THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE Presidents of the United States
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FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR Review: War between who? British and
French (Spain entered later on French side) Fighting over what?
North American Territory What are the effects? Britain Wins and
gains lands
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BEFOREBEFOREBEFOREBEFORE
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AFTERAFTERAFTERAFTER
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PROCLAMATION ACT OF 1763 To avoid conflict with the Native
Americans Britain decided to limit settlement west of the colonies
already established. This enraged many farmers and land speculators
who wanted access to the land.
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REVOLUTION AND NORTHWEST ORDINANCE In the Revolutionary War
American Colonist gained control of all of Britians land claims in
North America. The Colonists are no longer under the restrictions
of the Proclamation Line of 1763 Northwest Ordinance-1787 Created
the Northwest Territory 1 st organized territory in United States
Established the precedent by which the federal government would be
sovereign and expand westward across North America with the
admission of new states, rather than with the expansion of existing
states and their established sovereignty under the Articles of
Confederation.
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George Washington 1789-1797 The first President of the countrys
history. The General over the continental Military during the
American Revolution. The chairperson over the Constitutional
Convention in Philadelphia. Legacy: 1. Establishes precedents,
including first Cabinet Positions 2. The Bill of Rights 3. Jays
Treaty with England and Pickneys Treaty with Spain. 4. French
Revolution 5. Cotton Gin Invented in his time period 6. Farewell
Speech: Principle concern, protect the Constitution (go to page
1068)
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CREATION OF VERMONT In 1791 Vermont was the 1 st State admitted
into the United States after the original 13 Set a precedent that
each new state is equal to the original 13 The people in Vermont
mainly opposed slavery Kentucky is admitted later that year (favors
slavery) Keeps Balance
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John Adams 1797-1801 Federalist Second President of the United
States A lawyer by profession Winner of first real contested
election 1. XYZ Affair (1797) 2. The Alien and Sedition Act
(1798)
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Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809 Democrat-Republican Writer of the
Declaration of Independence Opposed much of the political stances
of his federalists predecessors. 1. Louisiana Purchase and Louis
and Clark expedition (1804-1806) 2. Marbury vs Madison (1803) 3.
Embargo Act (1807) 4. Beginning of the Second Great Awakening
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LOUISIANA PURCHASE 1800-Napoleon Bonoparte convinced Spain to
give Louisiana back to France Thomas Jefferson (President) believed
that having France back in North America would force the US into an
alliance with British, whom Jefferson despised. He sent ambassador
Robert Livingston to negotiate with France. Napoleon was making
plans to conquer Europe and did not want to risk an alliance
between Britain and the US which would hurt his plans in Europe.
So, Napoleon offered to sell the Louisiana Territory as well as New
Orleans to the US for 11.25 Million. The US agreedthis more than
doubled the size of the US.
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WAR OF 1812 US vs. Great Britain Reasons: Trade restrictions
brought about by Britain's continuing war with France The
impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy
British support of American Indian tribes against American
expansion American interest in annexing British North American
territory (part of modern day Canada) Results: No boundary changes
The British proposal to create a "neutral" Indian zone in the
American West was rejected at the Ghent peace conference and never
resurfaced. Video (my website)
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Andrew Jackson 1829-1837 Democrat A former general and war hero
in the War of 1812 (the Battle of New Orleans). 1. Indian Removal
Act (1830), 2. Trail of Tears 3. Nullification Crisis (1830) 4.
Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia (1831) Video of Jackson
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Native Americans How are Native Americans affected by Westward
Expansion? Primary Source Readings Source Contextualize Compare
Read, answer questions, discuss Video
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THE NATIONAL ROAD Aka: Cumberland Road 1811-1824 first major
improved highway in the United States to be built by the federal
government. The approximately 620-mile long National Road provided
a connection between the Potomac and Ohio Rivers and a gateway to
the West for thousands of settlers.
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MOUNTAIN MEN Mountain Men were hunters who were mainly seeking
fur and beaver pelts which could be sold for a lot of money. The
Mountain Men Heyday was between 1820 and 1830
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ROCKY MOUNTAIN FUR COMPANY Started by William Henry Ashley, an
entrepreneur from Virginia Advertised for enterprising young men...
to ascend the river Missouri to its source, there to be employed
for one, two, or three years The men who responded to this call
became known as "Ashley's Hundred." Between 1822 and 1825, Ashley
and Henry's Rocky Mountain Fur Company, did several large scale fur
trapping expeditions in the mountain west. Ashley devised
rendezvous: system in which trappers, Indians and traders would
meet annually in a predetermined location to exchange furs, goods
and money.
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JEDEDIAH SMITH One of Ashleys Hundred First white man to travel
overland from the Salt Lake frontier, the Colorado River, the
Mojave Desert, and finally into California. Smith was the first
United States citizen to explore and eastwardly cross the Sierra
Nevada and the treacherous Great Basin. Smith also was the first
American to travel up the California coast to reach the Oregon
Country. Survived being mauled by a bear Jedediah Smith's
explorations and documented discoveries were highly significant in
opening the American West to expansion by white settlers and
cattlemen.
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JIM BRIDGER Joined Ashleys Hundred at age 18 One of the first
white men to see the Great Salt Lake Married three different native
women (they kept dying) Shortened the Oregon Trail by 61 miles
(Bridgers Pass) Bridgers Pass was the chosen route for the Railroad
and eventually Highway 80 He helped many different wagon trains as
they traveled West
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HOW DID MOUNTAIN MEN AFFECT EXPANSION? Creating trails Writing
experiences in journals Mapping Building forts Guiding
travelers
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James K. Polk 1845-1849 Dark Horse Candidate Democrat 1.
Manifest Destiny 2. Mexican War (1846-1848) 1. Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo: the forced Mexican Cession of the territories of Alta
California and New Mexico to the U.S. in exchange for $15 million
3. Expansion of the Union: Texas, California, Utah 4. Wilmot
Proviso (1846)
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MANIFEST DESTINY Separate PPT
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Abraham Lincoln 1861-1865 First Republican President Lawyer
Abolitionist 1. Served at the time of the Civil War 2. Emancipated
the slaves in the South 3. Gettysburg Address (1863) 4. Was able to
pass the 13 th amendment, regarding the end of slavery. (1865) 5.
First President to be assassinated in office (by John Wilkes Booth,
1865)
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TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD The transcontinental railroad created
a nation- wide transportation network that united the country. This
network replaced the wagon trains of previous decades and allowed
for the transportation of larger quantities of goods over longer
distances. Read and Answer Questions On: Homestead Act Pacific
Railway Act
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UNION PACIFIC Created by the Pacific Railway Act in 1862 Built
from East to West Built primarily by Irish immigrants Other workers
included whites, African Americans, and Asians
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CENTRAL PACIFIC Authorized to expand from California eastward
in 1962 by the Pacific Railway Act Built from West to East Most of
the railroad workers were Chinese The Big Four Sacramento
businessmen who financed the Railroad (paid back by government)
Leland Stanford Collis Huntington Charles Crocker Mark Hopkins
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PROMONTORY POINT The Union Pacifica and Central Pacific
railroads were racing to cover as much land as possible, nobody
knew exactly where they would meet up until they started to draw
near to each other. The railroad companies were given massive
amounts of land (10 miles on both sides of the tracks) where they
built, this land would become extremely valuable, so they wanted to
build as much track as they could. They finally met at Promontory
Summit, Utah. On May 10, 1869, Leland Stanford drove the Last Spike
(or golden spike) that joined the rails of the transcontinental
railroad. Video
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Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 Republican Revives the Presidency
Rough Rider during the Spanish American War American Imperialism
Trust Buster Progressive 1. Social Welfare Action 2. Meat
Inspection Act (1906) pg. 571 3. National Parks (Yosemite) 4. Teddy
Bear 5. Environmental Conservatism
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Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921 Idealist Progressive 1. Neutrality 2.
Mexican Revolution 3. World War I 4. Treaty of Versailles (League
of Nations) 5. Petticoat Government 6. Red Scare
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Franklin D. Roosevelt 1933-1945 Democrat Social Programs
Longest serving president in history (12 years) 1. The New Deal 2.
World War II 3. Executive Order 9066 (Japanese Internment)
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Harry S. Truman 1945-1951 Democrat From Missouri 1. End of WWII
2. Dropped the Atomic Bomb on Japan 3. Beginning of the Cold
War
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John F. Kennedy 1961-1963 Democrat First Catholic President 1.
Bay of Pigs (April 1961) 2. Cuban Missile Crisis (October 14-28,
1962) 3. Growth of NASA: We choose to go to the moon. 4.
Assassinated in Dallas, TX (1963)
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Richard Nixon 1969-1974 Republican Only President to resign
(August 9, 1974) 1. US lands on the Moon (July 1969) 2. Vietnam War
(1965-1975) 3. Pentagon Papers (1971) 4. Visits China (1972) 5.
Watergate (1972) 6. S.A.L.T. (1972) 1. Strategic Arms Limitations
Treaty
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Ronald Reagan 1981-1989 Republican Former Actor 1. Ends the
Iran hostage crisis 2. Trickle Down Economy (Reaganomics) 3. Arms
Race 4. The Berlin Wall Come Down
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Bill Clinton 1993-2001 Democrat Second President ever impeached
Controversial President 1. Economic Prosperity 2. Impeachment Trial
(1999)
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George W. Bush 2001-2009 Republican 1 st Father-Son President
combo since John Adams, and John Quincy Adams 1. September 11 th,
2001 2. War on Terror: Afghanistan, Iraq 3. Hurricane Katrina
(2005) 4. Great Recession (2008-2009)
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Barack Obama 2009-Present Democrat First African-American
President 1. Government Bailout (2009) 2. Nobel Peace Prize (2009)
3. Social Media impact 4. Obamacare (2009) 5. Killing of Osama Bin
Ladin (2011) 6. Libya Embassy bombing (2012) 7. NSA Leaking: Edward
Snowden (2013)