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England after the Cromwells
England after the Cromwells
After 10 years of strict Cromwellian rule, the English
people were ready for a change
After 10 years of strict Cromwellian rule, the English
people were ready for a change
After being recalled in 1659, Parliament voted to bring back a Stuart to become England’s next
king
After being recalled in 1659, Parliament voted to bring back a Stuart to become England’s next
king
Charles II becomes king
Charles II becomes king
English people were thrilled when Charles II took the throne in 1660
His reign (1660-1885) is known as the Restoration
because the monarchy was restored after the
Cromwells were in power
English people were thrilled when Charles II took the throne in 1660
His reign (1660-1885) is known as the Restoration
because the monarchy was restored after the
Cromwells were in power
Charles II lets the good times
roll
Charles II lets the good times
roll
Charles II was known as “the merry monarch” because he restored:
*theatre
*sporting events
*dancing
Charles II was known as “the merry monarch” because he restored:
*theatre
*sporting events
*dancing
The arts flourished
under Charles II
The arts flourished
under Charles II
Comedies were very popular, and women
appeared on stage for the first time
Comedies were very popular, and women
appeared on stage for the first time
Charles II was no fool
Charles II was no fool
Charles learned from his father and grandfather’s
mistakes
He rejected the “divine right of king” idea
He wanted to give religious freedom to
Protestants and Catholics, but Parliament maintained that the Church of England was the only legal religion
Charles learned from his father and grandfather’s
mistakes
He rejected the “divine right of king” idea
He wanted to give religious freedom to
Protestants and Catholics, but Parliament maintained that the Church of England was the only legal religion
Legal ReformsLegal ReformsIn 1679, Parliament passed the habeus
corpus law
This law guaranteed every person a right to a trial if accused of a crime
The King could no longer imprison anyone just because they criticized the King
It also prevented the King from denying a person of a trial by jury
This remains a cornerstone of Western law
In 1679, Parliament passed the habeus corpus law
This law guaranteed every person a right to a trial if accused of a crime
The King could no longer imprison anyone just because they criticized the King
It also prevented the King from denying a person of a trial by jury
This remains a cornerstone of Western law
Charles II in troubleCharles II in troubleCharles II eventually gets into trouble over the usual
things:
*religion
and
*money
Charles II eventually gets into trouble over the usual
things:
*religion
and
*money
Charles II and Louis XIV
Charles II and Louis XIV
Because Charles II needed and wanted extra money, he made a deal with King
Louis XIV of France
Charles secretly agreed to convert to Catholicism if Louis XIV hooked him up
with some extra cash
While this was a secret, many English people knew the King was fond of
Catholicism.
They also knew that Charles II had a Catholic brother who was next in line to
the throne
Because Charles II needed and wanted extra money, he made a deal with King
Louis XIV of France
Charles secretly agreed to convert to Catholicism if Louis XIV hooked him up
with some extra cash
While this was a secret, many English people knew the King was fond of
Catholicism.
They also knew that Charles II had a Catholic brother who was next in line to
the throne
Political Parties Appear
Political Parties Appear
Two parties were formed during Charles II reign, one party supported his
brother as King, one party was opposed to his
brother as King
Two parties were formed during Charles II reign, one party supported his
brother as King, one party was opposed to his
brother as King
The WhigsThe Whigs
Whigs were opposed to Charles’
brother as king
Whigs were opposed to Charles’
brother as king
ToriesTories
Tories supported Charles’ brother as
future king
Tories supported Charles’ brother as
future king
Death of Charles IIDeath of Charles II
Charles II dies in 1685 and his brother James II becomes
king
James II believed in the divine right of kings and was not interested in Parliament’s
opinions
Charles II dies in 1685 and his brother James II becomes
king
James II believed in the divine right of kings and was not interested in Parliament’s
opinions
James II in trouble
James II in trouble
James II makes some decisions which quickly make him an unpopular
king
James II makes some decisions which quickly make him an unpopular
king
What makes James II unpopular with both Whigs and
Tories?
What makes James II unpopular with both Whigs and
Tories?He appointed Catholics to high office
He dissolved Parliament and never recalled it
He stationed 13,000 soldiers outside London, was he preparing to force
England to accept Catholicism?
His second wife had a son in 1688 that would likely become a Catholic English
King
England wanted no part of a line of future Catholic kings
He appointed Catholics to high office
He dissolved Parliament and never recalled it
He stationed 13,000 soldiers outside London, was he preparing to force
England to accept Catholicism?
His second wife had a son in 1688 that would likely become a Catholic English
King
England wanted no part of a line of future Catholic kings
William and Mary to replace
Charles II?
William and Mary to replace
Charles II?Charles II’s first wife was a Protestant
who had a daughter named Mary
Mary was married to a Dutch prince, William of Orange
Whigs and Tories schemed to replace Charles II with William and Mary
William landed in England in 1688 and marched with his army to London
Charles II’s first wife was a Protestant who had a daughter named Mary
Mary was married to a Dutch prince, William of Orange
Whigs and Tories schemed to replace Charles II with William and Mary
William landed in England in 1688 and marched with his army to London
Charles II’s army deserted him so he decided to sail to France and live out his life in exile.
The ascendancy of William and Mary is known as the Bloodless or Glorious
Revolution
Charles II’s army deserted him so he decided to sail to France and live out his life in exile.
The ascendancy of William and Mary is known as the Bloodless or Glorious
Revolution
The English Bill of Rights (1689)
The English Bill of Rights (1689)
Establishes Parliament as more powerful than the monarchy
No suspension of Parliament’s lawsNo taxes without consent of
ParliamentNo interfering with freedom of speechNo standing army during peacetime
No excessive bail in courtsNo penalty for criticizing king
William and Mary agreed to all of these points!
Establishes Parliament as more powerful than the monarchy
No suspension of Parliament’s lawsNo taxes without consent of
ParliamentNo interfering with freedom of speechNo standing army during peacetime
No excessive bail in courtsNo penalty for criticizing king
William and Mary agreed to all of these points!
The Last Word
The Last Word
2 English philosophers theorized about whether people had the right to overthrow a monarch.
These men were Thomas Hobbes and John Locke
2 English philosophers theorized about whether people had the right to overthrow a monarch.
These men were Thomas Hobbes and John Locke
Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes
In his book, Leviathan, Hobbes argued that men were wicked by nature
He wrote that an absolute monarchy was the best form of government to
keep people from destroying themselves
In his book, Leviathan, Hobbes argued that men were wicked by nature
He wrote that an absolute monarchy was the best form of government to
keep people from destroying themselves
John LockeJohn LockeLocke argued that men had the ability
to reason and govern themselves
He wrote that government was responsible for providing the rights of
life, liberty and property
If government did not uphold this social contract, people had every right to
overthrow the government
Locke’s ideas were eventually borrowed by American Revolutionaries in their
rebellion against a future English King, George III
Locke argued that men had the ability to reason and govern themselves
He wrote that government was responsible for providing the rights of
life, liberty and property
If government did not uphold this social contract, people had every right to
overthrow the government
Locke’s ideas were eventually borrowed by American Revolutionaries in their
rebellion against a future English King, George III
