

Omani Consumer’s Food Basket Value Reached (R.O.254 )The value of the food basket at the Sultanate level, as shown by the result of the survey, reached RO.190 per month, while it reached RO.254 for Omani households and RO.91 for expatriate households. The following table and figure show the distribution of the food basket on the food groups according to value and percentage of each group by the nationality of the household.

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Table No. (10)Value and Percentage of the Food Basket

Food Group

Households total consumption

Omani Households Consumption

Expatriate Households

ConsumptionOmani

Rial % Omani Rial % Omani

Rial %

Cereals & Cereals products 22.7 12.0 30.5 12.0 10.8 11.8

Meat & Poultry 33.7 17.8 49.2 19.4 10.0 10.8

Fish 13.0 6.8 18.4 7.2 4.8 5.2

Milk & Eggs 18.1 9.6 24.0 9.5 9.2 10.0

Oil & Fats 3.8 2.0 4.8 1.9 2.2 2.4

Fruits 16.6 8.8 23.2 9.1 6.5 7.2

Vegetables & Legumes 18.8 9.9 23.8 9.4 11.2 12.2

Sugar & Honey 7.0 3.6 9.8 3.9 2.7 2.9

Non-Alcoholic Beverages 11.7 6.2 15.0 5.9 6.8 7.4

Meals at Restaurants 28.6 15.1 31.6 12.5 24.0 26.1

Home Produced Food * 8.5 4.5 14.0 5.5 0.1 0.1

Other(tea, spices…etc) 7.1 3.7 9.4 3.7 3.6 3.9

Total 189.6 100.0 253.7 100.0 91.9 100.0

* This table shows expenditure on food in addition to home produced food evaluated at market price, hence it is called household consumption.

Figure No. (4)Distribution of the Food Basket among Total Household

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Table No. (11)Average Monthly Consumption of Omani Households by Value and Quantity

Commodity Unit Quantity ValueOmani Rial

Rice – different kinds Kg 30.447 16.918

Flour and Wheat Kg 16.130 3.553

Macaroni - different kinds Kg 1.816 1.071

Bread – different kinds Kg 14.105 4.870

Biscuits & Bakery Products Kg 2.867 3.360

Other Cereal Products Kg 0.387 0.711

Sheep, goats, cow & camels meat Kg 14.889 40.115

Poultry – different kinds Kg 16.972 17.596

Fish and sea products Kg 11.040 18.868

Fresh Milk Litre 13.185 5.239

Concentrated Milk Litre 3.154 2.721

Powder milk Kg 2.410 5.379

Milk – all kinds Litre 5.780 2.493

Yogurt – all kinds Kg 3.472 1.878

Butter – all kinds Kg 0.608 0.748

Cheese – all kinds Kg 2.123 4.075

Other Milk Products Kg 0.399 0.643

Eggs Kg 3.681 3.649

Edible Oils – all kinds litre 4.931 3.325

Fats – all kinds Kg 0.356 0.952

Othe Oils and Fats Kg 1.404 0.833

Lemon Kg 1.858 1.069

Other Citrus Kg 13.933 5.057

Bananas Kg 7.953 3.210

Dates – Fresh Kg 2.170 1.642

Fresh Fruits including Melon Kg 23.069 10.940

Dates Kg 4.286 2.741

Other Dried Fruits Kg 0.242 0.316

Canned Fruits Kg 0.088 0.076

Fresh Tomatoes Kg 10.705 3.511

Dry Onions Kg 11.074 2.590

Other Fresh Vegetables Kg 17.872 8.418

Canned Vegetables Kg 1.706 1.140

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Commodity Unit Quantity ValueOmani Rial

Frozen Vegetables Kg 0.109 0.125

Potatoes Kg 6.045 1.934

Potatoes Products - Chips Kg 1.202 3.644

Leguminous – all kinds Kg 3.829 2.492

Nuts Kg 0.391 0.967

Spices – all kinds Kg 1.353 2.640

Table Salt Kg 3.990 0.433

Other Foods Kg 1.778 2.243

Sugar – all kinds Kg 7.466 2.380

Honey – all kinds Kg 0.322 1.521

Omani Halwa Kg 1.307 2.388

Chocolate – all kinds Kg 0.894 2.483

Sugar Products Kg 0.171 0.272

Chewing gum etc No./Piece 4.716 0.239

Ice Cream Litre 0.706 0.614

Tea – all kinds Kg 0.414 1.148

Coffee – all kinds Kg 1.049 1.979

Cocoa & other kinds Kg 0.007 0.020

Beverages – all kinds Litre 11.161 3.203

Mineral Water – all kinds + Ice Litre 57.913 3.111

Fruit Juice & other drinks Litre 16.467 7.156

Meals in Restaurants -- -- 31.615

Concentrated Juices Kg 0.338 0.417

Powder Juices Kg 0.811 1.095

Total -- - 253.826

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4 – Household’s Average Monthly Income

Household’s Average Monthly Income in Omani Rial by Nationality:Omani household’s monthly Income reached RO.1172.3 from all sources after adding the imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings, and RO.1024.3 without imputed rent, compared to RO.651 for expatriate households after adding the imputed rent and RO.649.9 without adding imputed rent. The following table gives the details .

Table No. (12)Household Monthly Income in Omani Rial by Nationality

Variables Omani Households

Expatriate Households

Sample Size 3186 1324

Wages & Salaries - (O.R.) 782.1 625.9

Employers & Own Account – (O.R.) 95.1 21.4

Income from Property (O.R.) 33.4 0.2

Imputed Rent for Owner-Occupied House (O.R.) 148 1.1

Current Transfer (O.R.) 113.7 2.4

Total after Adding Imputed Rent (O.R.) 1172.3 651

Total Excluding Imputed Rent of Owner – Occupied House (O.R.) 1024.3 649.9

Average Monthly Income of Paid Employees by Sex and Nationality:Average Monthly Income of Omani males on paid employment reached RO.546.9 compared to RO. 540.9 for females. On the other hand Average monthly Income of expatriate male paid employees reached RO. 293.2 compared to RO. 504.7 for females.The following table shows the details:

Table No. (13)Average Monthly Income of Paid Employees according to Sex and Nationality in

Omani Rials.

SEXAverage Monthly Income for Paid Employees (R.O)

Omani Expatriate TotalMales 546.9 293.2 457.8

Females 540.9 504.7 536.5

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Average Monthly Income of Paid Employees by Educational Level:

The survey results reveal that there is a positive correlation between the average income of paid employees and the educational level as expected. The following table depicts the details.

Table No. (14)

Average Monthly Income of Employees on paid jobs by Educational Level in Oman Rial.

Educational LevelAverage Monthly Income of employees on paid Jobs (R.O)

Omani Expatriate TotalBelow Primary 451.2 109.0 249.6

Primary & Preparatory 465.9 134.3 8.692

Secondary 438.8 222.0 402.0

Intermediate Colleges-Diploma 787.0 529.0 666.2

Bachelor or above 1049.5 1068.5 1058.8

Average of all educational Levels 569.5 387.6 496.5

Figure No. (5)Average Monthly Income of Paid Employees by Education Level

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Distribution of Households in the Sultanate by Monthly Income Groups:40 % of Omani households have a monthly income of RO. 1100 or more compared to only 16.3% of expatriate households. The following table shows the details.

Table No. (15)Distribution of Households by Monthly Income Group

Distribution of Households

Less

than

100

100

to 1

99

200

to 2

99

300

to 3

99

400

to 4

99

500

to 5

99

600

to 6

99

700

to 8

99

900

to 1

099

+110

0

Omani Households (%) 0.5 2.2 4.9 6.8 7.6 7.4 7.8 12.7 10.2 40.0Expatriate Households (%) 7.3 16.9 14.3 12.4 7.9 6.6 5.5 7.8 5.0 16.3

Omani Household Size and Monthly IncomeThe survey results show the relation between the household size and its monthly income, where it is found that around 39.4 % of Omani household exceed the size of 6 individuals. It was also found that there is a positive correlation between the household size and its income but a negative correlation between the average per capita income and the household size. The following table gives the details.

Table No. (16)The correlation between Household size and Monthly Income

Average Household Size Percentage of Total (%)

Share in Total Household Income (%)

Average per capita Income (R.O)

1 – 3 persons 32.9 5.5 231.8

4 – 6 persons 27.7 19.9 182.3

7 – 9 persons 19.7 29.6 142.2

10 – 12 persons 11.8 22.5 125.9

13 + 7.9 22.5 130

Total 100 100 812.2

Dependency Ratio and Monthly Income for Omani Households:The survey results reveal that the dependency ratio in 35.5% or more of the total Omani households exceeds 5 persons, whereas their share in income does not exceed 26.4%. On the other hand it is found that households with a dependency rate of less than 3 members command around 39.4% of the total household income but represents 33.1% of total households. The following table gives the details.

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Table No.(17)Dependency Ratio and Monthly Income of Omani Household

Dependency Ratio Percentage of Households (%)

Total monthly share in Income (%)

7 or more 18.9 13.1

5 and less than 7 16.6 13.3



1 person 8.4 2.3

Total 100 100

Monthly Income by sector of employment of the Head of Household:The highest average monthly income was accrued in those employed by the public sector, where it reached RO.1258 as against an average income of RO.840 earned by those working in the private sector and RO.614 in the household sector.

It is worth noting that Omani households depend on the public sector for providing 57% of their total income, while expatriate households depend on the private sector for providing 87% of their total income. The following table gives the details.

Table No. (18)Average Monthly Income by Sector of Employment of the Head of Household

Sector

NationalityOmani Expatriate Total

Omani Rial % of total Income Omani Rial % of total

Income Omani Rial % of total Income

Public 1281.4 57.3 1033.9 9.5 1258 41.0

Private 1184.5 31.1 699.7 87.4 840.2 50.2

Household 1034.4 11.6 156.4 3.1 614.3 8.8

Omani Household Average Monthly Income Per Capita by Governorate/Region:The survey results have shown that Omani households in Muscat governorate earned the highest income at the Sultanate level reaching R.O 1459 including imputed rent for owner-occupied houses and R.O 1183 without this rent. Results have also shown that Al-Wusta Region recorded the lowest household income at the Sultanate level. The monthly income of these households in Al-Wusta Region reached R.O 856 including imputed owner-occupied rent and R.O 797 without this rent. The following table gives the details.

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Table No. (19)Omani Household Average Monthly Income Per Capita by Governorate/Region

Governorate/Region

Variables

Household Monthly Income inclusive of imputed owner

occupied rent

Household Monthly Income exclusive of imputed owner

occupied rent

Muscat 1459 1183

Al-Batinah 1049 950

Musandam 875 805

Adh-Dahira 1106 1002

Ad-Dakhliya 1181 1081

Ash-Sharqiyah 937 824

Al-Wusta 856 797

Dhofar 1390 1228

Sultanate 1172 1024

Figure No. (6)Omani Households Average Monthly Income by Per Capita Governorate/Region

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Household Average Monthly Income Per Capita by Locality and Nationality:The average per capita monthly income reached RO.159.1 at the Sultanate level R.O 172.9 in Urban localities and R.O 118.5 in Rural localities. With regard to nationality, per capita income of Omani individuals amounted to R.O. 144.3 and R.O 220.9 for expatriates. The high per capita average income for expatriates is attributed to their low household size averaging to 2.9 persons in addition to the engagement of most expatriates in paid employment.

Table No. (20) Household Average Monthly Income Per Capita by Locality and Nationality

Population localities & Nationality(Omani Rial) Per Capita Income from Monthly Income

Population LocalitiesUrbanRural

172.9118.5

NationalityOmaniExpatriate

144.3220.9

The Sultanate 159.1

Documents

The Final Findings of the Household - ncsi.gov.om Findings E... · The Results of The Household Expenditure and ... 102011) SULTANATE OF OMAN National Center for ... The General Population