The English The English ColoniesColonies

U.S. History U.S. History C. CorningC. Corning

First Colonies First English Colonies – raw materials/mineral

extraction, religious freedom (for themselves – not always others!), land

Newfoundland – 1583 – Sir Humphrey Gilbert http://www.canadamaps.info/maps/newfoundl

andpoliticalmap.jpg

Roanoke – Sir Walter Raleigh, 1st attempt 1585, 2nd – 1587 – 1590 (John White Family) – Families and individuals http://www.theshadowlands.net/roanoke.htm

Jamestown Jamestown – Virginia Company of London –

April 1607/144 settlers (Blog – Why Jamestown?) http://historicjamestowne.org/

Profit oriented – gold/silver, furs

John Smith/No work, no food – Dec 1607 – 38 survivors

Disease, hunger, Native Americans

House of Burgesses - 1619

1624 – Virginia now a royal colony

John SmithAnd here in Florida, Virginia, New-England, and Cannada,

is more land than all the people in Christendome can

manure, and yet more to spare than all the natives of those Countries can use and

cultivate. The natives are only too happy to share: If

this be not a reason sufficient to such tender consciences; for a copper kettle and a few toyes, as beads and hatchets, they

will sell you a whole Country . . . the Massachusets have

resigned theirs freely. Advertisements

Jamestown 1609 – 600 new colonists! – The Starving

Time – only 60 survive

More settlers continue to arrive – who are these people? http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/05/

jamestown/jamestown-standalone

Cash crop – tobacco (Brown Gold)/ Labor – indentured servants

African laborers (not slaves) arrive 1619 – slaves more expensive than indentured labor http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/

article_display.cfm?HHID=672

Plymouth Plymouth Colony, New England – 1620

(Pilgrims/Separatists – Church of England) http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h522.html

Leiden, Holland

Private investment from outside of the Pilgrims – The Virginia Company of Plymouth

Mayflower – Sept 6 until Nov 11- landed north of their charter – 102 colonists consisting of Pilgrims (37) and non-Pilgrims - families and individuals (29 women/73 men)

Plymouth Mayflower Compact – agreement to a civil

government and loyalty to the King – signed by 41 passengers (men of legal age - what about the others?)

Initial contact – saw no Native Americans until March 1621 – Samoset / Squanto / Chief Massasoit

Thanksgiving story – 1621 – Day of Thanksgiving – Harvest Festivals – Religious practices (days of prayer and feasts) – not observed as national holiday until Lincoln administration (sometimes celebrated by other presidents as a one-time event)

1691 – absorbed in Massachusetts Bay Colony

Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay Colony – 1630 – (Puritans

– “purify” not break with Church of England – however suffered from discrimination)

Joint-stock enterprise – however leaders brought the charter with them to the New World (no changes possible!)

Predominately families – more stable population, quick population increases

John Winthrop – City on a Hill

John Winthrop

For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we

have undertaken... we shall be made a story and a by-word

throughout the world. We shall open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of the ways of God...

We shall shame the faces of many of God's worthy servants, and cause their prayers to be

turned into curses upon us til we be consumed out of the good land whither we are a-going.[1]

Massachusetts Bay Close relationship between church and state,

limited suffrage, limited representational government – first with a governor and council, later lower legislative houses

No real “cash crop” – agricultural for subsistence needs only, focus on timber, fur and fish – later commercial and shipping industry evolves

Northern ships bring slaves to the Caribbean and the South

http://www.slaverysite.com/slave%20trade.htm

Massachusetts Bay Friction within the colony – Roger Williams

(Providence/Rhode Island), Anne Hutchinson (Rhode Island, later New Amsterdam)

Native American relations – “land use” disputes, colonial expansion (New Hampshire and Connecticut), Pequot War (1637) and King Philip’s War (1675)

No intermarriage or going “native”

Negative impact on Native American population

Massachusetts Bay By 1740 Boston is the largest city in British

North America (Why does Washington D.C. become the capital of U.S.A.?)

http://www.welt-atlas.de/datenbank/karten/karte-7-245.gif