TERNATE HISTORIC AREA UNDER THE PRESSURE OF

URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Agus Dharma Tohjiwa 1, Sumaiyah Fitriandini2

1,2 Department of Architecture, Gunadarma University, Depok, Indonesia

agus_dh@staff.gunadarma.ac.id

Urban Retrofitting: Building, Cities and Communities

in The Disruptive Era

The 20th

International Conference on

Sustainable

Environment

& Architecture

Supported By:Organized By:Presenter Affiliation:

Place Your

Affiliation

Logo Here

INTRODUCTION & LITERATURE REVIEW Place Your

Affiliation

Logo Here

• The international spice trade brought the Portuguese and the

Spanish to North Maluku in the 16th century. The presence of the

two nations has played a role in the conflict between fellow

kingdoms in Moloku Kie Raha.

• Portuguese sided with Ternate and established control over

Ternate, while Spain sided with Tidore.

2

Supported By:Organized By:

INTRODUCTION & LITERATURE REVIEW Place Your

Affiliation

Logo Here

• Over time, population growth and the need for

urban development have led to urban spatial

development leading to coastal areas.

• The phenomenon of rapid development in this

coastal area does not pay attention to conservation

aspects of the city.

• This condition can threaten historical sites and

damage heritage areas there.

3

Supported By:Organized By:

METHODSPlace Your

Affiliation

Logo Here

• This research uses qualitative methods with

descriptive and spatial analysis approach.

• Primary data was collected through field surveys and

visual observations, map overlays using a Geographic

Information System (GIS), and interviews with

representatives of the Sultanate and the Regional

Government.

4

Supported By:Organized By:

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONPlace Your

Affiliation

Logo Here

5

Supported By:Organized By:

• Ternate Island has more than 27 cultural heritages dating from the 14-19 centuries.

• Many historical heritages become famous tourism objects, for example the forts of Kalamata, Tolukko, and Oranje.

• In terms of objects spreading, it can be divided into 3 clusters.

• Cluster 2 in the southern part of Ternate island is a gathering place for almost all cultural heritage on Ternate island.

1

2

3

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONPlace Your

Affiliation

Logo Here

6

Supported By:Organized By:

• From the map overlay results of the historical objects spread with the urban spatial structure plan, it is known that the locations of most historical objects are in the city center of Ternate.

• From the map overlay results of the historical objects spread with land use plans (spatial patterns), it is known that the most historical objects are located in commercial areas and dense residential areas.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONPlace Your

Affiliation

Logo Here

7

Supported By:Organized By:

• The sacred kedaton complex of

Ternate Sultan is located in city center.

• In the cosmological view of the

Ternate community, Kedaton is also

considered the center of supernatural

powers and replica of the universe.

• Currently the 5 sacred elements of

Kedaton are no longer connected

properly because the area is very

dense.1. Kedaton2. Air Santosa3. Balulu Madehe4. Ngara lamo5. Sigi Lamo

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONPlace Your

Affiliation

Logo Here

8

Supported By:Organized By:

Slum buildings growing around the sultan's bridge. According to traditional rules, the area from Kedaton to the Sultan's pier should be free of buildings.

Most of the land in the Sultan Ternate Kedatonarea is already owned by the public and not relatives of the sultan anymore.

1

2

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONPlace Your

Affiliation

Logo Here

9

Supported By:Organized By:

The Oranje fort is in a crowded trading area which reduces the monumental aspect of the building.

Klentheng Thian Hou King, Kalero, Kampung Arab, and Kampung Cina, are also located in the dense and disorganized trade area.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONPlace Your

Affiliation

Logo Here

10

Supported By:Organized By:

• The merge of the city center with large

clusters of cultural heritage causes the

destruction of heritage areas.

• There should be efforts to separate or

maintain a distance between the old or

traditional city and the new city, for

example by moving the city center to

another part of the region.

• According to the Law No. 11/2010 on

Cultural Conservation, there should be a

buffer zone for the core conservation area.

This should also apply to city zoning

arrangements.

Buffer zone

city center displacement

CONCLUSIONSPlace Your

Affiliation

Logo Here

11

Supported By:Organized By:

• The long neglect of this phenomenon shows a lack of

understanding of the cultural heritage conservation

principles in the sultanate, local government, and the

community.

• The loss of authenticity of the historic area space,

swallowed by the strength of urban development, is a

serious threat to Ternate people.

• It is necessary to have strict regulations and spatial

planning efforts to protect and preserve their cultural

heritage.

REFERENCESPlace Your

Affiliation

Logo Here

12

Supported By:Organized By:

1. Candrasasmita, Uka.(2001).Struktur Masyarakat Kota Pelabuhan Ternate Abad ke-14.Jakarta: Lintas.

2. Bramastha, Dhi, Rindarjano, M.Gamal, Sarwono. (2015). Proses Keruangan Pelestarian Saujana Budaya Kota (Urban Heritage) Di Kecamatan Laweyan Kota

Surakarta Tahun 2013. Vol.1 No.1, p.69.[Online version via Geoeco] [viewed 28/09/2020].

3. Firmansyah. (2011). Identifikasi tingkat risiko bencana letusan Gunung Api Gamalama di Kota Ternate.Vol.2 No.3. Jurnal Lingkungan dan Bencana

Geologi.[Online version via ResearchGate]. [accessed Oct 02 2020].

4. Leirissa, AZ, Shalfiyanti, Gunawan, Restu.(1999). Ternate Sebagai Bandar Jalur Sutra.Departemen Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan RI. Jakarta: CV.Ilham

Bangun Karya

5. Anymous.(2015).Benteng di Kota Ternate. Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Kota Ternate

6. Ibrahim, Maulana. (2016). A Study on Historic Urban Landscape of Ternate, Indonesia.

7. Amal, Adnan. (2010). Kepulauan Rempah-rempah, Perjalanan Sejarah, Maluku Utara 1250-1950, Jakarta: Gramedia.

8. Nomay, Usman. (2014). Orang Melayu Di Kota Ternate Abad XV-XIV.Vol.20 No.2, p.249. .[Online version via ResearchGate]. [accessed Sep 27 2020].

9. Tim cermat. (2020).Jejak Orang Cina dan Keberagaman di Ternate. Kumparan [Internet] 28th September 2020. Available at

https://kumparan.com/ceritamalukuutara/jejak-orang-china-dan-keberagaman-di-ternate-1sjhrQMrcZB/full [Accessed 28th September 2020].

10. Sambodo, Noorman.,Anindyatri, Anisya Oktaviani., Argadia, Yosep Riva. (2018). Profil Budaya & Bahasa Kota Ternate.[downloaded from

http://publikasi.data.kemdikbud.go.id/uploadDir/isi_796759EF-E94B-4B4B-B171-4A3FAEEB24AE_.pdf]. [accessed Sep 28 2020].

11. Musa, Ibnu Rusdi A.R. (2018).Karakteristik Spasial Kawasan Kultural Kesultanan.Vol.5 No.2,p.249. Downloaded from

https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/spasial/article/view/20848. [viewed 28/09 2020].

12. Tim cermat. (2019). Dermaga Bolulu Madehe, Riwayatmu Kini, Kumparan [Internet] 28th September 2020. Available at

https://kumparan.com/ceritamalukuutara/dermaga-bolulu-madehe-riwayatmu-kini-1550751180196275613/full [Accessed 28th September 2020].

13. Asriany, Sherly, Ridwan, Barjiah, Umi.(2015).“Sejarah Masjid Sultan Moloku Kie Raha”.Makassar: Pustaka Refleksi

14. Handoko, Wuri. (2015). Tata Kota Islam Ternate: Tinjauan Morfologi dan Kosmologi,p.127. .[Online version via ResearchGate]. [accessed 27 Sep 2020].

15. Anonymous.(2015). Rencana Aksi Kota Pusaka Ternate.Pemerintah Kota Ternate

16. Awal, Syamsi. (2018). Fenomena Batu Angus Di Lereng Timur Gunung Gamalama Pulau Ternate Maluku Utara dan Pemanfaatanya Sebagai Media

Pembelajaran Geografi Di SMA. S2 thesis, UNY.[Online version via https://eprints.uny.ac.id/]. [viewed 27/09/2020]

17. Anonymous.Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Kota Ternate Tahun 2012-2032.Badan Perencana Pembangunan Daerah Kota Ternate.

18. Peta Bidang Tanah Ternate 2020. Downloaded from https://bhumi.atrbpn.go.id/. [accessed 5th Oktober 2020

19. Djainal, Herry.(2017).Analisis Reklamasi Pantai Kota Ternate Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Lingkungan Fisik Kawasan Pesisir.Vol.16 No.2.Jurnal Teknologi

20. Dalidjo, Nurdiyansyah.(2020). Rumah di Tanah Rempah, Jakarta: Gramedia.

https://kumparan.com/ceritamalukuutara/jejak-orang-china-dan-keberagaman-di-ternate-1sjhrQMrcZB/fullhttps://kumparan.com/ceritamalukuutara/dermaga-bolulu-madehe-riwayatmu-kini-1550751180196275613/fullhttps://bhumi.atrbpn.go.id/

Thank You

The 20th International Conference on

Sustainable Environment & Architecture

Supported By:Organized By:Presenter Affiliation:

Place Your

Affiliation

Logo Here