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Bernard of Clairvaux & the Second Crusade The First Crusade was moderately successful Historians believe this was due to infighting among Sunni and Shiite Muslims Latin states were established in Antioch, Edessa, and Jerusalem Muslims & Jews slaughtered Native Christians kicked out In 1145, Edessa is recaptured by Muslims A call for a new crusade goes out No popular enthusiasm for a second crusade Pope Eugene commissions a monk, Bernard of Clairvaux, to preach the Second Crusade He is successful in recruiting kings to take arms, but…
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THE CRUSADESGlobal History Honors: Spiconardi
Reasons for the Crusades Pope wanted to
increase his power Christians believed
they could gain salvation (entry into Heaven) if they fought
Control of Jerusalem
Nobles saw land opportunities to start their own kingdoms
Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression
Adventure
Bernard of Clairvaux & the Second Crusade
The First Crusade was moderately successful Historians believe this was
due to infighting among Sunni and Shiite Muslims
Latin states were established in Antioch, Edessa, and Jerusalem Muslims & Jews slaughtered Native Christians kicked out
In 1145, Edessa is recaptured by Muslims A call for a new crusade
goes out No popular enthusiasm for
a second crusade Pope Eugene commissions
a monk, Bernard of Clairvaux, to preach the Second Crusade
He is successful in recruiting kings to take arms, but…
Bernard of Clairvaux & the Second Crusade
The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192)
Saladin United a great deal of the
Muslim world under the practices of Sunni Islam (becomes sultan of Egypt and Syria)
Well respected by Christians Seen as fair & chivalrous
Often freed Christian prisoners Captures most Crusader cities
in response to raids on Muslims by Raynald, a knight and Prince of Antioch
The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192)
Siege of Jerusalem (1187) Saladin offers a
peaceful surrender of the city
Balian, the highest ranking lord in Jerusalem, is convinced by citizens to not surrender & fight back
After 13 days of fighting, Balian surrenders & hands over keys of Jerusalem's citadel to Saladin The fall of
Jerusalem inspires the Third Crusade
The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192) The Christians
Richard The Lionheart, King of England Anti-Semitic Slaughtered 2700
Muslims at Acre Frederick of
Barbarosa, Holy Roman Emperor
Philip II, King of France
The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192)
Outcome Richard becomes leader of
crusade after Frederick’s death & Philip’s return to France
Needed to return to England to deal w/his brother’s planned usurpation
Negotiates a peace with Saladin that would allow Christian pilgrims safe passage to Jerusalem
Once again, it was a failure for Christians
The Children’s Crusade The Children’s Crusade Thousands
of children were set out to the Holy land with no arms. Believed God would give them Jerusalem Children die of cold, starvation or
drowning Some were sold into slavery
Impact of the Crusades Despite being a failure for the
Christians… Returning crusaders inspire interest in the
East Trade increases = Cultural Diffusion
Increase in religious intolerance New Religious Orders Founded
Templars protect pilgrims traveling to Holy Land
Hospitalers cared for sick pilgrims Kings power increases as Nobles’ power
decreases Feudalism weakened Rent is paid instead of services provided
3…2…1 Identify 3 effects of the crusades Identify 2 causes of the crusades Identify 1 difference between the First
Crusade and the Second & Third Crusades
