The early history of the Slavonic settlements in Dalmatia ......VI I'KEFACE accentedbytheauthor,thattheSlavsfirstoccupiedthe landsofCroatia,Dalmatia,andSerbia,inthereignof Horaclius,misrepresentsfacts.TheSlavshadbeen

5

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GAYLAMOUNTPAMPHLET WNDE* nPWPRfli IIRRARY - IIP.. BERKE

GAYLAMOUNTPAMPHLET BINDER RPNFRAI IIBRARY U.C. BERN

THE EARLY HISTORY OF THESLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS

IN DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERBIA

GAYLAMOUNTPAMPHLET BINDER RFNFRAI IIRRARY U.C. BERK!

TEXTS FOR STUDENTS. No. 18

GENERAL EDITORS: Caroline A. J. Skeel. D.Lit. ;H. J. White, D.D. ; J. P. Whitney. D.D., D.C.L.

THE EARLY HISTORY OF THESLAVONIC SETTLEMENTSIN DALMATIA, CROATIA, & SERBIA

CONSTANTINE PORPHYROGENNETOSDe Administrando Imperio, Chapters 29-36

EDITED BY

J. B. BURY, F.B.A.Regius Professor of Modern History and Fellow of King's College in the

University of Cambridge

LONDON

SOCIETY FOR PROMOTINGCHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGENEW YORK: THE MACM1U.AN COMPANY

1920

GAYLAMOUNTPAMPHLET BINDER « | R PN FR A | | IRRARY U.C. BERf

PREFACE

We have no contemporary records of the Slavonic settle-ments in the north-west of the Balkan peninsula—Serbia,Croatia, Dalmatia—in the seventh century. The earliestaccount we have is contained in eight chapters of the

treatise known as De Administrando Imperio, which was

compiled by the Emperor Constantine VII. (Porphyro-

gennetos) during the years A.D. 948-952. This account,

occasionally supplemented by incidental notices in

Venetian and Frankish annals, tells us all we know of

the history of those countries for about three centuries.

Some twelve years ago I published a study of the

composition and sources of Constantine's treatise, and

showed that, of the chapters relating to the Serbians and

Croats, cc. 29 and 31-36 were put together in 948-9,

and c. 30 is an insertion of later date—951 or 952.This memoir was translated into Croatian, and since then

a Yugo-Slav scholar, Dr. Manojlovi6, has analyzed the

work in greater detail.

The text of the eight chapters is here printed in full,

with the omission of a digression on events in South

Italy in c. 29, which is not relevant to the subject.

The student will note the confusion of the Slavs with

the Avars in c. 29 ; the confusion of the two Saracen

sieges of Ragusa, and the author's evident ignorance of

the date of the Saracen capture of Bari ; the conflicting

statements in cc. 30 and 31 as to the date of the baptism

of the Croatians. He will observe, too, that the tradition,V

"35G

VI I'KEFACE

accented by the author, that the Slavs first occupied thelands of Croatia, Dalmatia, and Serbia, in the reign of

Horaclius, misrepresents facts. The Slavs had beenalready settling in these lands in the sixth century, and

what occurred in the reign of Heraclius was the recog-nition by the Imperial Government of a, fait accompli.

It may be well to remark that the title of the Governorof the Theme or province of Imperial Dalmatia in theninth century was archon, but in the reign of Leo VI. wefind him raised to the higher rank of stratcgos.

MSS.

B Parisinus 2009 (formerly 2661), twelfth century.P Palatinus 126 (in the Vatican Library), written in

A.d. 1509. See Stevenson, Codd. MSS. Pal.Grace. Bibl. Vat., p. 60.

Parisinus 2957, sixteenth century (worthless).

[On the MSS. see Vari in the Akadcmiai ErUsito of theHungarian Academy, 72, 710-712, December, 1895 ; and

Pecz in JJi/zantinisclis Zeitschrifl, 6, 590; and Bury, op. cit.

infra, 518-19.]

Editions.

J. Meursius, 1611 and 1617 (based on the inferior

MS. P).

A. Banduri (in Imperhm Orientate, vol. i.), 1711 (basedon B).

1. Bckker, 1840 (based on Meursius and lianduri, and a

new collation of B).Mignc, Patrologia Graeco-Latina, vol. cxii., 1884 (tran-

scription of Banduri's text).

1GAYLAMOUNTPAMPHLET «ND« *M | RPNPRAI I IRRARY - II C. BERI

PREFACE vii

Helps.

Lucius, De Regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae, 1666; contains

the Regnum Slavorum of the Presbyter of Doclea(twelfth century).

Thomas, Archdeacon of Spalato (thirteenth century),

Ilistoria Salonitanorum, in Lucius, and in Farlati,

vol. v.

Farlati, Illyricuin Saerwn, 8 vols., 1751-1815.

Safarik, Slawische Alterthilmer (tr. Wuttke), vol. ii.,

1844.

Jirecek, Die Rominen in den Stddten Dalmatiens wiihrendties Mittelalfers, in Denkschriften der k. Akad. der

Wiss., 48 (1902), iii.

Jirecek, Geschichte der Serial, vol. i., 1911.

Jackson, Dalmatia, the Quarnero, and Istria, 3 vols., 1887.

Munro, Anderson, Milne, and Haverfield, On (lie RomanTown of Doclea in Montenegro. Society of Antiquaries,

1896.

Bury, The Treatise ('De Administrando Imperio," in Byzan-

tinische Zeitschrift, 15, 1906. In Croatian, translated

by S. Lochmer, in Vje^nik kr. Hrvatsko-slavonsko-

dalmatinskoga Zemaljskoga Arkiva, Godina X., 1893

(Agram).

Manojlovic, Studije o s^isu " De Administrando Imperio"in Rod, 182, 186, etc., 1910, etc. (Agram); but the

memoir is not complete, and the writer has not yettreated cc. 29-36.

GAYLAMOUNTPAMPHLET MNDEJt Mi^HHHr.t MP RAI I IRRARY - II H RFRK

KE^AAAION K(a)'

Ilfpi rT;c AeXjuanag Kai riZf iv Tij TrapaKtifiBVmv iBvQv.

"On AiokA?/t«cu'os* 6 /3ao~tXevs -rrdvv T?ys x°Vas AeA/i,aTias

)'jf>drr$y], 8ib Kal dwb tt}s 'Pgj/a?/? Aaoy dyayuiy /xeTtx ras

(fxifxikias avT(ov kv Ty avTrj rrjs AeA/mrias X^/ "- TOl'

TO"

KarecrKiji'wu-ev • oi' Kal 'Pwp.dvoi irpoa-yyopevdycrav 8id to airl

'Pwpjs /xeToiKLO-Orjvai, Kal ravrrfv p-'f-XP 1 TT1 S o-y']p.epov rrjv

eTruyvvfXLav IvairofyepovTat. outos ow 6 pacrtAevs AiokA?/-

Tiayos *cat to 'A(T7raAd^ov KatrTpov wKoSo/j^cre, Kai ev ai'T/i,di/oi a7ro 7rdcrxa «^s 7rd(rx

10 EARLY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS

dAA//Aois (Tvi'avrav, Tors pev uiroo~Tpcop.evoiis airb tou

irapapovipov, tovs Se et's tt/v rotavnjv 8ovXetav airtp\o-

(ifVOVS. xal yap ttXtjo'iov Trjs daXdo-o~t])v dVo to? ai'Tou Kacrrpov virap-

yovo-av pLXta Tecraapa • ijns ovtoi e£ijXao~av Kal njv 2aAwi-a to Trpoeipr/pevov

KaaTpov eKpaT?;crav. Kai KaToiK^aai'Tcs eKiio~e cktotc Kara

piKpbv dp£dpevoi TTpatSeveiv toi'S 'Pco/xdrors tovs as tovs

Kauvovs Kai ci's Ta vx^rjXoTepa peprj KaTotKOVJ'Tas -i)dvicrav

,

Kai Toi'S T07rors avruv KaTiKpaTijo-av. oi 5« Aot7roi Pw/xaroi

ciS tu tt}s 7ra/)aAtas KaaTpa 8teo-w6i]0-avyKat pcXP L T0V vvv

KpaTovo~iv aura • aTtva ciVt toSc Kao~Tpa, to Paovctv, to

'Ao-7rdA(t^or, t?> TcTpayyoi'/nv, ty "Ap/3?/, i}

1 —= K-ni =— luklidi. 2 roi't ui'twi' scribcndum uidetur.

.OAVLAMOUMT. _ dd>ov uf ÎN DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERBIA 11

Be\-Aa ko.1 to. "Oxpapa • 5>v Tivav ko.1 ot/o/Topes P-*XP l T0^

vvv ol 'Pa>/xavoi KaAoiWat.

"On aVd tt/s /3acrtAeias 'HpaxXeiov* tov /3ao-tAews

'Pw/zatW, Ka0' oi' p.eXXet Tpoirov frqOijcrecrdat ev TQ tcuv

X/Jw/?aTO)V Kat 2ep/3Aa>v

tiVov. dAAd ot -rrXeioves twv toiovtwv -kXo.[3wv ov8e

efiaTTTiôvTO, dXXd p^XP 1 ôAAoG epevov d/3dVTtcrT0i. e7rt

Se BacriAeiov { rod (piXoxpiwrov /Sao-iAetos a7recrTeiAav diro-

xpuTLaplovs e'£atTOupevot ko.1 irapaKaXovvres avrbv tovs e£

ai?Twv dfiaTTTio-Tovs fiaTTTio-drjvai Kat etVat wore e£ aPXVs

VTTOTcraypevovs Trj /3acnAeta twv 'Pwpatwv • wv Ttvwv etcra-

Kovcras o paKaptos CKeivos Kat doi8ip.o uel talia.

3 ivaTro~v(.vaa

12 EA.RLY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS

TUI's" TiOV TTpOppijQeVTiOl' l$VU)V dfSa7TTlWTOV

BBiHHJGAYLAMOUNT

• uau ct otfcjr\c* SHHHHH1V nrurnti iinnanv IIP OCDl^

IN DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERBIA 13

(8i)XoTTon]crav Bao-tAeioj to3 detpv^crTaj /Sao-tAet Pcupatcov,

AeyovTts avTw ovtws "e'Ao/o-ov fjpds, Kat p.y Ido-rjs aVoAeo-ât

7rapd twv dpvtjTiov tov Xpto-Tov." 6 8e /3ao-tAevs OTrAayxvto--

0ets uVea-TeiAe tov Tro.rpi.Kiov NtKvyTa* Spovyydpiov tov

TrAwtpov, ov to ZttlkXijv '£lopv/o-av. totc

6 2oA8avos KTtcras €Keto"e 7raAaTta KaTtxpaTijo-t 7raerav

AoyovfiapSiav P-^XP 1 Pwimjs err] TeoxrapaKOVTa. o ovv

fiao-i\evs Sid ri)v airlav TavrrfV a.Treo'TtiXe rrpos t« tov

AoSdt>(ov | tov prjya1 4)payytas§ Kat tov 7ra7ra Paip^s, tva

rrvveTrap.vvrjTaL toj irapa. tov /3ao"tA€u>s d7roo-TaAevTt o~TpaT.

ol 8e VTreiâvres rrj tov /âcrtAecos atTvjo'ei, o tc p?i^ Kat o

iraTras, fjXdov dp 7rapa tov /Sao-tAews a7rocrTaA€VTt o"TpaTc3, dpa t

Xpw/3aTw toj Sep/3 A(;j Kat ZaÂoi'pw 2 Kat Tepfiovvuorais Kat

KavaAetVats Kat 'Paovov'ots, p«Ta 7rdvTGJV rav a7ro t^s

AeApaTtas Kao-Tpwv (ovTot ydp 7rdvT€S fiao-iXiKij KeXevaei

7rapijo-av), Kat 7repacrdvT0JV cv Aoyov/3apSta eKadrjcrav 3 to

KacrTpov Bdpewsll Kat aropdrjo-av avro.

'Icrreov 6Vt tov? Xpo/SaTOvs Kat tovs Aot7rovs ^KAapap-

)(OVTas ot tov Kacrrpov 'Paovcrlov otV/yTopes peTa twv tStcov

avTujv napafilwv 8t€7repacrav ev AoyovftapSla. Kat to pev

KacrTpov Bdpews Kat tt)v \wpav Kat tt)v atxpaAaxrtav Tracrav

1 pfjya Meursius, oovica codd.

8 roct; Xpw/3aroic »cai Stp/SXotc


VLVtXaStTO o fiacriXtvs 'Pwyxai'wi/ • tov 8e ^LoXSavbv kcu tovs

Xonrovs Sapam^vovs dveXd/3eTO AoSoi^os 6 p)£ ^payyias,

kul airyyayev aVTOVS eV toI Ko.dTpw KflMTVlK sal ev tw Kacrrpw

BevefievSov.1

"Otl to Kturrpov tov PaOOTiou ou KaAeiTai Paoi'cr^ t»J

Pto/xauui' 6"iaAeKTu>, uAA' eVet aravci) t£>v Kptpxvdv icrraTcu,

AeyeTOU Se Pttf/jawrrt o Kf>ipivo(OS aWoG

GAYLAMOUNT


"On tov 1 'AcnraXdOov Kacnpov, oVfp iraXariov/xiKpbv epfx-qveverat, 6 fiacnXevs AtOKA^Ttavos tovto iKncrev •

et^€ Se auTO ws iStof oikov, Kat auAiyy otKooopryo-as tvSodcv

koI iraXaTia, e£ £>v Ts lva7T£KAei€V dmyvftiSi u7roK£tTat oe Kat «v avT(j> ts AtoKA^Ttavos ctA?//xaTiKas e'yetpat

Kauapas, Kat crKe7rdo-ai to Kaarpov 6'Aoi/, Kat 7rotvyo-at tu

7raAaTta oi'toG Kat 7rdvTa to. otV/ypaTa toii Kaarpov eiravoi

Ttov £tAry/jtuT(ov ineivitiv 8topo(jia Kat Tptdpot^a, Kao-rpov £u-K€7rao-£. tov

16 EARLY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SE1TLEMENTS

SiaAtKTw £a-T(.vwpkvov /cat TTivXi^ypivov, Sioti elo-epxerat VOdXacrcra oxnrep ykuxrcra ecrTcvaipevi] pk\pi T^v BeKaTrevre

KUl 1 (LKOiTl piXlWV, Kal CIS TO T?}s 9aXdo~Cr7)S (TVpTTXiJpit)pd

ecrrc to KacrTpov. ^X£L ^ T0 T0L0^r°v KacrTpov kvkXov avrovopt) v\prjXd, dxTTf p6va> T

vt ovBapws. eV 06 toj ai'iuKacrTpu) Keirai 6 dyios Tpvtpiov aKepaiws irdcrav vd

GAYLAMOUNT

IN DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND B8BBIA 17

KacrTpou rj BefcAa, Kal els erepov vrjcrlov i) "A.pfii\, kui els erepov

irqcriov i) "0\fapa, /cat els erepov vqcriov rb AovpfSpiKarov,

driva KaTOiKOvi'Tai p.e\pt tov vvv • to. Se \ot~d elcrtv dotKi^ra,

e\ovra epijpoKacrrpa, &v ra ovopard elcrtv ovrw, Karavrpe-

Sevo) ITtj^i'X "^KepSd 'AAoMjff "EKipSuKicrva 1 Hvportpa MeAcrd

EoTtovv^f, Kal erepa —dp—oWa wv ra ovo'^aTa ov vooivrat.ra 8e Xoiira Kacrrpa tu ovra els ti)v fyipdv tov diptaros

Kat Kparrjdevra ~apa rwv elpijp.evi»v —KAa/?a>v dotm]Ta Kal

epijpa tcrravrai, p.i]8evbs KarotKovvros ev avrots.

1 ^Kipcd KitTTa, Safarife, recte opinor.


KEftAAAION A'

Au)yt] AeA-

LLa-ia-s Ti)V TrapaXijiI/w fyjTOvcriv, dinus e\ij6i] rrapa twv

"2,K\af3iKU>v eOvwv, evTex-6ev er iKavoi vrfjp\* Be to toiovtov KacrTpov

xecpaXi] -do->]i Ti)i AeApaTias. i)$poi^ovTO ovv dva Trav eros

i.K tCjv Xoitzwv Kacnpwv Tyjs AcApaTt'as crTpaTiwrou e^tmrot,

*ai u-€ttcAAoi'TO drd tt]? SaAwKOS pe\P« TWV \

GAYLAMOUNT•nn a r»w i i r» nr n 1


€l\a.TTOV €IS TOV &0LV0vf3l0V TrOTd/MOV tVtKO. TUf 'AfScipfDV '

01 yap 'A/3dpets tKeldev tov AavovfBiov —ora/xov ras StaTpt/3ds

«—otoiWo, lv#a dpTt'ws €icriv ot TovpKoi, vopdBa fiiov £wvtcs.

d—ep\6pevoi Bi ol AeA/xarias kot' ctos ZfiXeTrov jroAAaKts

tKadeV TOV TT OTC.//.OV TCI T€ KT1/V1/ Kal TOl'S dv^/DU/TTOVS.

(Sogev ovv aurots Kara Ttva xpdrov BiaTrepdo-ai Kal epeviiycrai

rtvcs e«r»v ot €K€icre ti)v StaiTav eôvTes. irepao-avres ovv

cvpov ras yvvatKas rwv 'A/idpwv Kal to —atSta p.6va, tovs

drSpas Se kou n)v aKpd£ovcrai' ijAtKtav ev raêiSf'w. acpvu)

ovv €7T£TT€crdvTes y^paAwTeio-av atVovs, Kat v—io-Tpexpav

aTaAat-wpais, dTroKopurai'Tes rqv TOiavrqv -paldav €ts

3aXuva. a>s ovv v-rko-rp€\iav ol" Afiapes ck tov TaêiBtov Kal

to yevopevov d


:rA'/}0os, ore ojirov —Xtjo-lov iyevovro tou

GAYLAMOUNT


e\oiTti to J' iSiov apxovTa.' VTroKtLvrai 8e "flru* tu peyaAw

prjyl ^payytas rr/s Kal 2a£ta?, Kat dfiaTTTurroi Tvyxdvovcri,

eniforevSepias uctci rovs TovpKovs ko.1 ayaVas tyovrts. aVo

oe Xpuif3dro)i' twv eA^dvTwv eV AeApaTtu. bieyupio-drj /xeyoos

Tt, kui (Kpa.Tt)(T€ to 'I AAi'ptKOV Kat W/i' Ilavvoi'tav. ct'ôv 81

kolI avrol dpypvra avreôvcnoi; 8ia7rep7rdp€i'ov 7rpbs top-

upôi'Ta Xpu>/3aTtas KaTO. (ptkiav. P-*XP L &* XP°VWV TLV^V

vireTu


fiapiv, kgu epx€Tcu p-^XP 1 twv AeKaTepwr, —pbs ra opavd oe

7rAr/cr(a^€t tvJ 2ep/3Aia. u7rb Se rov Ka&Tpov rwv AeKarepwv

ap^erai i) ap\ovTia Tepfiovvias, Kai TrapeKreiverai p^XP 1 T0^

'Paouo-iou, Trpos Se to. dpeivd avTTjS 7rA77Grid£ti Tjj ~ep/3Ai^.

U7rb 8t TOi! 'Paovcrtov apxerai 77 apyovria tujv Za)(Aoi'/xwv

Kai 7rap€KT£U'£Tat p«XP l 70^ OpovTiov vorajiov, Kai 7rpos pel/

tt)v 7rapa^aAa

GAYLAMOUNT


rrjv -I'jTreipov Ipyd^crdai. iKtitXvovTO Be irapa twv XpwfiaTwv'

owroi yap ereXovv cu'tois s

irapexov(Ti T0^ -kA(x/3ois, no crTpaTip/M ravra 7rape(XOi'.

dSwaTcos 8e «x oi'T€S T0^ £5V vpocrrjXdovBacnAti'oj no ioiSiptp

[iacriXei, dj/a8i3a£avTes rd dpi)pkva rdvra. 6 ovv doi'Sipos

€«£U-os /?acriAevs BacriXeios TrpoeTpeiparo trdvTO. to,8i8op€m

tw o-TpaT^yu! SiSocrdat Trap1 avTwv tois -KAapois *ai ctp?;-

rucws £p' /*"' ttvra*'! KC" /fyaX^ Tt SiSocr6\u tw errpartlyoi,

iVa pcW SeiKVtn-ai 7} Trpbs tovs fiacriXels rwv Ta>paiW koi

777)05 tov a-Tparrjybv avTWV VTrorayi] kcu 8ovAco(ris. *ai

eKTore eyevovTO irdvTa rd TOiavTa Kacrrpa vrrofyopa twv

2K-Aa/iwv, Kai reAovo-tv ovutois TraKTa, to ptv Kcurrpov t)

'AcnrdXados vop.icrp.aTa cr', to Kacrrpov to TeTpayyoi'piv

vopio-p-ara p', to Kav els dpOT£pas Tas X^Pas» KC" T£^°" 1 ^P05 M* 1 '

toi' apxovTa twv ZaxAox'pcov vopicrpara As', 7rpbs 8c tw

up\orra Tfp/3oi'vids vopicrpaTa As'.

24 EARLY HISTORY CF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS

KEAAAIOX AA'

Tltpi Tuiv S.p oSdrwi', t I 5fi vvi oik Cm \(l)paQ.

On oJ Xpcu/Jarot ol el$ ra AeA/xuruxs vvv KaroiKOVvres/x€/n/ a;ro rwv dfia—TLCTTiDV Xpioftdriov ron- Kai l axnrp&v

C7rovo/xa£b/xertov Karayoi'rau, or-n-es Tovpulas /xei' e/vei^ci'

^/jayyt'as 8e TrXrjaiov KaroiKOvcri, /cat crvvopovcn -Kkdfiois

to's dfia—-t(TTOis 2ep/3Aois. To Se X/>to/3aroi ry twc

SkAo/Jo)]' 8taA«KTW kpfJ.ip'€V£Tai, TOl

GAYLAMOUNT

IX DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERBIA 2o

Kal irpecrfivrtpovi tcai otaKorovs, tovs Xpw/3aT0us e/KMrTW€i»•

ttvov Be tu Tore Katpcu ol toiovtoi Xow/?aTOi dpxovTa T«1'

EEopya.

"Oti i) TOtavnj X^Pa €l'* 9V °' Xpw/3aT0i KaT€o-K?p/w#//crav

t£ dpx>jS ito TTJV e£©OT*av i]v tou /3ao-iAews twv 'PtupatW,

e;- ov K-at TraActTia kou t-770Gpdpta tov f3acri\i(os AiokAtj-

Tiai'oi" ev r§ rwv ai'rwv Xpw/JaVwv X°W M^XP 1 T^s VL'V

7T€/5to-(.^ovrat ei's to K-ao-Tpoi' SaAwvas, TrXt)0~iov tov Kacrrpov

' Xo-rraXddov.

"Oti ovtol ol /3a-rtcr/i.€VOt Xpojfidroi e£w0ev ttjs uSias

avnuv X^Pa


crayT/vai nZv tolovtojv Xpw/jdru>j' ovre al KOVTOvpai. ovdeTrore

Kara Ttvos —pos -oXepov a—epxoi'Tai, €>i M "Pa Tts KaTai'TWl' tTTeXdoi. 77A>)v 010. TUV T010VTWV —XoilDV d~€pXOVTai

01 (3ovX6pevoi rwv XpwSdrwv 8totK€iv epTropta, d~b udo-rpov

els ndcnpov —epiepxdpevoi ttjv re Tlayaviuv ko.1 tov koXttov

tv/s AeAuaTias KO« peXP L Bevercas.

"Otj 6 apxtav XpwfSarias e£ aPX''') s ) V'/ovv c'~° r 'l^ fia0~'--

Aeias 'HpaKAetoi' to? [SaaLXews, oovXlkuJs ecrrti' vffOTeray-

ftfi-os tw (3ao-iXei 'PcopouW, kcu oi'SeVoTC tu ap\oirt

BovAyapi'a? Ka^i'-eray?;. aAA' oi'Se Boi'Ayapos u-v}A0€

Tr/aos 7ToAe/xov Kara, twv Xpa>/3aran', e! /it) Mtxa^/A o ap\ w,/

BouAyapias, 6 Bopuicr?/;, 1 * d-eXOwv Kal ~oXepr]rra/3aTia exfidXXei KafiaXXapiKOV etos

twv £' uu, ~e£uv i .

"Oti ttjv roAAip' Tavrrjv Svvapiv Ka! to to? Aaoi^ rrXqOos

elxev t) Xpw/?aTi'a peXP 1 T0^ «PX0VT0S Kpacrripcp)), Kaxeivov

pev reXevTijo-avTOS, tov Be vlov avTOv ^lipoo-6Xdf3ov up£aiTos

err) reo-aapa ko.1 V7rb tov Upif3ovvia fioedvov dvaipeOevTOS,

Kal 8txo»'0'wv K'at ttoAAwi' Sixoo-rao-uZv eh Tqv \iopav yevo-

uevcav, 7yAaTTWTat Kat to xapaXXapiKov Kal to re^ucov iij Xpu>,3n7i'a codd., correxi.

* Boris (baptismal name, Michael), King of Bulgaria ad. 852-888.

bbshhvGAYLAMOUNT


at crayTjvai /cat at KOvSovpai rrjs e^oi'trias TWV XpwpuTOJv.

aprius 8e lx€6 o-ayijvas A', /covSovpas1 peyaAas /cat pt/cpds,

»cai KafSaWapiKov /cat —e£t/cdv.

"O-rt 7} p.eya.ki] Xpwf3arla 1) /cat2 acnrp-q e-ovopa^opevrj

doaTr-rtcrTOS rvyxaV" P-*XP L T^ s o-^pepov, kclOws /cat 01

irA?70-

28 EAELY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS

KE3>AAAIOX AB'

ri€(oi riov 'HZepflkuv kcii 7/q vw oIkovgi x/?ana 7} dftd-ncrros t) ko.1 dcnrprj -poarayopev-

Ofievr] • eK€io-€ ow kcu oSrot 01 ~ep/3\oi to a—' apx^S KaTu>-

koi^. 6\'o 81 dSeX^wv tt)i' dp\i]v tt}s -epfSXias €K tou

irarpbs 8ia8e^ap.evwv, 6 eh avrwv to tov Aaor dvaAa3o'p€ios

r^picri' et9 'HpaK-Aetoi' tov /3acriAea 'PwpatW Trpoo-ecpvyev, ov

kcu —pocr8e£dpevos o CWTOS 'Hpa/cAetos /3acriAer$ 7rapecrY£

tottov a's K-aracrK?}va>crtv ev tgj depart Geo-craAovtKTis ra ^.ep-

/3Ata, a Ik-tote T?p' TOiav-r/v -pocrjjyopt'av rapti A?/c/)e. 1epf3\oi

8e tq tu)v 'PwpatW StaAeKxw Soi/Aot 77poo-ay opevoi'Tat ofov

xai crepftovXa 1) koivi] crvvijdeia to. Soi'Aikws1

GAYLAMOUNT

IN PALMATIA CROATIA, AND SE1 29

fyevovro &e at -OLavrat "ôjpat €prjp.ai —apd tojv 'A/3dpu)V

{d~b tojv eJCCMTC yap 'PojuaVoi/s tovs itv AcA/xartdi' Kai to

Avppdîov oiKOvvTas dV/yAacrav), Kai 1 KarecrK/yi ojo"£v o

fiacriXex-s rois avrovs —ep(3\ovs Iv rats TOiaiTat? âjpats.

kcu Tycrav x«p fiacriXei 'Pwaatojv iTTOTacrcrduerot ' ovs o

âcriAcis —pccr-SiVas 2 d~o 'Pwuxys dyaywv cftd-ncre, kcu

0t8a£as avrovs tci r?ys evcrefieias reXtlv KaAoJs ai'Tois ruiv Xpio"Ttttiojr 3 tt'kttiv k^kdero.

'F.—el 6e v) Boi'Ayapt'a xVo rrjv t.£ovo~lav tjv run- 'PcouatW,

aiTOV ovv 4 apxo,/T05 "ov -epfiXov rov eh rl>v

fiatriXea —pocr


eVt tovtwv Trapeyevero 6 ttJs BovAyapt'as ap^wv Mtâ7;A. o

Bopis tt)s 'Pdo-r/s. Kat iVep rijs

TOtavn/9 x*/)tT°5 SeSuiKev avrots MiXa')A 6 Boptcn/s Stuped?

peydAas ' Kat eKetvot dvTedViKav aiVw \d.piv £eiuuv \lv\dpia

8vo, (paXxtoi'Lo. 8vo, o-Kvkia 8vo Kat yoi'vas evvenyKOvra 07rep

Aeyovcriv oi BorAyapot etVat —a/crov.

Meru ptKpbv 8e eyevovro kolt' dAAi/Awv oi rpefs dêAcôj

oi apxovT€S 2ep/3Atas ' Kat yevopevos cttikparecrrepos 6 e?s

avrwv 6 Movvrtpippos, ko.1 dzkiov povos tt)v

GAYLAMOUNT

IX DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERBIA 31

pevos TleTpos d vlos tov Yoivikov Situ/cei d~o tvJs dp^s tove£d8eX(f>ov avTOv TlpifiecrdXafiov perd twv Svo d8eX)v dp\r]v 8iaSe\eTai. ' iiceiyoi 8e ; k', dpgas e~l ty)s fiacriXe'ias AeovTOS*

tov paKaptwrdrov Kal dyiov fiao-iXeuiS, e\(av iVoTayj)v /cat

SovAoxriv 7rpds avTOV. elpijvevcre 8e Kal pera Svueiav f tov

dpôvTOS BovAyaptas, octte 1 ko! avvTe/cvov avYov eTToli-jcre.

MeTa Se tov /catpdv ov avTos 6 /cvpts Aewv eftacriXeiKre,7rapcy€ieTo o totc ei? to Avppa^tov cttparitywv, 6 —pcuTO-

cnraddpios AectfV 6 'Pa/^Sovô?, d peTa tovto pdyicrrpos Tipt]-

êw /cat XoyodeT7js tov 8popov, els Ilayaviav ti)v totc —apd

tov dpôvTO? ^LepfiXias SiaKparovpevrjv, Trpos to fBovXev-

Oijvai Kal crvvTVêu' tw aiVw dpyovn Uerpco Trepi twos

SovAoxrews Kai vTroOecreojs. fyjXoTiTnjcras 8e Trpos tovto

Mt\a7)A 6 dp^wv twv ZaÂoi'pojv epi^vvcre 2vpeu,v tw BovA-

ydpwv dpxovTt oti d fiacriXevs 'Pw/zaiW

I32 EARLY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS

Kai apôvToVovAov IlavAov tov tibv Bpdvov, ov 6 Ile-pos 6

ap\(av -epftktas tTV\u>6X ovv Z—eX06vT€S ot BovA-

yapoi ttpos tov dp\0VTa Zep/Ât'as, Kai o-WT€KVt'av p.€T ai tov

TroirjO~dp.zvoi Kai opKip /JeSaitocrai-re? /xi) —a#etv ti Trap' avriov

evavrtoVi r/~drrjcrav avrov egeAfotv —pos avTOi's, ov Kal

irapavTu. Sea-p'ô-avTes cicrryyayov ev BovAyapia, Keu a~o-

dvijo-nei ev (pvXaKrj. eicrqXde 6e dvr' avrou IlavAos o vibs

Bpdvov, /cat iKp6.rrj(ji.v eV?/ Tpt'a.

'0 Se /3acriAevs 6 Kvpts 'Pcopavbs* e^wv dp\oi'To—ovAov ev

ttj —oAei Zaâptav tov vibv Upifieo-dXdfiov tov ap\- oitos

2cp/3Aias «~eo-T€iAe —pos to yeves aTrooTaAe'vTa, Kai

Stomas tov LTavAov eKparrprev aiVbs W)v dpx^v rwv ~e'p/3Aa>v

oo-rts TrapavTa twv evepyecriwv tov /iacrtAews 'PiopatW

(7rtfjLvqo~6els eyeveTO kotoi twv Boi'Aydpwr, p?;o' uAws #eA?yo-as

u7T0Tay vyvat ai'rois, JAA' iVb tov /S'ao-tAews pdAAov 'Pwpatwv

8eo-7rd£ecr#ai. ware koi tov Zvpeuv oo"0"aTOV xai avrou

a7roo"T€t'AavTOS 8td tov Mappa^p Kai tov "Eiypir^rj Oeooiupov,

wv Kal Tas K€a\d

IGAYLAMOUNT


TrapaXa(3dv ap^ovra tov T'(dadXafiov , Kai oY opuov tovtovs

uTraTijo-avTes Kal a-

Tiav fxtTa tov 'AXoyoftoTovp tov TToAepycrai, Kai tcr(pdyi]0-av

irdvTes £K€icr€ —apd rail' Xptoparcov.

MeTa 8« xpoi'ous £7TTa u7ro Tv, vttio~xvov-

pevos SovXeveiv Kal iVeiKttv tq 7rpoo-Td£et avrov KaOios Kai.

ol irpb avTOV dpxovTes. Kai cktotc ov SteAnrev o (Sao-iXevs

'Pwpatwv ci'cpycTwv av'Tov, ioo-Te Kal < 01 > l eis XptopaTtav

Kai Boi'Ayaptav Kat ev Tats Xonrah X^PaLS 8idyovT€S

-£p/?Aoi, otjs 6 Svpewv Steo-Kop7rto-e, touto ciKOiVavTes

o-iwjx^yo-av eis avrov. dAAa Kat ev Ty 7roAei iroAAot citto

BovXyaplas cpvyovTes eicrjjkOov ' ovs Kal evo\'cras Kat evepye-

TyVas 6 /?ao-tAei'S tow 'PwpuiW cureo-TeiAe 7rpos tov T£eeo-0-

Xafiov. Kal dirb twv itXovctiidv Scopewv toG /^ao-iAews twv

'Pwpatcov cri'0-T?;crdpei'OS Kat a'oiK?jo-as Tyv x (JPav ws T0

7rpdTepov eWtv v7roT£Tayp€VOS 8ovAo7rp£7rws tw pao-tAet

'Pcupatwv, Kat 8td ttjS tov (3ao-tXeoi o-w8popi}s Kat to>v

toAAojv ai'TO? evepyeo-iwv TTJV T0tavT7/v )((.opav o-i'O-Tijo-as Kat

ap^wv £v ai?Ty fiefiannOiii.

"Otl 6 dpxwi' 2ep/3Atas «'^ apx*}?, 7/yow (xtto tt]s fiao-iXdas

HpaKAetov to? /3ao-tAeojs, SouAtKtus eWtv v7TOT€Taypa'os tu

i -=oi=»- quod Bekker coni. addidi.


Pw/icuW /JacriAti, teal ai3Se7TOT€ tco 6.p\0VTi. BovXyapias

KaOvirerdyT].

"On iv ri] BaiTTur/ievn 2e/}/3Aia eitrt Kacrrpa oiKovpeva

to &eo~TiviKOV, TO T fcpvafSovo-Kcij , to MeyupeTous, to Ape

GAYLAMOUNT


KE^AAAION Ar'

rif/)l tmv Z«\\o(7

3G EARLY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS

KE3>AAAION AA'

Ilepi rail' TepfiovvictTwv icai tCjv KavaXirwv (cai ijg vvv oUoven

"Ot* rj Ttov TcpfiovvtaTwv kol tw KayaAtTtoy X^Pa /xtaVTvdp\e.L. oltto 8e rwv df3aTrTi ^cp/3Acoy ot eK€to-e Kara-

yovrat, ot t£ ckcivov tou dpxoVT°5 oikoih'tcs toG ei's tov

ySao-tAea 'HpaK-Aetoy irpocr^vyovTos dwo tv/s dftaTrricrTOv

SepjSAtas /^X/3 ' T0^ "PX0VT0S 2cp/3Aia? tov BAao-T>/p£pov.

oStos otjv 6 dpx«Jy BAao-n/pepos t$ tSia Bvyarpi SeoWey

dySpa Kpatyay Toy viov BeAd?/ to£ fowdvotf Tep/3ovytas.

#eAwy ovtos Toy totoy yapfipov 8o^dcrai tivopacrey airroy

dpxovTa ) 7rotryo-as ai-Tov avTcgovcrtov. e£ Ixetvow 8e o

"»PaAipep?/s €y€Vi///0?/, Kat d-r' l#C€M/OTJ 6 TfovT£?/p£p?;s. ^o"av

8e ot ttJs Tepfiovvtas apxovrei del wo tov Aoyov to?dpxoi'TOS 2ep/3Atas. TepfSovvia 81 TQ tSv 2KAd/?wv 8ia-

Ackto) epprjveverat mtxv/qos twos ' Jj ydp TotaiV?; x^Pa

dyypu>p.(iTa e\€t 7roAAa.

"Oti IotI Kat €Ttpai x^/301 ™ro Ta*rrrlv TV V X^Pav Tep-

Povvias, KavaAi) 7rpocrayopevop6vr;. to Se Kai-aAi) epp?;-

veveTat t?/ TWV SkXojScov StaAeKTy dpa£td, eVeioS) Sid to

E?vai Toy Twoy eViVcSov irdo-as ai'Twy tus 6ovAcio9 Sta

dpa£wy eKTe\ov(riv.

"Oti ey tw Xw/° t(i Tep/3owtas Kat tou KavaAr)aVt Kacrrpa

otKOi'peya 1} Tep/Sowta, to "Oppos, Ta 'PiVeya, to AovKafttre,

to ZerX'/'ifSr].

1 tr£pa x'^P'a codd. corr. Meursius.

GAYLAMOUNT


KE^AAAION AE'

Flepi twv AioK\iiTtin'io)', xal »)f vvv olicovm xiapag.

Oti t) AtoicAjias yiopa «al avrq irporepov irapo. twi' Vmjimvmv

eKpaTtiTO, oi"j a7ro 'P«jp7is ftertpKUT€V o /iao-iAci's AioKA?/Tia-

vos, Ko.dws kcu €ts tt)v 7repi Tali' Xpw/3aT(oi' 'urTopiav etprjrai •

wrb 8e rbv fia(Ti\za 'Pupat'oii' virr/p^e, Tvapa Oe Tojy 'Af3o.pwv

KaX avrrj rj X 'Pa a^XPia ^- (0Ti(r^€ ^(ra ^/37//XWTat » KCU TTftAti/ €7rt

'HpaxAeiov to? j3a

iMH^ihe


KE3>AAAION Av aurwi' 'PwpiiW 'Apev-dvoi

KaXovvrai. "Ort ev Ilayavia: euxi Kacrrpa oiKovpeva to

Moxpov, to BepovAAta, to "Oo-t/dcok Kal t) A.a3iv€-£a. Kpa-

tovcti, 8e Kal Taurus Tas vijaoi's. i"//o"os ptydXrj rj KovpKpa

rjroi to Kjkc/j, ev y eo~rt /cal Kdv-pov. vi]0~os eTepa ptydXrj

ra MeAera ^toi to MaAo^eaVai, t)v Iv Tais 7rpd£tcri twv

'AttocttoAwv 6 ayios AovKas nkp.vi]Tai, MeA/nfV ravrtyV

7rpocrayop€vo)v • (v y Kal €\ ts T°v Gyiov PlavAov a7ro tov

5aKTi'Aov 7Tpoo~rj\paTO, r/v Kal tw 7rvpl 6 ayios LTavAos

KaT((f>Xe£e. vrjcros krkpa /ityaAy to tydpa. j'ycros erepa

pcydXi) 6 Bparfys. euri 8e Kal erepai vrjcrot at ay Kparov-

/itvai —apd Twi' ai'-dii' LTayaiwi', ryo-os ra Xdapa, vto"Os"I>/s,

vyo-os to Ado-To/3ov.

GAYLAMOUNT

IN DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERIUA 39

THE SUCCESSION OF SERBIAN KINGS

IN NINTH AND TENTH CENTURIES

Vyseslav \

Kadoslav J-c. early ninth century.

Upocnjyorjs)

Vlastimir, c. between 840 and 880.

Mutimir, Stoimir, and Goinik (sons of Vlastimir).

Mutiniir (alone).

Prvoslav (son of Mutimir), reigns one year, c. 891-2.

Peter (son of Goinik), c. 892 to c. 918.

Paul (grandson of Mutimir), c. 918 to c 924.

Zacharias (son of Prvoslav), c. 924-5.

Interregnum.

Caslav (grandson of Stoimir), c. 932 (apparently still

reigning in 949).

GAYLAMOUNT,

GLOSSARY

I. GRAECITAS.

M.G. = Modern Greek ; SI. = Slavonic.

d-yyovpiov, cucumber; M.G. dyyovpi.

aXXdyi-ov, relief division (for garrison).

dv6vrraTos Kal iraTpiKios, Proconsul and Patrician ; Byzantine

titular dignity, higher than simple PatriciaD, and next to

Magi-tros.

diroKpicridpios, aiiiba-ssador.

dpp.aTO (plur.) = Lat. arma.dp\ovTOTrov\os, son of a noble, prince.

denrpos (M.G.), white.

PacriXiKos, Imperial officer or messenger.

Ptio-oXov, brick, from (IcUerculus) bessalis, a tile of eight inches

long.

fBoedvos, ban, SI. title.

PoXids ( = P

'

42 GLOSSARY

€K, ({;, Of.

Ik^clWu, produce, put in the field.

iv (Kdo-rpov), a certain (fortress) ; cp. M.G. iivas, aid, £va, used in

this sense.

^V = €ts.

£owdvos, Zvpan, SI. title.

£ovrravia, lupa, SI. administrative district.

•f)TOV=TJV.

6e'p.a, Tlicmc (Imperial province).

KaXoKcUpiov, summer ; M.G. KaXoKcupi.KaTaXap-Pavw, arrive.

Ke^aXrjv, tls, eastwards.

KXtio-oiipa (clausura), mountain j>"ss, fort in such a pass.

KovTovpa, kind of ship (hence gondola).

koo-(iitt]S (koct(xt|tt]s), entablat'tire.

Ko\\da. = KO\\La$, spiral staircase.Kvpis (genitive Kvpou) — Kiipios, used of the Emperor.

Xav, supposed by the author to be a Latin word = cliff.Xoyo0€tt]s tov Spouov, Logothctc of the Course (whose functions were

partly those of a Minister of Foreign Affairs).

p-d-yio-Tpos, high titular dignity in the Empire in the ninth and

tenth centuries.

p.€Td, with accusative, with.

|AT| = OV.

v(5|ii

GAYLAMOUNT,

GLOSSARY 43

o-aYVni particular kind of ship.

aXK(ivtov, falcon.

4>Xd|xov\ov (fi'i.mmeolum), banntr.

4>oaordTOV (fossalui/i), camp, army.»

^tXdv8iov, barge.

\}/vx,dpiov, slave.

II. GEOGRAPHICAL.

Latin equivalents are enclosed in parentheses. Where two modern

names are given, the first is the Italian, the second the

Slavonic.

isl. = island; r. = river; 81. -Slavonic.

AfJapoi., "Apdpeis, Avars.

'AXpovvov Kdorpov, Alboua=Labin (in Istria).

'AXu>r,ir, isl. Ulbo = 01ib.'AvTipdpi-s, Antivari.

ApPti, isl. Arbe = Kah (Arba).Apevro, r. Narenta=NeretYa (Xaro).

'Ao-irdXa0os, T| (in cap. 30), and 'A

44 GLOSSARY

B^kXci, Ul. Veglia=Krk.

BeXCT^tiv, perhaps Bjelina, in plain of Bukovica.

BeXovpaSov: (1) Zara Vecchia= Biograd ; (2) Belgrade (Singi-

dunum). SI. name = ivhite toivn.BtX-oxpupdroi., White Croatians (SI. bid, white). The inhabitants

of Bohemia and Moravia are probably meant.

BtvePtvSdv, Benevento (mentioned as if the author took it for a

maritime town, but perhaps it means generally South Italy,

the Duchy of Benevento).BtpovXXia, Viulja, on Dalmatian coast, between Makarska and

Almissa.

B£o-Xa, r. Vistula (Polish, Wisla).

Bona, supposed to mean Boio-heim, Bohemia.

Bdva: (1) r. Buna (from bun, chalk), a tributary of the Narenta

;

(2) fortress.

BoVwva, Bosnia, name derived from r. Bosna (Basanius).

Bovropa, Budua (Butua).Bpar^T], isl. Brazza = Brac.Bp€pt'pa, Bribir, between r. Krka and Lake Karin.

raXovp-a^viK, unknown.

rpaScTai, perhaps Gradit', near Scodra.

rovT^Tja-Kd, Gazko, near town of Ototska (Saf.).

AaX^v, Dlmeno, pronounce Durano (Dalminium), in Herzegovina.

AeKdiTtpa, Cattaro = Kotor.AeXfiaT^as, 6 koXttos ttjs, Hadriatic.

A«ctvt|k, unknown.

A€KX€ia, AidKXi]a, Doclea (SI. Duklja), in Montenegro (near the

modern Podgorica), reputed, but probably wrongly, to have

been Diocletian's birthplace.

AiokXticis, t] \"Pa> Dioclia (land of the SI. AioKXirriavoC), in later

times called Zeta.

Ait^ktj, r. Vistula.

AoPpkt-kCk, Dabar, south-east of Ljubin.

Aoo-TiviKa = Aea-TiviKOv,A00"TlVtKa = A€

GAYLAMOUNT

GLOSSARY 45

ZaxXoufta, r. perhaps identical with B6va, q.v.

ZaxXov(xoi, Slavonic tribe, whose name the author derives from

SI. za, behind, and klflm (Croat, hum),' hill. Their land was

called Hum or Zahlmije (Chulmia, terra de Cholmo) in theMiddle Ages.

ZtvTiva, r. Cettina.

Z«t\t|Pii, unknown.

"H|JW)Ta, Imota, Imotski.

"Iil, isl. Lissa = Vis.'Ioa-\-f\, Oslje, in Herzegovina (oaf.).

KavoXf|, SI. Konavli, district near aqueduct of Epidaurum (not

derived, as author thought, from SI. kolnitsa = &|ia£t.d, but fromLat. canalis, aqueduct).

Kdrtpa, Kotorsko, in valley of the Bosna.

KaTavTpcptvw, Uljan ? (Farlati).

KCcr

46 GLOSSARY

M^Xcto., tc£, or MaXvJtaTt, isl. Meleda = Mljet (Melita).Mtktrd, isl. Melada.

MiXira, isl. Malta (Melita).

Mokpktk(k, unknown.MoKpov, Makarska.

NCva (perhaps = Niv£a, in Strabo VII., 5, 5), Nina, on r. Crmanja.Ndva, Nona (Aenona).NovYpdSt (i.e., new town, op. Novgorod), perhaps Gradac, in

Montenegro (Saf.).

"Oppos, Urmo (Saf.).'Opovrios^ Apivra, q.v.

Ocrrpto'Y (i.e., island), Zaostrog, south of Makarska.

0«|/apa, Tct, isl. Ossero = Osor.

LTa-vavoC, Slavonic tribe, so called by the Italian Dalmatians. The

word is of course Latin, paganus, not, as Constantine thought,

Slavonic.

LTaT^ivaKiTai, Patzinaks or Pechenegs, a Hunnio people who, driving

the Magyars before them, had occupied the regions west of the

Dnieper towards the end of the ninth century.

LlapaOaXacrcria, Maritima, SI. Primorje, coastland of district of

Dioclea.

Hso-Ivto., perhaps the district south of Jajze.

LTi^x, isl. Sale.

IKravpa, Epidaurum.

nXt'Pa, r. Pliva in Bosnia.

LTp&rGXaPov (elsewhere called IIepCcr6XaPa, np(o-8XaPa), Great

Preslav, near Cliatalar, in Bulgaria.

LTup^Tipa, isl. unknown.

'PaoOeriv, Ragasa= l)ubrovnik.'Pdo-t], Ras, frontier fortress of Serbia, on r. Raska in Novipazar.'PacrrwT^a, soutli of Makarska, near Vrgorao.

'PCo-fva. RisHiio (Rhizon, Riziniuni).

'Pu)p,a£wv, T| SidXcKTos twv, Latin (not Greek, as Romaic meant inlater times).

'Puudvoi, Latin-speaking population of Dalmatia, to be distin-

guished from 'Pwpaioi, Imperial snbjects, Greeks.

'Pujcrcra, Porto Pose, at entrance of Gulf of Cattaro.

GAYLAMOUNT

GLOSSARY 47

2a\T|V€s, to* (Salinae), salt springs at Tuzla, in Bosuia.

SaXwva, f| (gen. ZaXwvos ; ace. ZaXcSvav, 2aXa>va), Salona = Solin(Salonae).

2a|(a (elsewhere 2ai;a>vCa.), Duel)}' of Saxony, apparently extended

to mean Francia, Germany.2t\p

*

wmmmm mmKBmn

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The early history of the Slavonic settlements in Dalmatia ......VI I'KEFACE accentedbytheauthor,thattheSlavsfirstoccupiedthe landsofCroatia,Dalmatia,andSerbia,inthereignof Horaclius,misrepresentsfacts.TheSlavshadbeen