The Earths Water Budget

TOPIC 1

The Earths Water BudgetThe Earths Water Budget

Earths Water Budget

97 % - water in oceans and seas2.59% - unaccessible groundwater, ice caps, glaciers0.41% - surface freshwater, accessible groundwater, soil moistureWater

Body 70% waterBlood 85% waterBrain 80% waterMuscles 75% waterCells 90% waterThink of what you do with water from morning until nightYou use hot water for your hot drinks

You take a bath and

It refreshes youIn your acquarium,

Your fishes swim in the waterYou use water in taking care of your plants

You think of swimming in a pool nearby

You use water to make an ice so that you can drink a cold water

Water has many usesbecause of itsPhysical and Chemical Properties

Properties of WaterWater has hydrogen bondsWater boils at 100C and freezes at 0C at sea levelWater has a high heat capacityWater is polarWater is transparentThe density of ice is lower than the density of liquid water

Properties of Water

Properties of WaterWater has hydrogen bondsWater boils at 100C and freezes at 0C at sea levelWater has a high heat capacityWater is polarWater is transparentThe density of ice is lower than the density of liquid water

A molecule of water -H2O (2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen-joins millions of other water moleculesthrough intermolecular forces of attractionmade stronger by Hydrogen Bonds1. Water has hydrogen bonds

Properties of water (1/6)2. Water boils at 100C and freezes at 0C at sea level

At sea level (atmospheric pressure 1 atm or 101,325 Pa)-boiling point of water reaches 100CAbout 300m above sea level-boiling point of water is about 99C

Properties of water (2/6)Did you know that

Water is the only substance that couldexist as liquid, solid or gas

Properties of water (2/6) Water boils at 100C and freezes at 0C at sea level

- Water exists as liquid in a wide range of temperature- This is important because we need water in liquid state more than as gas or as solid3. Water has a high heat capacityHeat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g-Cthis means that to raise the temperature of water(1g) by 1C, It needs to absorb 4.184J of energyWater also has high heat of vaporizationwhich means that it would take a lot of energy to make bodies of water dry upProperties of water (3/6)Did you know that

Perspiration is a cooling process.When we perspire, the sweat evaporates and removes a large amount of heat from our body

4. Water is polarHowever, water becomes easily polluted because of this propertyProperties of water (4/6)

Water is called a universal solvent because (1) it is easily dissolved and (2) can dissolve many substancesTable Salt, which is ionic, dissolves in waterTable Sugar, which is polar, also dissolves in water5. Water is transparentWater is clear and allows light to pass through.

Properties of water (5/6)

This property is important for green plants under water which needs the suns energy for photosynthesis. 6. The density of ice is lower than the density of liquid water

Ice floats on liquid because it is lighter.When liquid water solidifies, its density becomes slightly lower than 1g/mL.Properties of water (6/6)

This property keeps fish and other species alive beneath a cold ice surface

The Water CycleTOPIC 2Matter Cycling - one of the reasons why life continues here on earth.Water is the major resource whose cycle seems to be faster than others. Renewable- its supply seems to be easily replenished.Potentially Renewable- it has a possibility or a likelihood of being replenished.Nonrenewable- use it beyond its sustainable yield.Atmospheric moisture renewed in 7 daysWaters in lakes renewed in almost 2 decadesGroundwater takes more than thousand years to be renewed

Rainwater is distributed through:Infiltration process by which water enters the soilPercolation water moves down further into the soil and permeable rocks until it reaches the aquifer or the groundwater storage areasAbsorption - rainwater are absorbed by plants through their roots and distribute this to stems and leaves through capillary action.Runoff water is back to the rivers, lakes, or seas

Prepared by:Krizzelle Jonah Anne BarzagaChelo Antonio CoKristalene Joyce Cruz

Quiz:1. The only substance that could exist as liquid, solid or gas.2-3.Give 2 reason why water is called universal solvent.4. This property is important for green plants under water which needs the suns energy for photosynthesis. 5. The process by which water enters the soil.

Quiz:6. Stage of the water cycle, the transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air, creating clouds and fog.7. Stage of the water cycle in which condensed water vapor that falls to the Earth's surface.8.Stage of the water cycle, the transformation of water from liquid to gas phases9. The density of ice is higher than the density of liquid water.10. Water has many uses because of its Physical and Chemical PropertiesAnswer KeyWatereasily dissolvedcan dissolve many substancesWater is transparentInfiltrationCondensationPrecipitationEvaporationFalseTruePrecipitationCondensed water vapor that falls to the Earth's surface . Most precipitation occurs asrain, but also includes snow,hail,fog drip,graupel, andsleet.[1]Approximately 505,000km3(121,000cumi) of water falls as precipitation each year, 398,000km3(95,000cumi) of it over the oceans.[2]The rain on land contains 107,000km3(26,000cumi) of water per year and a snowing only 1,000km3(240cumi).[3]Canopy interceptionThe precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage, eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground.SnowmeltThe runoff produced by melting snow.RunoffThe variety of ways by which water moves across the land. This includes both surface runoff andchannel runoff. As it flows, the water may seep into the ground, evaporate into the air, become stored in lakes or reservoirs, or be extracted for agricultural or other human uses.InfiltrationThe flow of water from the ground surface into the ground. Once infiltrated, the water becomessoil moistureor groundwater.[4]Subsurface flowThe flow of water underground, in thevadose zoneand aquifers. Subsurface water may return to the surface (e.g. as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans. Water returns to the land surface at lower elevation than where it infiltrated, under the force ofgravityor gravity induced pressures. Groundwater tends to move slowly, and is replenished slowly, so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years.EvaporationThe transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere.[5]The source of energy for evaporation is primarilysolar radiation. Evaporation often implicitly includestranspirationfromplants, though together they are specifically referred to asevapotranspiration. Total annual evapotranspiration amounts to approximately 505,000km3(121,000cumi) of water, 434,000km3(104,000cumi) of which evaporates from the oceans.[2]SublimationThe state change directly from solid water (snow or ice) to water vapor.[6]DepositionThis refers to changing of water vapor directly to ice.AdvectionThe movement of water in solid, liquid, or vapor states through the atmosphere. Without advection, water that evaporated over the oceans could not precipitate over land.[7]CondensationThe transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air, creatingcloudsand fog.[8]TranspirationThe release of water vapor from plants and soil into the air. Water vapor is a gas that cannot be seen.PercolationWater flows horizontally through the soil and rocks under the influence ofgravity