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Civil War
April 12, 1861- Attack on Fort Sumter !
Call for 75,000 VolunteersNorth (24)Buchanan- Crittenden Comp.
following 1860 ElectionLincoln- Inauguration (Mar. 3)
“Not interfere w/ Slavery”Lincoln- Attempts to resupply
Fort Sumter Lincoln- Call for troops to
Suppress Rebellion(90 day)Answering the Call- Battle
Hymn of the Republic! Battle Cry of Freedom!
South (11)Feb. 1861- form Confederacy
from 7 Southern States /SCJ. Davis- South confiscates US
Property all over the SouthConfederates- fire on the Fort
forcing its surrenderUpper South- Virginia, Tenn.,
KY, & Ark. Secede (Apr. 17) Answering the Call- The
Bonnie Blue Flag! Dixiland! !
North vs. South !1. Population (20.3 vs. 9 + 4 million)2. Products and Industry (92 vs. 8/ 110,000 vs. 21,000)3. Ships and Navy (90% vs. 10%)4. Railroads (22,000 vs. 9,000 miles)5. Farms and Food (Staple vs. Cash Crops)6. Iron Production (93% vs. 7%)7. Banking (Legal Tender Act/Greenbacks/80 vs. 9000%)8. Government and Leadership (Lincoln ! vs. Davis)9. Military Experience, Geography, Allies, Mission
First Modern War !Weapons– Rifles/Bullets– Cannons– Ironclads
Strategies– North & South: Fast victory = Surrender– Bull Run: Plans Change- War of attrition– North vs. South: Anaconda/ Defense
First Battle of Bull Run!• South Wins: Stonewall stands firm - don’t take DC• North: Lincoln call for 500,000 soldiers (Militia Act)• Conscriptions & Bounty’s: Large Causalities (4,600)• Lincoln: replaces McDowell with McClellan• South digs in while North trains new recruits
Anaconda PlanAttrition- The act of wearing down your enemy.
War on the Water1. North: Blockades the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts2. South: Blockade Runners smuggle goods in & out3. South: Ships operate in foreign waters (Fl. & Al.)4. North: Farragut takes New Orleans April 18625. Hampton Roads: Monitor vs. Merrimack(Va.) draw6. North: Attempt to secure Mississippi R. (Land/Sea)
Battles in the West!1. US Grant: captures Ft. Henry & Ft. Donelson (Tenn)2. Grant: Shiloh causalities 20,000 killed & wounded3. Union: Victory at Chattanooga (Buell Beats Bragg)4. Stalemate: Murfreesboro (Rosecrans vs. Bragg)5. Question: Why was the Union fighting in the West
North v. SouthBattle Cry of Freedom! Dixiland! Goober Peas!
Casualties of War!• A "casualty" is a person lost through death,
wounds, injury, sickness, internment, capture, or through being missing in action.
• Most casualties and deaths in the Civil War were the result of non-combat-related disease (3:5).
• In less than two years casualty totals were over 200,000. (End over 700,000)
Question: How did this effect support for & the ability to fight the war?
• Modern casualties include those who have been psychologically damaged by warfare (PTS) disorder.
TOTAL WAR EFFECTSSocial- Families torn apart,
Women fill-in, Injured return home, Low Moral
Political- North faced more turmoil (Copperheads), Lincoln v. McClellan(1864), Draft RiotsSouth- remained loyal to the cause but questioned sacrifices & political leadership (Desertions)
Economic- US production meets the demand while the South struggles (Food & Military supplies) Riots
Advancements- Military & medical advances prove costly, Women & AA’s take on new roles(nurses/troop)
Inflation- US monetary system is relatively stable while the South’s collapses
War in the East !1. McClellan: Peninsular Campaign fails (Richmond) 2. Union: 30 days to capture Yorktown (too slow)3. South: Robert E. Lee replaces Joseph E. Johnston 4. Seven Days Battles: Lee inflicts heavy casualties on
the Union Army. Lincoln orders McClellan’s retreat.5. Lee: Attacks 2ndManassas & Antietam (McClellan)
The Bloodiest Day !Sept. 17, 1862- Lee battles McClellanR.E. Lee- invades Maryland (Why???)– Convince North to give up– Win recognition from the British– Peace Democrats gain seats in Congress (1864)– Get needed food and resources from North (capture)
16,000 wound 6,000 dead
Emancipation Proclamation !1. Issued Sept. 1862(effective 1/1)2. Free slaves in Confed. States3. Loyalty to Border States4. Hurt South’s chance for Alliance
Fredericksburg (Dec 1862)General A. Burnside: leads the
Union Army (120,000).Sends his forces to Falmouth (near
Fredericksburg).Lee entrenched his army (78,000)
on the heights behind the townOn December 13 the Union
mounted a series of frontal assaults. Casualties CSA- 5,300 vs. USA-12,600.
On Dec. 15, Burnside called off the campaign. Lincoln fired him & hired Joseph Hooker
Siege of Vicksburg! In May to June of 1863, Maj. Gen. U.S.
Grant’s armies converged on Vicksburg. (70,000)
Surround the city & trap the CSA army under Gen. John Pemberton. (30,000)
On July 4 1863, Vicksburg surrendered after prolonged siege operations.
The loss of this army & transportation hub on the Mississippi effectively split the Confederacy in half.
Grant's successes in the West boosted his reputation, led to his appointment as General-in-Chief of the Union armies.
Gettysburg July 1-3 63’• Lee invades the North after
win at Chancellorsville 5/63’• Lincoln replaces Joe Hooker
with General George Meade• Day 1- CSA forces capture the
town/US army hold the hills • Day 2- CSA fails on the flanks
(Clup’s, Big/Little Round Top)• Day 3- Pickett’s Charge fails
to take Cemetery Ridge• Meade allows Lee to retreat
Grant vs. Lee”Whatever happens, there will be no turning back”• Grant first attacks in the spring of 1864• Wilderness- Fought to a draw/ Grant moves South • Spotsylvania Courthouse- 11 day battle/ indecisive
• Cold Harbor- CSA Victory/ Casualties 1,500 to 7,000• Petersburg- Grant’s Victory Siege (June 64-Apr. 65)
“I could cut a swath to the Sea• William T. Sherman takes command of the West• August 1864 US forces surround & captured Atlanta• “To end the war … make the old and young, rich
and poor , feel the hard hand of the war”• US Troops set fire to everything of military value• November- goes to
Savannah• Burn, loot, & pillage• December- capture
Savannah
Surrender & Assassination• Election of 1864- Lincoln defeats McClellan (13th)• Grant traps Lee at Appomattox Courthouse
(surrendered- April 9th 1865)
• Terms- US will not prosecute soldiers for treason • Ford’s Theater- Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes Booth
& the President dies April 15th 1865• Q- How will the Nation be brought back together??
