The Civil War The First Battles Fort Sumter South seized federal property as they seceded South seized federal property as they seceded Lincoln could have sent reinforcements and supplies or surrender the fort Lincoln could have sent reinforcements and supplies or surrender the fort He informed the south he was sending in food and other supplies but not troops or arms and ammunition He informed the south he was sending in food and other supplies but not troops or arms and ammunition In response South Carolina attacked the fort and the Union surrendered the fort In response South Carolina attacked the fort and the Union surrendered the fort Sent the North into a fighting frenzy Sent the North into a fighting frenzy Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers 3 other states secede 3 other states secede Diplomacy Problems Trent Affair Union warship stopped a British ship carrying 2 Confederate diplomats and took them prisoner The British built and sold the Confederates ships to raid and attack the Union navy, Alabama sunk more than 40 Union ships before being sunk itself Bull Run Ends the Ninety Day War Both sides thought the war would be very short Bull Run July 21, 1861 Raw Union recruits unprepared for battle ran into Stonewall Jackson who held until Confederate forces arrived Union troops fled all the way back to D.C. Psychological and political consequencesSouth was over confident, many of their soldiers deserted thinking the war was over, Southern enlistments fell, defeat helped the Union dispelled illusions of a short war Tardy George McClellan and the Peninsula Campaign McClellan given command of the Army of the Potomac in 1861 McClellan given command of the Army of the Potomac in 1861 Talented, West Point, Mexican American War, Crimean War, over cautious, was idolized by his men, always thought he was outnumbered Peninsula Campaign Lincoln forced McClellan to advance Lincoln forced McClellan to advance 100,000 troops within sight of Richmond 100,000 troops within sight of Richmond Lincoln sent the reinforcements to chase Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley which was a crucial food supply to either side Lincoln sent the reinforcements to chase Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley which was a crucial food supply to either side Seven Days Battles Seven Days Battles Union forces were driven back to the ocean 20,000 Confederate 10,000 Union casualties Lincoln fired McClellan Anaconda Plan Suffocate the South by blockade, liberate the slaves undermining the economic footing, cut South in half by taking the Mississippi River, in half again by sending troops through Georgia and the Carolinas, take the capital, grind the enemy into submission The War at Sea The blockade started out very inefficiently Blockade running was very profitable in the South Usually traded cotton for arms Union Navy got bigger and more effective even started seizing British ships armed with war goods heading for the halfway stations in the Caribbean or Halifax The Merrimack vs. The Monitor Monitor Video Monitor Video Antietam Lee moved North after Seven Days Battles and defeated Pope at the Second Battle of Bull Run August 29-30, 1862 Headed to Maryland to get convince her to secede and get foreign intervention on behalf of the South Maryland didnt rise up to help Antietam September 17, 1862 with McClellan back in charge Union soldiers found a copy of Lees plan of attack which allowed McClellan to win Bloodiest day of the whole war Militarily a draw but Lee abandoned the field and his attack northward McClellan fired for the final time for not chasing Lee Possibly the most decisive in the warkept the French and British out, emancipation proclamation followed, kept the border states Antietam Video Emancipation Proclamation - Declared the slaves free in the Confederate States that were still in rebellion, not in the Border States that Lincoln controlled Many slaves heard of the Proclamation and ran away to the Union Army One in seven slaves ran away Gave the Union a moral cause to fight for Ended the chance of a negotiated settlement Was opposition in the North to an abolition war Forced Europe to stay out of the war Blacks Battle Bondage Union army slowly began to accept black volunteers in their ranks Union army slowly began to accept black volunteers in their ranks Originally due to the lack of manpower Originally due to the lack of manpower 180,000 served by wars end 180,000 served by wars end Black service Black service Won 22 Congressional Medals of Honor Won 22 Congressional Medals of Honor Very heavy casualties Very heavy casualties If captured they were put to death If captured they were put to death South South Didnt allow blacks to serve until the wars end Didnt allow blacks to serve until the wars end Hurt the South, needed home guards, fear of rebellions, slowed down, sabotaged, served as Union spies, etc Hurt the South, needed home guards, fear of rebellions, slowed down, sabotaged, served as Union spies, etc Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg Burnside attacked Lee at Fredericksburg in December 1862 Burnside attacked Lee at Fredericksburg in December 1862 Union army looses 10,000 + troops in a frontal assault Union army looses 10,000 + troops in a frontal assault Hooker attacked Lee at Chancellorsville in 1863 Hooker attacked Lee at Chancellorsville in 1863 Lee divided his army and half attacked the flank Lee divided his army and half attacked the flank Stonewall Jackson was killed by his own men Stonewall Jackson was killed by his own men Meade vs. Lee Gettysburg July Meade vs. Lee Gettysburg July Meade had high ground and was attacked by the Confederates Meade had high ground and was attacked by the Confederates Confederates failed to take Little Round Top and later the failure of Picketts Charge marked their defeat Confederates failed to take Little Round Top and later the failure of Picketts Charge marked their defeat Meade failed to give chase and was fired Meade failed to give chase and was fired The War in the West Introduces Ulysses S. Grant Introduces Ulysses S. Grant Mediocre West Point Graduate, fought well in Mexican-American War, had a drinking problem, failed farmer and businessman Mediocre West Point Graduate, fought well in Mexican-American War, had a drinking problem, failed farmer and businessman Fort Henry and Fort Donelson February 1862 Fort Henry and Fort Donelson February 1862 Secured Kentucky and opened Tennessee Secured Kentucky and opened Tennessee Shiloh April 6-7, 1862 Shiloh April 6-7, 1862 Very bloody, terrible loss of life, showed the war in the West wouldnt be quick Very bloody, terrible loss of life, showed the war in the West wouldnt be quick Of the 77,000 that fought there 23,000 were casualties including Albert Sydney Johnston Of the 77,000 that fought there 23,000 were casualties including Albert Sydney Johnston War in the West cont. Vicksburg, Mississippi July 4, 1863 Vicksburg, Mississippi July 4, 1863 Gave the Union control of the Mississippi River, split the Confederacy, Gave the Union control of the Mississippi River, split the Confederacy, The twin victories (Vicksburg and Gettysburg) The twin victories (Vicksburg and Gettysburg) Helped put down antiwar efforts in the Butternut Region of the Ohio River Valley Helped put down antiwar efforts in the Butternut Region of the Ohio River Valley Opened the Mississippi River to trade again Opened the Mississippi River to trade again Effectively ended any chance for foreign help for the South Effectively ended any chance for foreign help for the South Shermans March to the Sea November 1863 there was a series of Union victories including Chattanooga Opened Georgia for invasion and moved Grant to general in chief in charge of the Army of the Potomac Sherman Marched to Atlanta, captured it, then burned it in 1864 Marched 250 miles living off the land and ended up in Savannah on the coast Along the way his army left a 60 mile wide swath of destruction, in it they burned everything of value, $100 million worth Destroyed supplies that would end up helping the Southern army Total War Then he headed north to South Carolina where the war started, here the destruction was even worse, it seemed he was diffusing punishment for South Carolina starting the war William Tecumseh Sherman War is Cruelty and you cannot refine it. Those who brought war into our country deserve all the curses and maledictions a people can pour out. William Tecumseh Sherman Grant outlasts Lee Wilderness Campaign May-June 1864 118,000 Union vs. 64,000 Confederate Union had over 50,000 casualties Cold Harbor June 3, ,000 Union soldiers died in an hour Instead of retreating like the other Union generals Grant pushed forward Shenandoah Valley Lee sent General Jubal Early into the valley on raids to gather food for the Confederate army in Petersburg Grant sent in Sheridan to confront Early and control the valley Sheridan laid it to waste so it was worthless to the South as a source of food Petersburg Defensive war for the South Trench Warfare Lasts over six months Tens of thousands of casualties on both sides Appomattox Courthouse April 9, 1865 Lee tried to escape Petersburg but Grant captured Richmond and cornered Lee Lee surrenders his entire army and ends the war Assassination of President Lincoln April in Fords Theater John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln in the head April in Fords Theater John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln in the head Perfect timing for his death Perfect timing for his death Bad for the South Bad for the South He was willing to let the South back on kinder terms, his assassination caused bitterness and a need for revenge He was willing to let the South back on kinder terms, his assassination caused bitterness and a need for revenge The Aftermath of the Nightmare 600,000 men died, almost as many as all the following wars combined 600,000 men died, almost as many as all the following wars combined Lost young men, best leaders, unborn children, etc. Lost young men, best leaders, unborn children, etc. $15 billion in total war costs $15 billion in total war costs Crushed states rights, nullification and secession were dead issues Crushed states rights, nullification and secession were dead issues Slavery was also dead Slavery was also dead