The Female Genital OrgansThe Female Genital OrgansAn OverviewAn Overview

Per BrodalPer BrodalInstitutt for medisinske basalfagInstitutt for medisinske basalfag

Universitetet i OsloUniversitetet i Oslo

9th Semester 20089th Semester 2008

Overview

Ovary

Tuba uterina (Fallopian tube, oviduct, salpinx)

Vagina

Vulva = External genitalia

Uterus

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Relations

The ovary

Ureter

Thieme Atlas of Anatomy, 2006

Urethra

Bladder

Tuba uterina

Vagina

Urogenital diaphragm

Lig. teres uteri

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

Rectum

Uterus

Lig. ovarii proprium

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Peritoneum Covers the Pelvic OrgansPeritoneum

Fornix posterior (vaginae)

Excavatio rectouterina (Fossa Douglasi)

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Angles and Positions of the Uterus

Anteversion

Anteflexion

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Positions and Ligaments of the Ovary and the Uterus

Lig. Suspensorium ovarii Fundus uteri

Lig. teres uteriOvary

Tuba uterinaLig. ovarii proprium

A. Iliaca communis

Ureter

A. obturatoria

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Thieme Atlas of Anatomy, 2006

The Ligamentum Latum is a Fold of the Peritoneum

Ligamentum latumTuba

Ovary

Lig. latum

Tuba uterina

OvaryUterus

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Some more Terms…

Endometrium

Myometrium

Perimetrium

Parametrium

Ischioanal fossa

Levator ani muscle

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Relations in the Parametrium

UreterUterine artery

Venous plexus and nerve plexus

Sobotta

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The Uterus

Cavum uteri

Fundus

Cervix uteri

Canalis cervicis

Internal os

External os

Corpus uteri

Fornix vaginae

Isthmus

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Portio vaginalis

Portio Changes after Giving Birth

Nullipara

External os

Multipara

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Lower Uterine Segment

Late pregnancy Late labor Obstructed labor

Llewellyn-Jones

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Uterus in Pregnancy and after Delivery

Months of pregnancy

6

9

10

Benninghoff/Goerttler

Uterus in the opening period

Days after delivery

2

5

9

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The Ovary and the Fallopian Tube

Infundibulum

Ampulla

Isthmus

Fimbriae

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Fixation of the Uterus

Condensations of the pelvic fasciae (”ligaments”)

But: Dynamic muscular support is absolutely necessary to prevent

descent of the uterus!

Cardinal ligament

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Sacrouterine ligament

Fixation cont’d

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Perineal Region

The perineum

The urogenital region

The anal region

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Vulva

Vestibulum

Glans clitoris

Glandula vestibularis major (Bartholini)

Labia minora

Thieme: Atlas of Anatomy

Urethral opening

Labia majora

Bulbus vestibuli

Bulbospongiosus muscle

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Examination of the Bartholini’s Gland

19

Hamilton Bailey’s: Demonstration of physical signs in clinical surgery 1967

Abscess of the left Bartholini’s gland

P. Brodal 2008

Blood supply

Ovarian artery

Uterin artery

Extensive venous plexuses

External genitals: mainly from internal pudendal artery

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Lymphatic Drainage from the Female Genital Organs

21P. Brodal 2008Thieme, Atlas of Anatomy

Vulva: to external inguinal lymph nodes (exception: anterior part of clitoris)