Textile Spinning to Finishing Process IBA 2012

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Textile Spinning to Finishing

Process

Business English Program

Institute of Business Administration (IBA)

Submitted By : M. Tauqeer Ahmad

Submitting Date: 2012


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Introduction

Textile industry is important part of Pakistan'seconomy. It contributes more than 60% to the totalexport earnings of the country, accounts for 46% of

the total manufacturing and provides employment to38% of the manufacturing labor force.

The availability of basic raw material for textileindustry, cotton, has played a principal role in the

growth of the industry. On the other hand, Pakistan fourth largest cotton

producer.


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Cotton SilkLinen

Wool

Viscose

Polyester

Lycra

NylonAcrylic

Basic Fibers


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Fiber typesClassification based on physical nature

Staple fibers Cotton, Wool, Linen, etc.

Filaments Silk, Lycra etc.

Micro deniers
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Staple Fiber & Filaments


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Fiber Properties

Wool- Comfortable, Good to feel, Versatile, Lightweight,Good insulator, Wrinkle-resistant, Absorbent, Durable(LikeTWEED).

Cotton- Comfortable, Breathable, Machine-washable, dry-cleanable, Good strength, Drapes well,Soft hand, Absorbent, Wrinkle.

Silk- Soft & Crisp hand, Luxurious & Drapes well, Thinnest

of all natural fibers, Hand-washable or dry-cleanable, Poorresistance to prolonged exposure to sunlight


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Fiber Properties .. contd

Polynosic - Drapes well, Excellent luster, Breathable, Canbe dyed in bright colors, Characteristic: Hazy appearance.

Polyester - Strong, Crisp, soft hand, Resistant tostretching and shrinkage, Washable or dry-cleanable,Quick drying, Resilient, wrinkle resistant, excellentpleat retention (if heat set), Easy care.


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Woven Fabric Manufacturing

Cotton system

Spinning

Yarn

Weaving

Greige fabric

Wet ProcessingFinished fabric

Inspection Packed fabric


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Spinning

Plucking & Cleaning

Blow room

Carding

Combing

Draw frame

Simplex

Ring frame Yarn


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Plucking.

Initially cottonbales aremanuallyopened and areput in machinesfor mix-up &separate the

bales intosmallerdenominations.

The separatedcotton is then

transferred intothe Blow Room.


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Blow Room

The Blow Room is afacility, which isprimarily used forthe Cleaning, Mixingand Opening ofcotton for yarn

production.


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Carding Department

The mainfunction ofthisdepartment isto transformthe cotton into

Sliver.


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Combing

Function of thisdepartment is totransform the cottonSliver in to more fineand inject the rawmaterial and also

putting short fiber toget more longer fiberfor durability.


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Draw Frame

The function of theDraw Frame, blendsmultiple roving intoone fiber.

The draw frameresults in strong.


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Simplex

The mainprocessesinvolved areGrafting(compact),

Twisting andWinding thesliver andshaping it likea thin rope.


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Ring frame

This is functionwhere the yarn isfinally produced.

Main objective ofthe machines hereis again Grafting,Twisting &Winding. Once thecotton thread isproduced it iscollected in theform of Bobbin.


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Spinning Laboratory

The second importantsection of the spinningfacility is the TestLaboratory which ismainly responsible for

the inspection andtesting of the cottonsamples and monitoring

Yarn Count

Yarn Strength Sliver Test

Check Machinery Faultsetc.


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PolyesterCotton

Polyester Cotton

67%33%

Material-Blending

Blended YARN


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Weaves

Fabric

Finishes


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Warp n Weft

Yarn on 2 sides of Fabric end Warp (Vertical)

Weft (Horizontal)

pick


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Fabric-Weave representation

.

Weftyarns(Red)

Warp yarns(Blue)

Selvage(Yellow)


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Plain weave - Max no. of interlacements


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Types of Twill weave- Diagonal patterns on surface

Twill (LHT) Herringbone

(Broken Twill)

Gabardine


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Chambray

Gives a two tone look

Used in : All types of garmentsHistory : Named after Chambray

province in France

Colour Warp Yarn

White Weft Yarn


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Corduroy

Used in : Bottom wear and outerwear Benefit : Hardwearing fabric for outdoor wear

Warmth providing fabric History : Named after Corde Du Roi,

French for - Cloth of King


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Denim

Twill Chambray - Indigo dyed Warp & Undyed Weft Used in: Jeans - heavy weights

Outerwear - heavy weight

Shirts / Tops - Bottom Benefit: Hard wearing

Trendy History: Named after a place in

France called Diemes.


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Finishes

Fabric

Weaves


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Wet Processing

Desizing Singeing

Bleaching

Mercerising Padding & development - types of Dyes

Stenter & Finishing

Calendaring, Peaching, etc


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Desizing & Singeing


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Bleaching & Mercerizing


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Calendaring, Peaching,


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Stenter

ProcessInvolved

Stable fabric& Control ofsize / weight

as well.Some othertreatment

can be add.


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Types of Dyeing

Top dyeing - P/V, Melanges

Yarn dyeing -

Beam Dyeing - Denims

Fabric dyeing

Piece dye, Cross dye

Dispels Dye for CVC fabrics

Reactive Dye

Sulfur Dye ( blocked due to Azo free)

Garment dyeing

Printing - Block, Screen, Rotary, Flocking, Burn outs,Laser


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Cotton & Dispels Dying


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Washes and Finishes

A process by which finished garments are put into huge washers andtreated with chemicals to get the required effect.

Softener

Enzyme

Sueding (Softness) Resin, Non-iron

Stain repellent / Soil release

Anti Bacterial & Anti Static (Flame Retardant)

Wicking / Quick dry

Denim washes - Bleach, Stone, Acid, Sandblasting


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Types of Washes

Softner Wash

This is the simplest type of wash.

Does not use enzymes

Not harsh on the garment.

Stone wash: Used on trousers to get the faded look.

Enzyme wash

Sand wash

Carbon Wash

Bio Polish/Wash

Etc.


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Design Engraving

Designing andEngraving aretwo very essentialand fundamentalprocessesbeforethe printing

process.


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Printing

PigmentPrinting. Pigmentprinting include theapplication of pigmentdyes on the surface ofthe fabric. These dyesform a thin film on the

surface of the fabric.The fixation of thedyes is then donethrough curing.

ReactivePrinting. Reactivedyes react with thefibers of the fabric,

once applied to givethe desired shades.The fabric is thendried and washed sothe dyes are fixed andthe unfixed dyes areremoved


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Remarks & Conclusion

Some areas should be considered, Technology enhancement in Equipments as well as

product.

Improve the new global fashion knowledge Implementation of total quality management

system as envisaged in ISO 9001/2000, JC PennySystem etc.

Knowledge of basic tools used in Textile/Apparelsector.

Govt. support & policies for upgradation.


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THANK YOU