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The Evolution of Trading and Military Strategies:An Agent-Based Simulation
1 August 2003
David L. Rousseau Assistant Professor
Department of Political Science235 Stiteler Hall
University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA 19104
E-mail: [email protected]: (215) 898-6187Fax: (215) 573-2073
andMax Cantor
Department of Political Scienceand the School of Engineering and Applied Science
University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA 19104
E-mail: [email protected]
Paper prepared for the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, August 28-31, 2003, Philadelphia, PA. Please send comments to the first author.
This file contains the simulation figures from Rousseau and Cantor (2003). The remaining figures appear in the text of the paper.
Figure 8: Output From The Baseline Model
A) Distribution of traits in the landscape at iteration 1000 (Attribute=1 shown in black).
B) Distribution of War shown by black lines connecting nodes.
C) Distribution of Trade shown by green lines connecting nodes.
F) Change in the Percentage of States Having Traits 1, 2, 12, &13 Across Time.
G) Average Number of Wars, Trade, and Gini Coefficient Across Time
D) Spatial Distribution of Wealth (Blue above 1000 and Red Below 1000 Power Unites)
Figure 10: H1: Increasing the Gains From Trade
A) Distribution of traits in the landscape at iteration 1000 (Attribute=1 shown in black).
B) Distribution of War shown by black lines connecting nodes.
C) Distribution of Trade shown by green lines connecting nodes.
F) Change in the Percentage of States Having a Traits 1, 2, 12, &13 Across Time.
G) Average Number of Wars, Trade, and Gini Coefficient Across Time
D) Spatial Distribution of Wealth (Blue above 1000 and Red Below 1000 Power Unites)
Figure 11: H2: Offense Dominance
A) Distribution of traits in the landscape at iteration 1000 (Attribute=1 shown in black).
B) Distribution of War shown by black lines connecting nodes.
C) Distribution of Trade shown by green lines connecting nodes.
G) Average Number of Wars, Trade, and Gini Coefficient Across Time
D) Spatial Distribution of Wealth (Blue above 1000 and Red Below 1000 Power Unites)
F) Change in the Percentage of States Having a Traits 1, 2, 12, &13 Across Time.
Figure 12: H3: Permitting Trade with Non-Neighbors
A) Distribution of traits in the landscape at iteration 1000 (Attribute=1 shown in black).
B) Distribution of War shown by black lines connecting nodes.
C) Distribution of Trade shown by green lines connecting nodes.
G) Average Number of Wars, Trade, and Gini Coefficient Across Time
D) Spatial Distribution of Wealth (Blue above 1000 and Red Below 1000 Power Unites)
F) Change in the Percentage of States Having a Traits 1, 2, 12, &13 Across Time.
Figure 13: H5: Altering the Exit Payoffs
Baseline Model0.10 Exit Payoffs 0.90 Exit Payoffs
War
s: L
ine
Con
nect
ions
Tra
des:
Lin
e C
onne
ctio
nsG
ene
Pre
vale
nce
Ove
r T
ime
Pow
er L
evel
Rel
ativ
e to
Sta
rtT
rade
, War
and
Ineq
uali
ty A
cros
s T
ime
Figure 14: Absolute versus Relative Payoffs in the Trade Game
Absolute Payoffs Relative PayoffsW
ars:
Lin
e C
onne
ctio
nsT
rade
s: L
ine
Con
nect
ions
Gen
e P
reva
lenc
eO
ver
Tim
eP
ower
Lev
elR
elat
ive
to S
tart
Tra
de, W
ar a
ndIn
equa
lity
Acr
oss
Tim
e
Figure 15: Rapid Learning Representative Runs
A) Distribution of traits in the landscape at iteration 1000 (Attribute=1 shown in black).
B) Distribution of War shown by black lines connecting nodes.
C) Distribution of Trade shown by green lines connecting nodes.
G) Average Number of Wars, Trade, and Gini Coefficient Across Time
D) Spatial Distribution of Wealth (Blue above 1000 and Red Below 1000 Power Unites)
F) Change in the Percentage of States Having a Traits 1, 2, 12, &13 Across Time.
Figure 16: Simultaneously Raise Trade Benefits and War Costs
A) Distribution of traits in the landscape at iteration 1000 (Attribute=1 shown in black).
B) Distribution of War shown by black lines connecting nodes.
C) Distribution of Trade shown by green lines connecting nodes.
G) Average Number of Wars, Trade, and Gini Coefficient Across Time
D) Spatial Distribution of Wealth (Blue above 1000 and Red Below 1000 Power Unites)
F) Change in the Percentage of States Having a Traits 1, 2, 12, &13 Across Time.
Figure 17: Simultaneously Allow Rapid Learning, Increased Trade Benefits, & Increased War Costs
A) Distribution of traits in the landscape at iteration 1000 (Attribute=1 shown in black).
B) Distribution of War shown by black lines connecting nodes.
C) Distribution of Trade shown by green lines connecting nodes.
G) Average Number of Wars, Trade, and Gini Coefficient Across Time
D) Spatial Distribution of Wealth (Blue above 1000 and Red Below 1000 Power Unites)
F) Change in the Percentage of States Having a Traits 1, 2, 12, &13 Across Time.
Figure 18: Relative Gains, Rapid Learning, Increased Trade Benefits, & Increased War Costs
A) Distribution of traits in the landscape at iteration 1000 (Attribute=1 shown in black).
B) Distribution of War shown by black lines connecting nodes.
C) Distribution of Trade shown by green lines connecting nodes.
G) Average Number of Wars, Trade, and Gini Coefficient Across Time
D) Spatial Distribution of Wealth (Blue above 1000 and Red Below 1000 Power Unites)
F) Change in the Percentage of States Having a Traits 1, 2, 12, &13 Across Time.