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Settingthe time, place, and general
environment in which a piece of fiction occurs
Functions
…makes fiction more credible/believable
…to establish mood
…to illuminate/highlight a character• setting can be similar to a character• setting can contrast with a character
…to provide a source of conflict
All the Places to Love by Patricia MacLachlan
Answer the following questions in your RS– Is the setting established briefly or in great detail?
Explain.– Is the time and place clearly defined or is it vague and
unclear?– Does the writer give you clues to the setting? If so,
what are they?– Is the setting important in this story? Could the story
be successful without the setting? Could the story take place somewhere else?
– How does it establish mood? What is the mood?
Characterization
the method an author uses to get the reader to know the characters
the act of creating and developing the characters
development of characters
Techniques of Characterization
1.Speech - look at what a character says to other characters
2.Thought - look at what a character thinks; this tells us more than what he/she just says
3.Actions - look at what a character does
4.Appearance - look at the way a character appears/dresses/looks; may reveal personality
5.Conversation of others - look at what other characters say about a character
6.Author’s direct comments - the author tells you what you should think/know about the character(s)
Character Web for Russell from “No Gumption”
Russell
Lazy
Salesman for the SEP
A Writer
No Gumption
Feels Rejected
A Boy Called Slow by Joseph Bruchac
What do we learn about Slow through his speech? his thoughts? his actions? his appearance? the conversation of others? the author’s direct comments?
Plot
the sequence of events that make up a story
Three different time orders…
– chronological
– flashback
– interweaving
Foreshadowing
points or hints toward future eventsbuilds tension or suspenseprepares readers to predict or anticipate
future events
Jumanji by Chris Van Allsburg
– Did the author use chronological, flashback, or interweaving order?
– Make a chart and list events in the Exposition; Rising Action; Climax; Resolution/Denouement.
– What was the conflict? How do you know?• man v himself• man v man• man v environment• man v supernatural
– Was there foreshadowing? Was the plot completely resolved? Does the tension continue?
Exposition
• Parents go out for night
• Peter and Judy get bored
• Find Jumanji at park
• Instructions say game MUST end once it is started
Rising Action
• Peter rolls, and lion attacks• Wants to quit, Judy says, “No.”• Judy rolls, and monkeys appear in kitchen• Peter causes monsoon season to begin• Guide gets lost when Judy rolls• Peter gets sleeping sickness• Rhinos stampede on Judy’s turn• Peter wakes up, and rolls; python appears• Volcano erupts causing steam to fill room
Climax
• Judy gets free roll with shortcut
• She gets two sixes
• Slams piece on board and yells, “JUMANJI!”
• Everything disappears
• Kids put game in box
• Game is placed back under tree
Resolution/Denouement
• Parents wake up kids
• Get ready for dinner
• Talk with Mrs. Budwing
• Daniel and Walter are seen with box in park
• Hmmm???
Point of View
the vantage point or perspective
from which fiction is told
TypesFirst Person or PersonalFirst Person ObserverThird Person or Omniscient
Two Types of Symbols
Conventional – universally agreed upon ideas
Created – author creates it him/herself
Fly Away Homeby Eve Bunting
• From what point of view was the story told? How do you know?
• What is a symbol from the story? What does it represent? Is it conventional or created?
Fly Away Homeby Eve Bunting
• How important was settingsetting in the story?
• Which of the six techniques of characterizationcharacterization were used?
• What was the climaxclimax of the story?
• What was the major conflictconflict? How do we know?
Mood
feeling/atmosphere created by a piece of fiction
the emotional charge of a piece of fiction
Mood is created by– plot.– characters.– setting.– author’s word choice.
The Widow’s Broom by Chris Van Allsburg
Answer the following questions in your RS: How would you describe the moodmood? How is the moodmood set by the plot?
characters? setting? What was the climaxclimax of the story? What was the conflictconflict?
Theme
the central messagecentral message, concern, or purpose of a work of fiction
– not a summary of the plot– stimulates the intellect– may be
• stated (the author tells you)• implied (you have to figure it out on your
own)
The Wretched Stoneby Chris Van Allsburg
Answer the following questions in your RS: What is the symbolsymbol in the book? What
does it represent? Is it conventionalconventional or createdcreated?
What is the themetheme? Is it stated or implied?
Tone/Voice
the writer’s attitude
toward his/her audience and subject
Tone is identified by things the author points out. words the author uses. how the author writes the fiction.