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Tianshu Bi
North China Electric Power University
The dynamic behavior of PMU and the latest development in China
Celebrating the Visions of Synchrophasor Pioneers: A technical symposium in honor of Arun Phadke and
Jim Thorp，Washington DC，May 8 & 9, 2013
Outline
The Development of PMU and WAMS in China
The PMU Standard and Performance Test
Time with Prof. A. Phadke and Prof. J. Thorp
3
西藏电网
North
China
Central
China
East
China
North
East
China
South
China
(CSG)
North
West
China
Installed Capacity and Peak Load
93GW/43GW
Installed Capacity and Peak Load
94GW/48GW
Installed Capacity and Peak Load
193GW/125GW
Installed Capacity and Peak Load
220GW/162GW
Installed Capacity and Peak Load
199GW/176GW
Tibet
Installed Capacity in China 1056GW
PMU performance is crucial for dynamic security control
GPS has been introduced to Chinese power grid since 1993.
Synchronized Phasor Measurement Techniques have
attracted increasingly interests since the middle of 1990s.
CEPRI attempts to introduce ADX3000 from Taiwan to China
during 1996-1998.
Since 2002, Chinese manufacturers have their own PMUs
with intellectual properties, some of them have begun to
expand to oversea markets.
The history of PMUs in China
Two types of PMUs in China
Dispatch center
PMUs for substations
PMUs for generations
Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd；
China Electric Power Research Institute；
NARI Technology Development Co., Ltd；
NARI-Relay Electric Co., Ltd.
GPS GPS
Slot added sensor
2002 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
WAMS was put into operation
in NPDCC
Dynamic model parameter was
identificated during Large Disturbance Test
Serious contingency events in Central
China was recorded by WAMS
WAMS is integrated as a part of SG-OSS
PMU was used for Low-frequency
oscillations analysis
PMU data was tried to improve State Estimation
WAMS is deployed in every Regional
and Provincial Power Grid
Application History of WAMS/PMU in China
Copyright of Dr. Yaozhong Xin, SG Dispatching Centere
2003
2003
2002
2004
2005
2010
2005 2006
2006
2007
2009
2006
2011
2007
2010
2009
PMUs cover all the 500kV substations, 100MW and above generators, and some important 220kV substations.
PMU
2006
2006 2007
2010
2004
2007
2012
2007
2007
About 2500 PMUs
PMU comissioned in China
Low-frequency oscillation
identification and control
Real-time dynamic status
monitoring and alarm
processing
Wide area protection
against cascading trips
State estimation with
PMU measurements
Model validation and
parameter identification
PMU dynamic behavior ,
testing and calibration
PMU
PMU Applications in China
Outline
The Development of PMU and WAMS in China
The PMU Standard and Performance Test
Time with Prof. A. Phadke and Prof. J. Thorp
In 2003, ‘Technology Guidance of Power System Real Time Dynamic Monitoring System’ was released for the first time
In 2005, ‘Technology Guidance of Power System Real Time Dynamic Monitoring System’ was revised
For the first time, the definition of the phasor, the functions of substation and main station, the accuracy of phasor were required.
The 2003 standard was revised, the PMU measurement performances and the
data transformation format were specified in details.
In 2011, ‘Test Specification for Synchrophasor Measurement Unit for Power System’ was released.
PMU standards in China
The PMU measurement accuracy under magnitude and frequency modulation,
and step change were specified in details.
PMU static performance test results
Frequency Scan Test
45 50 550
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2正序电压幅值误差统计
频率 (Hz)正序电压幅值误差平均值
(%)
45 50 550
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8正序电压相角误差统计
频率 (Hz)
正序电压相角误差平均值
(°)
PMU1
PMU2
PMU3
PMU4
PMU1
PMU2
PMU3
PMU4
Vo
ltag
e M
agn
itu
de
Erro
r(%
)V
olt
age
Ph
ase
angl
e Er
ror(
°)
Frequency(Hz)
Frequency(Hz)
0.2%
0.2°
0.5°
PMU dynamic performance test results
0 1 2 3 4 50
1
2
3正序电压幅值误差统计
调制频率 (Hz)正序电压幅值误差平均值
(%)
0 1 2 3 4 50
1000
2000
3000正序电压幅值误差分布
正序电压幅值误差 (%)
频数
PMU1
PMU2
PMU3
PMU4
PMU1
PMU2
PMU3
PMU4
Vo
ltag
e M
agn
itu
de
Erro
r(%
)
Nu
mb
er
Modulation Frequency(Hz)
Voltage Magnitude Error(%)
0.2%
Magnitude Modulation Test
0 0.5 1 1.5 20
0.1
0.2The means of frequency errors
Modulation frequency(Hz)
Err
ors
me
ans(H
z)
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.20
1000
2000
3000The frequency errors distribution
The frequency errors(Hz)
Num
bers
PMU1
PMU2
PMU3
PMU4
PMU1
PMU2
PMU3
PMU4
PMU dynamic performance test results
Frequency Modulation Test
0.002Hz
Step Test
Response time PMU1 PMU2 PMU3 PMU4
The magnitude step (ms) 20 20 20 25
The phase angle step (ms) Infinite 30 40 240
The frequency step (ms) 120 30 30 70
PMU dynamic performance test results
Ramp of Frequency Test
45 50 550
5
10The means of ROCOF errors
Modulation frequency(Hz)
Err
ors
me
ans(H
z/s
)
0 2 4 6 80
500
1000The ROCOF error distribution
The ROCOF errors(Hz/s)
Num
bers
PMU1
PMU2
PMU3
PMU4
PMU1
PMU2
PMU3
PMU4
PMU dynamic performance test results
0.1Hz/s
PMU performance test results
According the algorithm analysis and PMU performance evaluation, the Chinese PMU standards are under revision.
Cooperated with the State Grid Corporation of China, the formal PMU test of all PMUs from Chinese manufactures will be implemented in June or July, which would promote the development of the PMU test technology.
Outline
The Development of PMU and WAMS in China
The PMU Standard and Performance Test
Time with Prof. A. Phadke and Prof. J. Thorp
CRIS Events (2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010)
“111” project
Three workshops on PMU and its applications
Letters from Prof. Qixun Yang
Warmest and most sincere congratulations on your careers with remarkable contributions to the
power industry, not only for US, but also for China.
