AND THEN THE WAR CAME

The Civil War1861-1865

Fort Sumter

March 4, 1861 Lincoln took office

Tense standoff at Fort Sumter, SC

April 12 4:30 am the Civil War began

Sumter surrendered on April 13

The only casualty was an artillery mule

Armies North and South

April 15 Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to fight the war

Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina join Confederacy

April 19 Naval blockade Anaconda Plan Typical soldier was between 18 & 25 years

old $13 a month Little training and low admission standards Typically a farmer by trade

Faces Blue and Gray

The Union

Population Economy Railroads Abraham Lincoln Navy Could supply all its

needs

Had to conquer the South

Poor generalship early

Uncertain reasons for fighting

Volunteer army Political division

The Confederacy

Better generalship (early)

Better soldiers On the defensive Belief in their cause Could trade

territory for time Possible European

intervention

Population Few industrial

regions Poor railroads Political divisions Jefferson Davis Lack of a clear

grand strategy

Weapons of War

.58 caliber rifled musket

Springfield Enfield 12 pound Napoleon Sabers Pistols

Civil War Medicine

Brutal and primitive Amputations No antibiotics Infections Disease Gangrene Typhoid Diarrhea Pneumonia Small Pox

First Blood at Manassas

Bull Run or Manassas

July 21, 1861 Irving McDowell (U) PGT Beauregard (C) Union 35,000 CSA 32,000 Result: Confederate

Victory

Feb-June1862

Feb. 6-16 Forts Henry and Donelson fall to U.S. Grant

March 9 Battle between the Monitor and Merrimac (Virginia)

April 6-7 Battle of Shiloh May 31-June 1 Battle of Seven Pines June 25-July 1 Seven Days Battles

Lee Invades the North

Aug. 29-30 Second Bull Run

Lee invades the North with his Army of Northern Virginia

Sept. 17 Battle of Antietam

Bloodiest day in American history

Lee turned back

Antietam

October-January 1863

Emancipation Proclamation

Oct. 8 Battle of Perryville

Dec. 13 Battle of Fredericksburg

Dec. 31-Jan. 2, 1863 Battle of Stones River

Blood on the Scales 1863

May 1-4 Battle of Chancellorsville

Jackson mortally wounded

May 18 Vicksburg under siege

Lee invades the North once again

George Gordon Meade is given command of the Army of the Potomac

Gettysburg

July 1 Lee wins the first day, but fails to take critical high ground on Cemetery Ridge and Culp’s Hill

July 2 Culp’s Hill, Devil’s Den, Little Round Top

July 3 Pickett’s Charge

Gettysburg

July 4, 1863

Lee retreats from Gettysburg

Grant takes Vicksburg

Tide of the war has turned

Chickamauga to Chattanooga

Sept. 19-20 Battle of Chickamauga Oct. 1-Nov. 25 Siege and battles for

Chattanooga Grant promoted to head of all Union

armies

Grant vs. Lee 1864

May 5-6 Battle of the Wilderness May 9-18 Battle of Spotsylvania

Courthouse June 3 Battle of Cold Harbor June- April 1865 Siege ofPetersburg

Atlanta in the Balance

William Sherman May 13-15 Resaca May 25-26 New Hope

Church June 27 Kennesaw

Mountain Hood replaced Johnston July 20 Peachtree Creek July 22 Atlanta Sept. 2 City taken by

Sherman

Endgame

Lincoln won re-election in 1864 Nov. 2 Sherman began march to the sea Nov. 30 Battle of Franklin Dec. 15-16 Battle of Nashville Army of Tennessee virtually destroyed

April 1865

April 1 Battle of Five Forks Lee abandoned Petersburg Davis fled Richmond Army of Northern Virginia pursued to

Appomattox Courthouse Lee surrendered to Grant April 9 April 14 Lincoln assassinated by John

Wilks Booth

Aftermath

Union 140,141 Killed in Action 224,586 Died of Disease and other

causes 275,200 Wounded Confederate 72,524 Killed in Action 187,476 Died of Disease and other

causes 137,000 Wounded