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The Effect of Smell on Taste
By Kesav R.Dale T.
Daniel F.And
Mike P.
The Olfactory System
• Olfactory receptors line nasal epithelium, axon extends through pores in bones of skull, dendrite has branches, olfactory cilia that contain receptor proteins for odorants, protected by a thin layer of mucus
Olfactory System
• Receptors send axons to olfactory bulb, in primates lies over nose, in other vertebrates posterior to nose
• Axons from olfactory bulb enter brain via olfactory tract, project to primary olfactory cortex or pyriform cortex on anterioventral of anterioventral of telencephalon, no passage through thalamus
Taste
• Taste is one of the five senses used by the brain to distinguish certain aspects of the natural world, and discern poisons and unhealthy foods
• The main instrument used to taste is the tongue
• However, recognition and memory also plays a role in taste
The Tongue
• The tongue has clusters of taste-receptor cells in taste buds.
• Taste buds are organized into five groups of sensors:
BitterSourSweetSaltyUmami
Taste Buds
• Gustatory receptors found on the tongue, throat, and oral lining (primarily the cheeks)
• Taste pores cluster together to form taste buds
• Each receptor is connected through a synapse to at least one sensory neuron leading to the back of the brain
How Is Flavor Recognized?
• Collaboration of taste, smell, and the brain
• Sensed by taste sensations, food temperature, texture, and odor.
What Causes Smell and Taste Disorders?
• Aging or birth defects
• Several other causes such as laryngitis and smoking
Disturbance of Smell
• Transport olfactory loss
• Sensory olfactory losses
• Others including specific anosmia and and partial anosmia
Effects of Disorders
• Loss of senses
• Loss of ability to distinguish flavor
How to Diagnose Disorders
• Several easy tests, such as the “scratch-and-sniff” test and the “sip, spit and rinse” test.
Medication
• Several treatments to improve conditions
• No proper medication
Bibliography• Jacob, Tim. “Taste- A Brief Tutorial.” http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosci/staff/jacob/te
aching/sensory/taste.html. Accessed 4/25/04.• Encyclopaedia Encarta. “The Tongue.”
http://www.encarta.com. Accessed 4/23/04.• Anonymous. “The Sense of Taste.
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultrauet/BiologyPages/T/Taste.htm. Accessed 4/22/04.
• Anonymous. “Smell and Taste Disorders.”
http://www.entnet.org/healthinfo/topics/smell_taste.cfm. Accessed 4/19/04.