The English Civil War, The English Civil War, Restoration and Restoration and Glorious Revolution Glorious Revolution

James IJames I James I (rule 1603 – 1625)James I (rule 1603 – 1625) Took over for Elizabeth ITook over for Elizabeth I ““The state of monarchy. . . is The state of monarchy. . . is

the supremest thing upon the supremest thing upon earth: for Kings are not only earth: for Kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon earth, God’s lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon throne, and sit upon throne, but even by God himself they but even by God himself they are called Gods.”are called Gods.”

“ “ Kings are justly called gods, Kings are justly called gods, for that they exercise a for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of manner or resemblance of divine power upon earth.”divine power upon earth.”

Responsible for King James Responsible for King James Version of the BibleVersion of the Bible

Charles ICharles I

Took over for James in 1625Took over for James in 1625 He needs money to fight wars, He needs money to fight wars, Parliament won’t give it to him. He dissolves it. Parliament won’t give it to him. He dissolves it. 1628- He really needs money. Parliament 1628- He really needs money. Parliament

forced him to sign the Petition of Right, a forced him to sign the Petition of Right, a document that granted rights to citizensdocument that granted rights to citizens

King could not imprison people without just King could not imprison people without just cause, levy taxes without parliament’s consent, cause, levy taxes without parliament’s consent, quarter soldiers in private homes, impose quarter soldiers in private homes, impose martial law (military rule) in peacetimemartial law (military rule) in peacetime

After the P.O.R.After the P.O.R.

Charles signs the P.O.R. and then does Charles signs the P.O.R. and then does not honor it.not honor it.

If he agrees to the P.O.R. he would be If he agrees to the P.O.R. he would be admitting that the law is more powerful admitting that the law is more powerful than him.than him.

Refuses to call ParliamentRefuses to call Parliament Taxes the people heavilyTaxes the people heavily Makes many enemiesMakes many enemies VideoVideo

English Civil WarEnglish Civil War

Charles I tries to get Scottish to follow Anglican Charles I tries to get Scottish to follow Anglican Prayer BookPrayer Book

Scots get mad, form an army, threaten to Scots get mad, form an army, threaten to invade Englandinvade England

Charles needs money to fight the ScotsCharles needs money to fight the Scots He can only get money by calling ParliamentHe can only get money by calling Parliament Parliament hasn’t been called for 11 yearsParliament hasn’t been called for 11 years

The Long ParliamentThe Long Parliament

Parliament meets from 1640-1653 Parliament meets from 1640-1653 Parliament tries to pass laws limiting the power Parliament tries to pass laws limiting the power

of the King of the King This makes Charles madThis makes Charles mad He tries to arrest several leaders of Parliament, He tries to arrest several leaders of Parliament,

but they escapedbut they escaped People of London get angryPeople of London get angry Charles flees to Northern England to raise an Charles flees to Northern England to raise an

armyarmy

English Civil WarEnglish Civil War

1642-16491642-1649 2 sides2 sides Royalists or Cavaliers were loyal to the KingRoyalists or Cavaliers were loyal to the King Wealthy nobles, Flashy, long hairedWealthy nobles, Flashy, long haired Roundheads Roundheads Were Puritan supporters of ParliamentWere Puritan supporters of Parliament Working class, middle class and PuritansWorking class, middle class and Puritans No side wins for first few years of warNo side wins for first few years of war

Oliver Cromwell and the Oliver Cromwell and the New Model ArmyNew Model Army

Parliament forms a professional group of Parliament forms a professional group of soldiers in February of 1645soldiers in February of 1645

Very well disciplinedVery well disciplined Promotions based on merit, not classPromotions based on merit, not class Most members had strong Puritan valuesMost members had strong Puritan values No drinking, cussing, women, gambling, No drinking, cussing, women, gambling,

etc.etc. Cavaliers eventually beaten by New Cavaliers eventually beaten by New

Model ArmyModel Army

The King is executed The King is executed

Parliament tries King Charles I for being Parliament tries King Charles I for being a tyrant, traitor, murderer, and public a tyrant, traitor, murderer, and public enemy.”enemy.”

Was beheaded in January of 1649Was beheaded in January of 1649 Sent shock waves throughout EuropeSent shock waves throughout Europe If a monarch in England can be killed, a If a monarch in England can be killed, a

monarch can be killed in any country.monarch can be killed in any country.

The Execution of Charles The Execution of Charles IIVideo

Lord Oliver CromwellLord Oliver CromwellPower

Corrupts–

it id me!!

A Puritan In Power!

Cromwell comes to PowerCromwell comes to Power Parliament abolishes the MonarchyParliament abolishes the Monarchy England declared a Republic under the rule of England declared a Republic under the rule of

Oliver CromwellOliver Cromwell Became Lord Protector (read: DICTATOR) of

England after Charles’ execution Enforced Blue Laws restricting Christmas,

dancing, gambling, (you get the picture…) Hated Catholics, sent them to barren land in

West Ireland. Any Catholic who disobeyed was to be killed

on sight

Power Corrupts: Lord Oliver Cromwell’s End

Cromwell died in 1658 Son takes over, but can’t keep power People are ready for a King again 1660 Parliament asks Charles II to come back

and be king “Hey Charles. It’s Parliament. First of all, sorry

we cut of your dad’s head. Our bad….. But anyway, how are things? Good. Hey got a favor to ask of you. Do you want to be King?”

Video

Restoration of the Monarchy 1660King Charles II

The Restoration & Charles The Restoration & Charles IIII

Charles II was Charles I eldest son.Charles II was Charles I eldest son. Known as the “Merry Monarch” Known as the “Merry Monarch” Why rule a country when you can party!Why rule a country when you can party! Cancelled Blue LawsCancelled Blue Laws Supported Catholics and believed in Absolute Monarchy, but Supported Catholics and believed in Absolute Monarchy, but

knew how to “play the game with parliamentknew how to “play the game with parliament Dug up Cromwell’s body & put it on display for Dug up Cromwell’s body & put it on display for revenge revenge against against

father’s deathfather’s death

Charles II & ParliamentCharles II & Parliament

Charles II was now head Charles II was now head of Church of Englandof Church of England

He tried to protect He tried to protect Catholics (his brother Catholics (his brother James II was one)James II was one)

Parliament reacted by Parliament reacted by passing Test Act banning passing Test Act banning Catholics from some Catholics from some choice political jobschoice political jobs

Charles dies in 1685…Charles dies in 1685…

James II: James II: The “Bad” The “Bad” BrotherBrother

Are you talkin’ to

me?

Hi, I’m James II your new king. I’m openly

Catholic. England sure dislikes Catholics right

now. I’ve given high offices to my Catholics friends. Oh, and Divine Right of Kings, that’s

my motto!

I hate compromise. I instituted a reign of terror, executing

rebels who opposed me.

William III of Orange and Queen Mary (rule 1689 – 1702)

The The GloriousGlorious (and (and bloodlessbloodless) ) RevolutionRevolution……

Parliament invites James II Parliament invites James II Protestant daughter, Mary Protestant daughter, Mary and her husband William and her husband William to rule Englandto rule England

But…they But…they mustmust obey obey

parliament’sparliament’s wishes wishes They accept James II fleesThey accept James II flees Divine Right to Rule is Divine Right to Rule is

DEAD!DEAD! Will & Mary sign Bill of Will & Mary sign Bill of

Rights to signal their Rights to signal their “okay”“okay”

We, William and MaryOf Orange

Do hereby recognizeParliament as the

Real power

English Bill of RightsEnglish Bill of Rights(1689)(1689) Ratified revolution of 1688Ratified revolution of 1688 Ensures that Parliament will now and forever Ensures that Parliament will now and forever

be superior to the monarchybe superior to the monarchy King had to call parliament reguarlyKing had to call parliament reguarly Parliament controlled spendingParliament controlled spending King couldn’t interfere with Parliament or King couldn’t interfere with Parliament or

dissolve itdissolve it No Catholic could sit on the throneNo Catholic could sit on the throne Trial by JuryTrial by Jury No excessive fines or cruel and unusual No excessive fines or cruel and unusual

punishmentpunishment Habeas corpus- couldn’t throw someone in Habeas corpus- couldn’t throw someone in

jail without charging them with a specific jail without charging them with a specific crime crime

Glorious Revolution and Glorious Revolution and the English Bill or Rightsthe English Bill or Rights

VideoVideo

England is now a limited England is now a limited monarchymonarchy

Absolute Monarch- monarch who has Absolute Monarch- monarch who has complete authority over the government complete authority over the government and lives of the people he or she governsand lives of the people he or she governs

Constitutional/limited monarch- monarch Constitutional/limited monarch- monarch whose power is limited by a constitution whose power is limited by a constitution or legislative bodyor legislative body