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The Acoustic Dimension
• Sound and Synchronization Technology Evolution
• Recording techniques / Perception
• Post-Production
• Presentation
What is sound
• Compressions and rarefactions of air pressure. • Transference of energy through a medium (air).
What is sound
• Energy propagates through a medium
Longitudinal Mechanical Wave
Wave propagating in air
Compressions and Rarefactions of air pressure
• Transceiver based. • For example: Air Pressure to Diaphragm
Wave propagating in air from a transmitter (e.g. a speaker) to a receiver (microphone diaphragm)
• Transceiver based. • Air Pressure to Diaphragm
Diaphragms can be an Ear Drum or a Microphone
Dynamic Microphone
Condencer Microphone
Human Ear
• Transceiver based. • Air Pressure to Diaphragm to electric current
to …
Sound wave moving a microphone diaphragm resulting in a fluctuating voltage.
Air Pressure to Diaphragm to electric current to digital encoding, and visa-versa
Fluctuating voltage is digitized by:
1. sample rate (48KHz) Horizontal Resolution
2. bit depth (16bit) Vertical Resolution
Digital Encoding of a Sound Wave
Fluctuating voltage is digitized by:
1. sample rate (48KHz) Horizontal Resolution
2. bit depth (16bit) Vertical Resolution
Perception of Sound
• Psychoacoustics – the study of the relationship between
physical sounds and the human perception of sound.
• The relationship between how our ear hears and how audio technology captures sound is not intuitive.
Perception of SoundPsychoacoustic Effects
• The Haas Effect (or precedence effect)
– An acoustic signal that arrives first at the ear suppresses the ability to hear other signals. ~40ms.
• The Cocktail Party Effect – The ability in perception to select one
desired sound from a background of ambient noise heard at the same time.
Elements of Sound Design
Element Perception
Diagetic Content
Ambience Context
Sound FX Verisimilitude
Music Emotion
Diffusion Spacialization / Localization