Colonial America

New England Colonies

Middle Colonies

Southern Colonies

English Settlement of the New World

New England Colonies

Colony Reason Founded Date founded

Massachusetts Religious freedom

1620

New Hampshire Trade/fishing 1623

Connecticut Religious freedom & trade

1636

Rhode Island Religious freedom

1636

Life in New England

Climate in New England Rocky land made farming difficult. Most

farmers grew enough to feed their families. Exporting timber became a major source of

income for New Englanders Ship building and fishing Religious groups present: Separatists,

Puritans, Church of England

Life in the New England Colonies

Education – public schools; towns with 50 or more people had to hire a schoolmaster

Famous People – John Winthrop (leader of the Puritans), Roger Williams (founder of Rhode Island to escape the Puritans)

Government – towns and cities were centers of government

Leisure time – most of their time was spent in Church. They had very little time for other leisure activities.

Middle Colonies

Colony Reason Founded Date Founded

New York Trade 1664

New Jersey Trade 1664

Delaware Trade 1664

Pennsylvania Religious and Political freedom

1682

Life in the Middle Colonies

Diverse population – a large number of settlers came from Ireland, Germany and Scotland; most free Africans lived in this area

Land was made up of rich farmland thus farms produced enough food to feed many people in New England and the South.

Farming, Mining and textiles were the mainstay of their economy

Life in the Middle Colonies

Religious groups – Quakers, Dutch Protestant, Jewish

Education – Private Schools; Apprentices. Famous People – William Penn, Benjamin

Franklin. Government – Counties were centers of local

governments because towns were too small. Each state had a legislature.

Leisure time – hunting for sport not food

Southern Colonies

Colony Reason Founded Date Founded

Virginia Trade/farming 1607

Maryland Religious freedom

1634

North Carolina Trade/farming 1663

South Carolina Trade/farming 1663

Georgia Home for debtors 1732

Life in the Southern Colonies

3 distinct areas – mountains, piedmont, coastal plain

Farms in the interior of the colonies tended to be small due to heavy forests.

Large landowners were in the coastal plain region.

Plantation system – slaves, artisans, cash crops

Life in the Southern Colonies

Education – wealthy people hired private teachers or sent their children to European schools

Religious groups – Catholic (MD), Jewish (GA), Church of England

Leisure time – fox hunting, horse racing, harvest parties

Famous people – Lord Baltimore (lived in Maryland; passed a law called the Act of Toleration which guaranteed religious freedom) James Oglethorpe

Government – State legislatures; white, male, property owners that are 21 or older may vote

Georgia

Venn Diagram: 3 Types of Colonies in North America

James Edward Oglethorpe

Wealthy, member of House of Commons (British Parliament).

Worked on prison reform in England especially for people who could not pay their debts.

Oglethorpe and 20 other men proposed another colony to King George II

Reasons for settlement of GA

Allow people of England who could not pay their debts a new beginning in a new colony

Act as a buffer between the Carolinas and the Spanish who controlled Florida

Produce items such as silk, cotton dyes and wine – all products that England had to import from other countries

Georgia’s Charter

June 7, 1732 King George II granted a charter making Oglethorpe and his group responsible for settling GA and managing it for 21 years

No Catholics No slavery No liquor No lawyers

Chief Tomochichi

Settlers left London on the ship Ann Approximately 114-125 people were aboard Ann

Before settling in Georgia Oglethorpe had to make friends with the Yamacraw Indians through their chief, Tomochichi

February 12, 1733 the passengers were allowed to land on Yamacraw Bluff overlooking the Savannah River

Savannah

Oglethorpe, Colonel William Bull and Noble Jones designed the city of Savannah

The city was divided into squares. On the north and south sides of each square were lots for houses and small gardens; the east and west sides were set aside for buildings such a churches and stores; the middle of each square was for social, political and religious meetings.

Review of the Colony

Very few debtors moved to GA In 1742 the colony allowed the trade of rum In 1750 the colony first allowed slaves In 1752 Georgia became a royal colony

under the rule of the King Although the noble ideas on which Georgia

was founded were never fulfilled, the colony made progress and survived

Key Ideas, Terms and People

Charter James Oglethorpe Chief Tomochichi Yamacraw Indians Savannah Proprietary colony Royal colony