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The Expansion/CompressionFactor
in Translated Texts
The Localisation Research Forum27-28 September 2007, Dublin
Luis R. Cerna
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 2
What is it all about?
StudyArticle, Hardcopy
etc.Expectations? others
others Localisation
non linguistic linguistic
source lang. target languages
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 3
The Study
Specialty Fields
- Animal nutrition, animal care, veterinary medicine, manufacturing processes and patents- Chemistry, process engineering, plant engineering and patents- Precision mechanics, automatic control systems and patentsPatents are not considered as a specialty field per se.
Language Combinations
DE => ESDE => ENEN => DEEN => ESES => DEES => EN
Each combination documents 50 Texts. Language abbreviations according to ISO 639-1.
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 4
The Study
Present Research
- Column with „Number of words“ insource and target language crucialfor the study.- Relationship between the number of words in source and targetlanguage as a practical guide forreliable cost/space estimation.
Further Research
- Column with „Characters with spaces“ in source and target language reserved for further research.- Universities are welcome to continue the research.
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 5
The Tables
A B C D
Headers
RegistrationNumber (1)
Text Specifications (1+2)
Characters with Spaces (1+2)
E
Number of Words(1+2)
% Number of Words(1)
Footers
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 6
The Formula
• Number of words in the source language divided by 100 = A
• Number of words in the target language divided by A = B
• B minus 100 = percentage C contained in the number of words in the source language
• Important: observe plus or minus!
• Example 1: SL = 30,542 words, TL = 36,589 words -> 30,542 : 100 = 305.42 -> 36,589 : 305.42 = 119.79896 -> 119.79896 – 100 = +19.79896 ~ +19.80
• Example 2: SL = 597 words, TL = 507 words -> 597 : 100 = 5.97 -> 507 : 5.97 = 84.924623 -> 84.924623 – 100 = -15.07538 ~ -15.07
• Tolerance: ±0.2
• Example 3: values from -14.80 to -15.20 can be rounded to -15.00%
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 7
Animal Nutrition, DE=>EN
• Total amount percentage: +1,000.52• Total amount mean value of percentage for 50
documents: +1,000.52 : 50 = +20.0104• Mean value: +20.01%• Rounded mean value according to the tolerance
(±0.2): +20.00%• Maximal divergence values: +2.50% and +42.78%• More details in the Tables!
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 8
Animal Nutrition, DE=>ES
• Total amount percentage: +1,749.96• Total amount mean value of percentage for 50
documents: +1,749.96 : 50 = +34.9992• Mean value: +34.99%• Rounded mean value according to the tolerance
(±0.2): +35.00%• Maximal divergence values: +3.98% and +104.09%• More details in the Tables!
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 9
Animal Nutrition, EN=>DE
• Total amount percentage: -998.54• Total amount mean value of percentage for 50
documents: -998.54 : 50 = -19.9708• Mean value: -19.97%• Rounded mean value according to the tolerance
(±0.2): -20.00%• Maximal divergence values: -4.67% and -30.35%• More details in the Tables!
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 10
Animal Nutrition, EN=>ES
• Total amount percentage: +750.12• Total amount mean value of percentage for 50
documents: +750.12 : 50 = +15.0024• Mean value: +15.00%• Rounded mean value according to the tolerance
(±0.2): +15.00%• Maximal divergence values: +3.03% and +45.68%• More details in the Tables!
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 11
Animal Nutrition, ES=>DE
• Total amount percentage: -1,750.12• Total amount mean value of percentage for 50
documents: -1,750.12 : 50 = -35.0024• Mean value: -35.00%• Rounded mean value according to the tolerance
(±0.2): -35.00%• Maximal divergence values: -16.76% and -56.19%• More details in the Tables!
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 12
Animal Nutrition, ES=>EN
• Total amount percentage: -751.33• Total amount mean value of percentage for 50
documents: -751.33 : 50 = -15.0266• Mean value: -15.03%• Rounded mean value according to the tolerance
(±0.2): -15.00%• Maximal divergence values: -4.56% and -25.53%• More details in the Tables!
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 13
Chemistry, DE=>EN
• Total amount percentage: +999.63• Total amount mean value of percentage for 50
documents: +999.63 : 50 = +19.9926• Mean value: +19.99%• Rounded mean value according to the tolerance
(±0.2): +20.00%• Maximal divergence values: +42.65% and +0.83%• More details in the Tables!
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 14
Chemistry, DE=>ES
• Total amount percentage: +1,750.20• Total amount mean value of percentage for 50
documents: +1,750.20 : 50 = +35.004• Mean value: +35.00%• Rounded mean value according to the tolerance
(±0.2): +35.00%• Maximal divergence values: +57.14% and +16.36%• More details in the Tables!
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 15
Chemistry, EN=>DE
• Total amount percentage: -999.65• Total amount mean value of percentage for 50
documents: -999.65 : 50 = -19.993• Mean value: -19.99%• Rounded mean value according to the tolerance
(±0.2): -20.00%• Maximal divergence values: -3.36% and -40.00%• More details in the Tables!
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 16
Chemistry, EN=>ES
• Total amount percentage: +749.99• Total amount mean value of percentage for 50
documents: +749.99 : 50 = +14.9998• Mean value: +14.99%• Rounded mean value according to the tolerance
(±0.2): +15.00%• Maximal divergence values: +45.40% and +3.12%• More details in the Tables!
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 17
Chemistry, ES=>DE
• Total amount percentage: -1,750.30• Total amount mean value of percentage for 50
documents: -1,750.30 : 50 = -35.006• Mean value: -35.00%• Rounded mean value according to the tolerance
(±0.2): -35.00%• Maximal divergence values: -6.35% and -60.23%• More details in the Tables!
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 18
Chemistry, ES=>EN
• Total amount percentage: -750.03• Total amount mean value of percentage for 50
documents: -750.03 : 50 = -15.0006• Mean value: -15.00%• Rounded mean value according to the tolerance
(±0.2): -15.00%• Maximal divergence values: -4.39% and -25.22%• More details in the Tables!
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 19
Mechanics, DE=>EN
• Total amount percentage: +1,000.10• Total amount mean value of percentage for 50
documents: +1,000.10 : 50 = +20.002• Mean value: +20.00%• Rounded mean value according to the tolerance
(±0.2): +20.00%• Maximal divergence values: +25.31% and +15.25%• More details in the Tables!
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 20
Mechanics, DE=>ES
• Total amount percentage: +1,750.08• Total amount mean value of percentage for 50
documents: +1,750.08 : 50 = +35.0016• Mean value: +35.00%• Rounded mean value according to the tolerance
(±0.2): +35.00%• Maximal divergence values: +6.45% and +57.14%• More details in the Tables!
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 21
Mechanics, EN=>DE
• Total amount percentage: -1,000.03• Total amount mean value of percentage for 50
documents: -1,000.03 : 50 = -20.0006• Mean value: -20.00%• Rounded mean value according to the tolerance
(±0.2): -20.00%• Maximal divergence values: -3.35% and -30.89%• More details in the Tables!
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 22
Mechanics, EN=>ES
• Total amount percentage: +751.69• Total amount mean value of percentage for 50
documents: +751.69 : 50 = +15.0338• Mean value: +15.03%• Rounded mean value according to the tolerance
(±0.2): +15.00%• Maximal divergence values: +4.15% and +33.33%• More details in the Tables!
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 23
Mechanics, ES=>DE
• Total amount percentage: -1,750.19• Total amount mean value of percentage for 50
documents: -1,750.19 : 50 = -35.0038• Mean value: -35.00%• Rounded mean value according to the tolerance
(±0.2): -35.00%• Maximal divergence values: -9.02% and -60.26%• More details in the Tables!
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 24
Mechanics, ES=>EN
• Total amount percentage: -749.98• Total amount mean value of percentage for 50
documents: -749.98 : 50 = -14.9996• Mean value: -14.99%• Rounded mean value according to the tolerance
(±0.2): -15.00%• Maximal divergence values: -4.57% and -24.50%• More details in the Tables!
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 25
Overview for DE, EN, ES
=>DE =>EN =>ES
DE=> +20.00% +35.00%
EN=> -20.00% +15.00%
ES=> -35.00% -15.00%
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 26
Example 1
Source language EN:
Fig. 5 Oil pipe as seen from the oil pipe (from the operator‘s side)
Target language ES:Fig. 5 Línea de lubricación
vista desde el fin de la misma línea de lubricación (desde la prespectiva del operador)
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 27
Example 2
Source language DE:
Alleinfutter – Gefärbt mit EWG-Zusatzstoffen. X enthält alle speziell auf die Ernährungsbedürfnisse fleischfressender Cichliden und anderer größerer Aquarienfische abgestimmten Bestandteile in ausgewogener Mischung: Fisch und Fischnebenerzeugnisse, Getreide, Algen, Hefen und tierische Nebenerzeugnisse.
Target language ES:
Alimento completo – Coloreado con aditivos autorizados por la CEE. X contiene todos los ingredientes adaptados especialmente a las necesidades nutritivas de los cíclidos carnívoros y otros grandes peces ornamentales en cantidades equilibradas: Pescado y productos secundarios de pescado, cereales, algas, levaduras, y productos secundarios de animal.
© 2007 Luis R. Cerna 28
Thank you very much foryour attention!
If you have any questions, don‘t hesitate to ask them!
Contact address:
Luis R. Cerna
LrcernaATaol.com
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