COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR-TEST-BAN TREATY

PREAMBLE

The States Parties to this Treaty (hereinafter referredto as "the States Parties"),

Welcoming the international agreements and otherpositive measures of recent years in the field of nucleardisarmament, including reductions in arsenals of nuclearweapons, as well as in the field of the prevention of nuclearproliferation in all its aspects,

Underlining the importance of the full and promptimplementation of such agreements and measures,

Convinced that the present international situationprovides an opportunity to take further effective measurestowards nuclear disarmament and against the proliferationof nuclear weapons in all its aspects, and declaring theirintention to take such measures,

Stressing therefore the need for continued systematicand progressive efforts to reduce nuclear weapons globally,with the ultimate goal of eliminating those weapons, and of

-2-

general and complete disarmament under strict andeffective international control,

Recognizing that the cessation of all nuclear weapontest explosions and all other nuclear explosions, byconstraining the development and qualitative improvementof nuclear weapons and ending the development ofadvanced new types of nuclear weapons, constitutes aneffective measure of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation in all its aspects,

Further recognizing that an end to all such nuclearexplosions will thus constitute a meaningful step in therealization of a systematic process to achieve nucleardisarmament,

Convinced that the most effective way to achieve anend to nuclear testing is through the conclusion of auniversal and internationally and effectively verifiablecomprehensive nuclear test-ban treaty, which has longbeen one of the highest priority objectives of theinternational community in the field of disarmament andnon-proliferation,

Noting the aspirations expressed by the Parties to the1963 Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the

-3-

Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water to seek toachieve the discontinuance of all test explosions of nuclearweapons for all time,

Noting also the views expressed that this Treatycould contribute to the protection of the environment,

Affirming the purpose of attracting the adherence ofall States to this Treaty and its objective to contributeeffectively to the prevention of the proliferation of nuclearweapons in all its aspects, to the process of nucleardisarmament and therefore to the enhancement ofinternational peace and security,

Have agreed as follows:

-4-

ARTICLE I

BASIC OBLIGATIONS

1. Each State Party undertakes not to carry out anynuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclearexplosion, and to prohibit and prevent any such nuclearexplosion at any place under its jurisdiction or control.

2. Each State Party undertakes, furthermore, to refrainfrom causing, encouraging, or in any way participating in thecarrying out of any nuclear weapon test explosion or anyother nuclear explosion.

-5-

ARTICLE II

THE ORGANIZATION

A. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1. The States Parties hereby establish theComprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization(hereinafter referred to as "the Organization") to achieve theobject and purpose of this Treaty, to ensure theimplementation of its provisions, including those forinternational verification of compliance with it, and to providea forum for consultation and cooperation among StatesParties.

2. All States Parties shall be members of theOrganization. A State Party shall not be deprived of itsmembership in the Organization.

3. The seat of the Organization shall be Vienna,Republic of Austria.

4. There are hereby established as organs of theOrganization: the Conference of the States Parties, theExecutive Council and the Technical Secretariat, which

-6-

shall include the International Data Centre.

5. Each State Party shall cooperate with theOrganization in the exercise of its functions in accordancewith this Treaty. States Parties shall consult, directly amongthemselves, or through the Organization or otherappropriate international procedures, including procedureswithin the framework of the United Nations and inaccordance with its Charter, on any matter which may beraised relating to the object and purpose, or theimplementation of the provisions, of this Treaty.

6. The Organization shall conduct its verificationactivities provided for under this Treaty in the least intrusivemanner possible consistent with the timely and efficientaccomplishment of their objectives. It shall request only theinformation and data necessary to fulfil its responsibilitiesunder this Treaty. It shall take every precaution to protectthe confidentiality of information on civil and militaryactivities and facilities coming to its knowledge in theimplementation of this Treaty and, in particular, shall abideby the confidentiality provisions set forth in this Treaty.

7. Each State Party shall treat as confidential and affordspecial handling to information and data that it receives in

-7-

confidence from the Organization in connection with theimplementation of this Treaty. It shall treat such informationand data exclusively in connection with its rights andobligations under this Treaty.

8. The Organization, as an independent body, shallseek to utilize existing expertise and facilities, asappropriate, and to maximize cost efficiencies, throughcooperative arrangements with other internationalorganizations such as the International Atomic EnergyAgency. Such arrangements, excluding those of a minorand normal commercial and contractual nature, shall be setout in agreements to be submitted to the Conference of theStates Parties for approval.

9. The costs of the activities of the Organization shall bemet annually by the States Parties in accordance with theUnited Nations scale of assessments adjusted to take intoaccount differences in membership between the UnitedNations and the Organization.

10. Financial contributions of States Parties to thePreparatory Commission shall be deducted in anappropriate way from their contributions to the regularbudget.

-8-

11. A member of the Organization which is in arrears inthe payment of its assessed contribution to the Organizationshall have no vote in the Organization if the amount of itsarrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributiondue from it for the preceding two full years. The Conferenceof the States Parties may, nevertheless, permit such amember to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is dueto conditions beyond the control of the member.

B. THE CONFERENCE OF THE STATES PARTIES

Composition, Procedures and Decision-making

12. The Conference of the States Parties (hereinafterreferred to as "the Conference") shall be composed of allStates Parties. Each State Party shall have onerepresentative in the Conference, who may be accompaniedby alternates and advisers.

13. The initial session of the Conference shall beconvened by the Depositary no later than 30 days after theentry into force of this Treaty.

14. The Conference shall meet in regular sessions, whichshall be held annually, unless it decides otherwise.

-9-

15. A special session of the Conference shall beconvened:

(a) When decided by the Conference;

(b) When requested by the Executive Council; or

(c) When requested by any State Party andsupported by a majority of the States Parties.

The special session shall be convened no later than 30days after the decision of the Conference, the request of theExecutive Council, or the attainment of the necessarysupport, unless specified otherwise in the decision orrequest.

16. The Conference may also be convened in the form ofan Amendment Conference, in accordance with Article VII.

17. The Conference may also be convened in the form ofa Review Conference, in accordance with Article VIII.

18. Sessions shall take place at the seat of theOrganization unless the Conference decides otherwise.

-10-

19. The Conference shall adopt its rules of procedure. Atthe beginning of each session, it shall elect its Presidentand such other officers as may be required. They shall holdoffice until a new President and other officers are elected atthe next session.

20. A majority of the States Parties shall constitute aquorum.

21. Each State Party shall have one vote.

22. The Conference shall take decisions on matters ofprocedure by a majority of members present and voting. Decisions on matters of substance shall be taken as far aspossible by consensus. If consensus is not attainable whenan issue comes up for decision, the President of theConference shall defer any vote for 24 hours and during thisperiod of deferment shall make every effort to facilitateachievement of consensus, and shall report to theConference before the end of this period. If consensus isnot possible at the end of 24 hours, the Conference shalltake a decision by a two-thirds majority of members presentand voting unless specified otherwise in this Treaty. Whenthe issue arises as to whether the question is one ofsubstance or not, that question shall be treated as a matter

-11-

of substance unless otherwise decided by the majorityrequired for decisions on matters of substance.

23. When exercising its function under paragraph 26 (k),the Conference shall take a decision to add any State to thelist of States contained in Annex 1 to this Treaty inaccordance with the procedure for decisions on matters ofsubstance set out in paragraph 22. Notwithstandingparagraph 22, the Conference shall take decisions on anyother change to Annex 1 to this Treaty by consensus.

Powers and Functions

24. The Conference shall be the principal organ of theOrganization. It shall consider any questions, matters orissues within the scope of this Treaty, including thoserelating to the powers and functions of the ExecutiveCouncil and the Technical Secretariat, in accordance withthis Treaty. It may make recommendations and takedecisions on any questions, matters or issues within thescope of this Treaty raised by a State Party or brought to itsattention by the Executive Council.

25. The Conference shall oversee the implementation of,and review compliance with, this Treaty and act in order to

-12-

promote its object and purpose. It shall also oversee theactivities of the Executive Council and the TechnicalSecretariat and may issue guidelines to either of them forthe exercise of their functions.

26. The Conference shall:

(a) Consider and adopt the report of theOrganization on the implementation of this Treaty and theannual programme and budget of the Organization,submitted by the Executive Council, as well as considerother reports;

(b) Decide on the scale of financial contributions tobe paid by States Parties in accordance with paragraph 9;

(c) Elect the members of the Executive Council;

(d) Appoint the Director-General of the TechnicalSecretariat (hereinafter referred to as "the Director-General");

(e) Consider and approve the rules of procedure ofthe Executive Council submitted by the latter;

-13-

(f) Consider and review scientific and technologicaldevelopments that could affect the operation of this Treaty. In this context, the Conference may direct theDirector-General to establish a Scientific Advisory Board toenable him or her, in the performance of his or herfunctions, to render specialized advice in areas of scienceand technology relevant to this Treaty to the Conference, tothe Executive Council, or to States Parties. In that case, theScientific Advisory Board shall be composed of independentexperts serving in their individual capacity and appointed, inaccordance with terms of reference adopted by theConference, on the basis of their expertise and experiencein the particular scientific fields relevant to theimplementation of this Treaty;

(g) Take the necessary measures to ensurecompliance with this Treaty and to redress and remedy anysituation that contravenes the provisions of this Treaty, inaccordance with Article V;

(h) Consider and approve at its initial session anydraft agreements, arrangements, provisions, procedures,operational manuals, guidelines and any other documentsdeveloped and recommended by the PreparatoryCommission;

-14-

(i) Consider and approve agreements orarrangements negotiated by the Technical Secretariat withStates Parties, other States and international organizationsto be concluded by the Executive Council on behalf of theOrganization in accordance with paragraph 38 (h);

(j) Establish such subsidiary organs as it findsnecessary for the exercise of its functions in accordancewith this Treaty; and

(k) Update Annex 1 to this Treaty, as appropriate,in accordance with paragraph 23.

C. THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL

Composition, Procedures and Decision-making

27. The Executive Council shall consist of 51 members. Each State Party shall have the right, in accordance withthe provisions of this Article, to serve on the ExecutiveCouncil.

28. Taking into account the need for equitablegeographical distribution, the Executive Council shallcomprise:

-15-

(a) Ten States Parties from Africa;

(b) Seven States Parties from Eastern Europe;

(c) Nine States Parties from Latin America and theCaribbean;

(d) Seven States Parties from the Middle East andSouth Asia;

(e) Ten States Parties from North America andWestern Europe; and

(f) Eight States Parties from South-East Asia, thePacific and the Far East.

All States in each of the above geographical regions arelisted in Annex 1 to this Treaty. Annex 1 to this Treaty shallbe updated, as appropriate, by the Conference inaccordance with paragraphs 23 and 26 (k). It shall not besubject to amendments or changes under the procedurescontained in Article VII.

29. The members of the Executive Council shall beelected by the Conference. In this connection, each

-16-

geographical region shall designate States Parties from thatregion for election as members of the Executive Council asfollows:

(a) At least one-third of the seats allocated to eachgeographical region shall be filled, taking into accountpolitical and security interests, by States Parties in thatregion designated on the basis of the nuclear capabilitiesrelevant to the Treaty as determined by international data aswell as all or any of the following indicative criteria in theorder of priority determined by each region:

(i) Number of monitoring facilities of theInternational Monitoring System;

(ii) Expertise and experience in monitoringtechnology; and

(iii) Contribution to the annual budget ofthe Organization;

(b) One of the seats allocated to each geographicalregion shall be filled on a rotational basis by the State Partythat is first in the English alphabetical order among theStates Parties in that region that have not served as

-17-

members of the Executive Council for the longest period oftime since becoming States Parties or since their last term,whichever is shorter. A State Party designated on this basismay decide to forgo its seat. In that case, such a StateParty shall submit a letter of renunciation to the Director-General, and the seat shall be filled by the State Partyfollowing next-in-order according to this sub-paragraph; and

(c) The remaining seats allocated to eachgeographical region shall be filled by States Partiesdesignated from among all the States Parties in that regionby rotation or elections.

30. Each member of the Executive Council shall haveone representative on the Executive Council, who may beaccompanied by alternates and advisers.

31. Each member of the Executive Council shall holdoffice from the end of the session of the Conference atwhich that member is elected until the end of the secondregular annual session of the Conference thereafter, exceptthat for the first election of the Executive Council, 26members shall be elected to hold office until the end of thethird regular annual session of the Conference, due regardbeing paid to the established numerical proportions as

-18-

described in paragraph 28.

32. The Executive Council shall elaborate its rules ofprocedure and submit them to the Conference for approval.

33. The Executive Council shall elect its Chairman fromamong its members.

34. The Executive Council shall meet for regularsessions. Between regular sessions it shall meet as maybe required for the fulfilment of its powers and functions.

35. Each member of the Executive Council shall haveone vote.

36. The Executive Council shall take decisions onmatters of procedure by a majority of all its members. TheExecutive Council shall take decisions on matters ofsubstance by a two-thirds majority of all its members unlessspecified otherwise in this Treaty. When the issue arises asto whether the question is one of substance or not, thatquestion shall be treated as a matter of substance unlessotherwise decided by the majority required for decisions onmatters of substance.

-19-

Powers and Functions

37. The Executive Council shall be the executive organ ofthe Organization. It shall be responsible to the Conference. It shall carry out the powers and functions entrusted to it inaccordance with this Treaty. In so doing, it shall act inconformity with the recommendations, decisions andguidelines of the Conference and ensure their continuousand proper implementation.

38. The Executive Council shall:

(a) Promote effective implementation of, andcompliance with, this Treaty;

(b) Supervise the activities of the TechnicalSecretariat;

(c) Make recommendations as necessary to theConference for consideration of further proposals forpromoting the object and purpose of this Treaty;

(d) Cooperate with the National Authority of eachState Party;

-20-

(e) Consider and submit to the Conference the draftannual programme and budget of the Organization, the draftreport of the Organization on the implementation of thisTreaty, the report on the performance of its own activitiesand such other reports as it deems necessary or that theConference may request;

(f) Make arrangements for the sessions of theConference, including the preparation of the draft agenda;

(g) Examine proposals for changes, on matters ofan administrative or technical nature, to the Protocol or theAnnexes thereto, pursuant to Article VII, and makerecommendations to the States Parties regarding theiradoption;

(h) Conclude, subject to prior approval of theConference, agreements or arrangements with StatesParties, other States and international organizations onbehalf of the Organization and supervise theirimplementation, with the exception of agreements orarrangements referred to in sub-paragraph (i);

(i) Approve and supervise the operation ofagreements or arrangements relating to the implementation

-21-

of verification activities with States Parties and other States;and

(j) Approve any new operational manuals and anychanges to the existing operational manuals that may beproposed by the Technical Secretariat.

39. The Executive Council may request a special sessionof the Conference.

40. The Executive Council shall:

(a) Facilitate cooperation among States Parties, andbetween States Parties and the Technical Secretariat,relating to the implementation of this Treaty throughinformation exchanges;

(b) Facilitate consultation and clarification amongStates Parties in accordance with Article IV; and

(c) Receive, consider and take action on requestsfor, and reports on, on-site inspections in accordance withArticle IV.

41. The Executive Council shall consider any concern

-22-

raised by a State Party about possible non-compliance withthis Treaty and abuse of the rights established by thisTreaty. In so doing, the Executive Council shall consult withthe States Parties involved and, as appropriate, request aState Party to take measures to redress the situation withina specified time. To the extent that the Executive Councilconsiders further action to be necessary, it shall take, interalia, one or more of the following measures:

(a) Notify all States Parties of the issue or matter;

(b) Bring the issue or matter to the attention of theConference;

(c) Make recommendations to the Conference ortake action, as appropriate, regarding measures to redressthe situation and to ensure compliance in accordance withArticle V.

D. THE TECHNICAL SECRETARIAT

42. The Technical Secretariat shall assist States Partiesin the implementation of this Treaty. The TechnicalSecretariat shall assist the Conference and the ExecutiveCouncil in the performance of their functions. The Technical

-23-

Secretariat shall carry out the verification and otherfunctions entrusted to it by this Treaty, as well as thosefunctions delegated to it by the Conference or the ExecutiveCouncil in accordance with this Treaty. The TechnicalSecretariat shall include, as an integral part, theInternational Data Centre.

43. The functions of the Technical Secretariat with regardto verification of compliance with this Treaty shall, inaccordance with Article IV and the Protocol, include interalia:

(a) Being responsible for supervising andcoordinating the operation of the International MonitoringSystem;

(b) Operating the International Data Centre;

(c) Routinely receiving, processing, analysing andreporting on International Monitoring System data;

(d) Providing technical assistance in, and supportfor, the installation and operation of monitoring stations;

(e) Assisting the Executive Council in facilitating

-24-

consultation and clarification among States Parties;

(f) Receiving requests for on-site inspections andprocessing them, facilitating Executive Councilconsideration of such requests, carrying out thepreparations for, and providing technical support during, theconduct of on-site inspections, and reporting to theExecutive Council;

(g) Negotiating agreements or arrangements withStates Parties, other States and international organizationsand concluding, subject to prior approval by the ExecutiveCouncil, any such agreements or arrangements relating toverification activities with States Parties or other States; and

(h) Assisting the States Parties through theirNational Authorities on other issues of verification under thisTreaty.

44. The Technical Secretariat shall develop and maintain,subject to approval by the Executive Council, operationalmanuals to guide the operation of the various componentsof the verification regime, in accordance with Article IV andthe Protocol. These manuals shall not constitute integralparts of this Treaty or the Protocol and may be changed by

-25-

the Technical Secretariat subject to approval by theExecutive Council. The Technical Secretariat shall promptlyinform the States Parties of any changes in the operationalmanuals.

45. The functions of the Technical Secretariat withrespect to administrative matters shall include:

(a) Preparing and submitting to the ExecutiveCouncil the draft programme and budget of theOrganization;

(b) Preparing and submitting to the ExecutiveCouncil the draft report of the Organization on theimplementation of this Treaty and such other reports as theConference or the Executive Council may request;

(c) Providing administrative and technical support tothe Conference, the Executive Council and other subsidiaryorgans;

(d) Addressing and receiving communications onbehalf of the Organization relating to the implementation ofthis Treaty; and

(e) Carrying out the administrative responsibilities

-26-

related to any agreements between the Organization andother international organizations.

46. All requests and notifications by States Parties to theOrganization shall be transmitted through their NationalAuthorities to the Director-General. Requests andnotifications shall be in one of the official languages of thisTreaty. In response the Director-General shall use thelanguage of the transmitted request or notification.

47. With respect to the responsibilities of the TechnicalSecretariat for preparing and submitting to the ExecutiveCouncil the draft programme and budget of theOrganization, the Technical Secretariat shall determine andmaintain a clear accounting of all costs for each facilityestablished as part of the International Monitoring System. Similar treatment in the draft programme and budget shallbe accorded to all other activities of the Organization.

48. The Technical Secretariat shall promptly inform theExecutive Council of any problems that have arisen withregard to the discharge of its functions that have come to itsnotice in the performance of its activities and that it hasbeen unable to resolve through consultations with the StateParty concerned.

-27-

49. The Technical Secretariat shall comprise aDirector-General, who shall be its head and chiefadministrative officer, and such scientific, technical andother personnel as may be required. The Director-Generalshall be appointed by the Conference upon therecommendation of the Executive Council for a term of fouryears, renewable for one further term, but not thereafter. The first Director-General shall be appointed by theConference at its initial session upon the recommendationof the Preparatory Commission.

50. The Director-General shall be responsible to theConference and the Executive Council for the appointmentof the staff and for the organization and functioning of theTechnical Secretariat. The paramount consideration in theemployment of the staff and in the determination of theconditions of service shall be the necessity of securing thehighest standards of professional expertise, experience,efficiency, competence and integrity. Only citizens of StatesParties shall serve as the Director-General, as inspectors oras members of the professional and clerical staff. Dueregard shall be paid to the importance of recruiting the staffon as wide a geographical basis as possible. Recruitmentshall be guided by the principle that the staff shall be kept tothe minimum necessary for the proper discharge of the

-28-

responsibilities of the Technical Secretariat.

51. The Director-General may, as appropriate, afterconsultation with the Executive Council, establish temporaryworking groups of scientific experts to providerecommendations on specific issues.

52. In the performance of their duties, theDirector-General, the inspectors, the inspection assistantsand the members of the staff shall not seek or receiveinstructions from any Government or from any other sourceexternal to the Organization. They shall refrain from anyaction that might reflect adversely on their positions asinternational officers responsible only to the Organization. The Director-General shall assume responsibility for theactivities of an inspection team.

53. Each State Party shall respect the exclusivelyinternational character of the responsibilities of theDirector-General, the inspectors, the inspection assistantsand the members of the staff and shall not seek to influencethem in the discharge of their responsibilities.

-29-

E. PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES

54. The Organization shall enjoy on the territory and inany other place under the jurisdiction or control of a StateParty such legal capacity and such privileges andimmunities as are necessary for the exercise of itsfunctions.

55. Delegates of States Parties, together with theiralternates and advisers, representatives of memberselected to the Executive Council, together with theiralternates and advisers, the Director-General, theinspectors, the inspection assistants and the members ofthe staff of the Organization shall enjoy such privileges andimmunities as are necessary in the independent exercise oftheir functions in connection with the Organization.

56. The legal capacity, privileges and immunities referredto in this Article shall be defined in agreements between theOrganization and the States Parties as well as in anagreement between the Organization and the State in whichthe Organization is seated. Such agreements shall beconsidered and approved in accordance with paragraph 26(h) and (i).

-30-

57. Notwithstanding paragraphs 54 and 55, the privilegesand immunities enjoyed by the Director-General, theinspectors, the inspection assistants and the members ofthe staff of the Technical Secretariat during the conduct ofverification activities shall be those set forth in the Protocol.

-31-

ARTICLE III

NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION MEASURES

1. Each State Party shall, in accordance with itsconstitutional processes, take any necessary measures toimplement its obligations under this Treaty. In particular, itshall take any necessary measures:

(a) To prohibit natural and legal persons anywhereon its territory or in any other place under its jurisdiction asrecognized by international law from undertaking anyactivity prohibited to a State Party under this Treaty;

(b) To prohibit natural and legal persons fromundertaking any such activity anywhere under its control;and

(c) To prohibit, in conformity with international law,natural persons possessing its nationality from undertakingany such activity anywhere.

2. Each State Party shall cooperate with other StatesParties and afford the appropriate form of legal assistanceto facilitate the implementation of the obligations under

-32-

paragraph 1.

3. Each State Party shall inform the Organization of themeasures taken pursuant to this Article.

4. In order to fulfil its obligations under the Treaty, eachState Party shall designate or set up a National Authorityand shall so inform the Organization upon entry into force ofthe Treaty for it. The National Authority shall serve as thenational focal point for liaison with the Organization and withother States Parties.

-33-

ARTICLE IV

VERIFICATION

A. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1. In order to verify compliance with this Treaty, averification regime shall be established consisting of thefollowing elements:

(a) An International Monitoring System;

(b) Consultation and clarification;

(c) On-site inspections; and

(d) Confidence-building measures.

At entry into force of this Treaty, the verification regime shallbe capable of meeting the verification requirements of thisTreaty.

2. Verification activities shall be based on objectiveinformation, shall be limited to the subject matter of thisTreaty, and shall be carried out on the basis of full respect

-34-

for the sovereignty of States Parties and in the leastintrusive manner possible consistent with the effective andtimely accomplishment of their objectives. Each State Partyshall refrain from any abuse of the right of verification.

3. Each State Party undertakes in accordance with thisTreaty to cooperate, through its National Authorityestablished pursuant to Article III, paragraph 4, with theOrganization and with other States Parties to facilitate theverification of compliance with this Treaty by, inter alia:

(a) Establishing the necessary facilities toparticipate in these verification measures and establishingthe necessary communication;

(b) Providing data obtained from national stationsthat are part of the International Monitoring System;

(c) Participating, as appropriate, in a consultationand clarification process;

(d) Permitting the conduct of on-site inspections;and

(e) Participating, as appropriate, in confidence-

-35-

building measures.

4. All States Parties, irrespective of their technical andfinancial capabilities, shall enjoy the equal right ofverification and assume the equal obligation to acceptverification.

5. For the purposes of this Treaty, no State Party shallbe precluded from using information obtained by nationaltechnical means of verification in a manner consistent withgenerally recognized principles of international law,including that of respect for the sovereignty of States.

6. Without prejudice to the right of States Parties toprotect sensitive installations, activities or locations notrelated to this Treaty, States Parties shall not interfere withelements of the verification regime of this Treaty or withnational technical means of verification operating inaccordance with paragraph 5.

7. Each State Party shall have the right to takemeasures to protect sensitive installations and to preventdisclosure of confidential information and data not related tothis Treaty.

-36-

8. Moreover, all necessary measures shall be taken toprotect the confidentiality of any information related to civiland military activities and facilities obtained duringverification activities.

9. Subject to paragraph 8, information obtained by theOrganization through the verification regime established bythis Treaty shall be made available to all States Parties inaccordance with the relevant provisions of this Treaty andthe Protocol.

10. The provisions of this Treaty shall not be interpretedas restricting the international exchange of data for scientificpurposes.

11. Each State Party undertakes to cooperate with theOrganization and with other States Parties in theimprovement of the verification regime, and in theexamination of the verification potential of additionalmonitoring technologies such as electromagnetic pulsemonitoring or satellite monitoring, with a view to developing,when appropriate, specific measures to enhance theefficient and cost-effective verification of this Treaty. Suchmeasures shall, when agreed, be incorporated in existingprovisions in this Treaty, the Protocol or as additional

-37-

sections of the Protocol, in accordance with Article VII, or, ifappropriate, be reflected in the operational manuals inaccordance with Article II, paragraph 44.

12. The States Parties undertake to promote cooperationamong themselves to facilitate and participate in the fullestpossible exchange relating to technologies used in theverification of this Treaty in order to enable all States Partiesto strengthen their national implementation of verificationmeasures and to benefit from the application of suchtechnologies for peaceful purposes.

13. The provisions of this Treaty shall be implemented ina manner which avoids hampering the economic andtechnological development of the States Parties for furtherdevelopment of the application of atomic energy for peacefulpurposes.

Verification Responsibilities of the Technical Secretariat

14. In discharging its responsibilities in the area ofverification specified in this Treaty and the Protocol, incooperation with the States Parties the TechnicalSecretariat shall, for the purpose of this Treaty:

-38-

(a) Make arrangements to receive and distributedata and reporting products relevant to the verification ofthis Treaty in accordance with its provisions, and tomaintain a global communications infrastructure appropriateto this task;

(b) Routinely through its International Data Centre,which shall in principle be the focal point within theTechnical Secretariat for data storage and data processing:

(i) Receive and initiate requests for datafrom the International Monitoring System;

(ii) Receive data, as appropriate, resultingfrom the process of consultation andclarification, from on-site inspections, andfrom confidence-building measures; and

(iii) Receive other relevant data from StatesParties and international organizations inaccordance with this Treaty and theProtocol;

(c) Supervise, coordinate and ensure the operationof the International Monitoring System and its component

-39-

elements, and of the International Data Centre, inaccordance with the relevant operational manuals;

(d) Routinely process, analyse and report onInternational Monitoring System data according to agreedprocedures so as to permit the effective internationalverification of this Treaty and to contribute to the earlyresolution of compliance concerns;

(e) Make available all data, both raw andprocessed, and any reporting products, to all States Parties,each State Party taking responsibility for the use ofInternational Monitoring System data in accordance withArticle II, paragraph 7, and with paragraphs 8 and 13 of thisArticle;

(f) Provide to all States Parties equal, open,convenient and timely access to all stored data;

(g) Store all data, both raw and processed, andreporting products;

(h) Coordinate and facilitate requests for additionaldata from the International Monitoring System;

-40-

(i) Coordinate requests for additional data from oneState Party to another State Party;

(j) Provide technical assistance in, and support for,the installation and operation of monitoring facilities andrespective communication means, where such assistanceand support are required by the State concerned;

(k) Make available to any State Party, upon itsrequest, techniques utilized by the Technical Secretariatand its International Data Centre in compiling, storing,processing, analysing and reporting on data from theverification regime; and

(l) Monitor, assess and report on the overallperformance of the International Monitoring System and ofthe International Data Centre.

15. The agreed procedures to be used by the TechnicalSecretariat in discharging the verification responsibilitiesreferred to in paragraph 14 and detailed in the Protocol shallbe elaborated in the relevant operational manuals.

B. THE INTERNATIONAL MONITORING SYSTEM

-41-

16. The International Monitoring System shall comprisefacilities for seismological monitoring, radionuclidemonitoring including certified laboratories, hydroacousticmonitoring, infrasound monitoring, and respective means ofcommunication, and shall be supported by the InternationalData Centre of the Technical Secretariat.

17. The International Monitoring System shall be placedunder the authority of the Technical Secretariat. Allmonitoring facilities of the International Monitoring Systemshall be owned and operated by the States hosting orotherwise taking responsibility for them in accordance withthe Protocol.

18. Each State Party shall have the right to participate inthe international exchange of data and to have access to alldata made available to the International Data Centre. EachState Party shall cooperate with the International DataCentre through its National Authority.

Funding the International Monitoring System

19. For facilities incorporated into the InternationalMonitoring System and specified in Tables 1-A, 2-A, 3 and 4of Annex 1 to the Protocol, and for their functioning, to the

-42-

extent that such facilities are agreed by the relevant Stateand the Organization to provide data to the InternationalData Centre in accordance with the technical requirementsof the Protocol and relevant operational manuals, theOrganization, as specified in agreements or arrangementspursuant to Part I, paragraph 4 of the Protocol, shall meetthe costs of:

(a) Establishing any new facilities and upgradingexisting facilities, unless the State responsible for suchfacilities meets these costs itself;

(b) Operating and maintaining InternationalMonitoring System facilities, including facility physicalsecurity if appropriate, and application of agreed dataauthentication procedures;

(c) Transmitting International Monitoring Systemdata (raw or processed) to the International Data Centre bythe most direct and cost-effective means available,including, if necessary, via appropriate communicationsnodes, from monitoring stations, laboratories, analyticalfacilities or from national data centres; or such data(including samples where appropriate) to laboratory andanalytical facilities from monitoring stations; and

-43-

(d) Analysing samples on behalf of theOrganization.

20. For auxiliary network seismic stations specified inTable 1-B of Annex 1 to the Protocol the Organization, asspecified in agreements or arrangements pursuant to Part I,paragraph 4 of the Protocol, shall meet the costs only of:

(a) Transmitting data to the International DataCentre;

(b) Authenticating data from such stations;

(c) Upgrading stations to the required technicalstandard, unless the State responsible for such facilitiesmeets these costs itself;

(d) If necessary, establishing new stations for thepurposes of this Treaty where no appropriate facilitiescurrently exist, unless the State responsible for suchfacilities meets these costs itself; and

(e) Any other costs related to the provision of datarequired by the Organization as specified in the relevantoperational manuals.

-44-

21. The Organization shall also meet the cost of provisionto each State Party of its requested selection from thestandard range of International Data Centre reportingproducts and services, as specified in Part I, Section F ofthe Protocol. The cost of preparation and transmission ofany additional data or products shall be met by therequesting State Party.

22. The agreements or, if appropriate, arrangementsconcluded with States Parties or States hosting or otherwisetaking responsibility for facilities of the InternationalMonitoring System shall contain provisions for meetingthese costs. Such provisions may include modalitieswhereby a State Party meets any of the costs referred to inparagraphs 19 (a) and 20 (c) and (d) for facilities which ithosts or for which it is responsible, and is compensated byan appropriate reduction in its assessed financialcontribution to the Organization. Such a reduction shall notexceed 50 per cent of the annual assessed financialcontribution of a State Party, but may be spread oversuccessive years. A State Party may share such areduction with another State Party by agreement orarrangement between themselves and with the concurrenceof the Executive Council. The agreements or arrangementsreferred to in this paragraph shall be approved in

-45-

accordance with Article II, paragraphs 26 (h) and 38 (i).

Changes to the International Monitoring System

23. Any measures referred to in paragraph 11 affectingthe International Monitoring System by means of addition ordeletion of a monitoring technology shall, when agreed, beincorporated into this Treaty and the Protocol pursuant toArticle VII, paragraphs 1 to 6.

24. The following changes to the International MonitoringSystem, subject to the agreement of those States directlyaffected, shall be regarded as matters of an administrativeor technical nature pursuant to Article VII, paragraphs 7 and8:

(a) Changes to the number of facilities specified inthe Protocol for a given monitoring technology; and

(b) Changes to other details for particular facilitiesas reflected in the Tables of Annex 1 to the Protocol(including, inter alia, State responsible for the facility;location; name of facility; type of facility; and attribution of afacility between the primary and auxiliary seismic networks).

-46-

If the Executive Council recommends, pursuant to ArticleVII, paragraph 8 (d), that such changes be adopted, it shallas a rule also recommend pursuant to Article VII, paragraph8 (g), that such changes enter into force upon notification bythe Director-General of their approval.

25. The Director-General, in submitting to the ExecutiveCouncil and States Parties information and evaluation inaccordance with Article VII, paragraph 8 (b), shall include inthe case of any proposal made pursuant to paragraph 24:

(a) A technical evaluation of the proposal;

(b) A statement on the administrative and financialimpact of the proposal; and

(c) A report on consultations with States directlyaffected by the proposal, including indication of theiragreement.

Temporary Arrangements

26. In cases of significant or irretrievable breakdown of amonitoring facility specified in the Tables of Annex 1 to theProtocol, or in order to cover other temporary reductions of

-47-

monitoring coverage, the Director-General shall, inconsultation and agreement with those States directlyaffected, and with the approval of the Executive Council,initiate temporary arrangements of no more than one year'sduration, renewable if necessary by agreement of theExecutive Council and of the States directly affected foranother year. Such arrangements shall not cause thenumber of operational facilities of the InternationalMonitoring System to exceed the number specified for therelevant network; shall meet as far as possible the technicaland operational requirements specified in the operationalmanual for the relevant network; and shall be conductedwithin the budget of the Organization. The Director-Generalshall furthermore take steps to rectify the situation andmake proposals for its permanent resolution. The Director-General shall notify all States Parties of any decision takenpursuant to this paragraph.

Cooperating National Facilities

27. States Parties may also separately establishcooperative arrangements with the Organization, in order tomake available to the International Data Centresupplementary data from national monitoring stations thatare not formally part of the International Monitoring System.

-48-

28. Such cooperative arrangements may be establishedas follows:

(a) Upon request by a State Party, and at theexpense of that State, the Technical Secretariat shall takethe steps required to certify that a given monitoring facilitymeets the technical and operational requirements specifiedin the relevant operational manuals for an InternationalMonitoring System facility, and make arrangements for theauthentication of its data. Subject to the agreement of theExecutive Council, the Technical Secretariat shall thenformally designate such a facility as a cooperating nationalfacility. The Technical Secretariat shall take the stepsrequired to revalidate its certification as appropriate;

(b) The Technical Secretariat shall maintain acurrent list of cooperating national facilities and shalldistribute it to all States Parties; and

(c) The International Data Centre shall call upondata from cooperating national facilities, if so requested by aState Party, for the purposes of facilitating consultation andclarification and the consideration of on-site inspectionrequests, data transmission costs being borne by that StateParty.

-49-

The conditions under which supplementary data from suchfacilities are made available, and under which theInternational Data Centre may request further or expeditedreporting, or clarifications, shall be elaborated in theoperational manual for the respective monitoring network.

C. CONSULTATION AND CLARIFICATION

29. Without prejudice to the right of any State Party torequest an on-site inspection, States Parties should,whenever possible, first make every effort to clarify andresolve, among themselves or with or through theOrganization, any matter which may cause concern aboutpossible non-compliance with the basic obligations of thisTreaty.

30. A State Party that receives a request pursuant toparagraph 29 directly from another State Party shall providethe clarification to the requesting State Party as soon aspossible, but in any case no later than 48 hours after therequest. The requesting and requested States Parties maykeep the Executive Council and the Director-Generalinformed of the request and the response.

31. A State Party shall have the right to request the

-50-

Director-General to assist in clarifying any matter which maycause concern about possible non-compliance with thebasic obligations of this Treaty. The Director-General shallprovide appropriate information in the possession of theTechnical Secretariat relevant to such a concern. TheDirector-General shall inform the Executive Council of therequest and of the information provided in response, if sorequested by the requesting State Party.

32. A State Party shall have the right to request theExecutive Council to obtain clarification from another StateParty on any matter which may cause concern aboutpossible non-compliance with the basic obligations of thisTreaty. In such a case, the following shall apply:

(a) The Executive Council shall forward the requestfor clarification to the requested State Party through theDirector-General no later than 24 hours after its receipt;

(b) The requested State Party shall provide theclarification to the Executive Council as soon as possible,but in any case no later than 48 hours after receipt of therequest;

(c) The Executive Council shall take note of the

-51-

clarification and forward it to the requesting State Party nolater than 24 hours after its receipt;

(d) If the requesting State Party deems theclarification to be inadequate, it shall have the right torequest the Executive Council to obtain further clarificationfrom the requested State Party.

The Executive Council shall inform without delay all otherStates Parties about any request for clarification pursuant tothis paragraph as well as any response provided by therequested State Party.

33. If the requesting State Party considers theclarification obtained under paragraph 32 (d) to beunsatisfactory, it shall have the right to request a meeting ofthe Executive Council in which States Parties involved thatare not members of the Executive Council shall be entitledto take part. At such a meeting, the Executive Council shallconsider the matter and may recommend any measure inaccordance with Article V.

-52-

D. ON-SITE INSPECTIONS

Request for an On-Site Inspection

34. Each State Party has the right to request an on-siteinspection in accordance with the provisions of this Articleand Part II of the Protocol in the territory or in any otherplace under the jurisdiction or control of any State Party, orin any area beyond the jurisdiction or control of any State.

35. The sole purpose of an on-site inspection shall be toclarify whether a nuclear weapon test explosion or any othernuclear explosion has been carried out in violation of ArticleI and, to the extent possible, to gather any facts which mightassist in identifying any possible violator.

36. The requesting State Party shall be under theobligation to keep the on-site inspection request within thescope of this Treaty and to provide in the requestinformation in accordance with paragraph 37. Therequesting State Party shall refrain from unfounded orabusive inspection requests.

37. The on-site inspection request shall be based oninformation collected by the International Monitoring

-53-

System, on any relevant technical information obtained bynational technical means of verification in a mannerconsistent with generally recognized principles ofinternational law, or on a combination thereof. The requestshall contain information pursuant to Part II, paragraph 41 ofthe Protocol.

38. The requesting State Party shall present the on-siteinspection request to the Executive Council and at the sametime to the Director-General for the latter to begin immediateprocessing.

Follow-up After Submission of an On-Site InspectionRequest

39. The Executive Council shall begin its considerationimmediately upon receipt of the on-site inspection request.

40. The Director-General, after receiving the on-siteinspection request, shall acknowledge receipt of the requestto the requesting State Party within two hours andcommunicate the request to the State Party sought to beinspected within six hours. The Director-General shallascertain that the request meets the requirements specifiedin Part II, paragraph 41 of the Protocol, and, if necessary,

-54-

shall assist the requesting State Party in filing the requestaccordingly, and shall communicate the request to theExecutive Council and to all other States Parties within 24hours.

41. When the on-site inspection request fulfils therequirements, the Technical Secretariat shall beginpreparations for the on-site inspection without delay.

42. The Director-General, upon receipt of an on-siteinspection request referring to an inspection area under thejurisdiction or control of a State Party, shall immediatelyseek clarification from the State Party sought to beinspected in order to clarify and resolve the concern raisedin the request.

43. A State Party that receives a request for clarificationpursuant to paragraph 42 shall provide the Director-Generalwith explanations and with other relevant informationavailable as soon as possible, but no later than 72 hoursafter receipt of the request for clarification.

44. The Director-General, before the Executive Counciltakes a decision on the on-site inspection request, shalltransmit immediately to the Executive Council any additional

-55-

information available from the International MonitoringSystem or provided by any State Party on the eventspecified in the request, including any clarification providedpursuant to paragraphs 42 and 43, as well as any otherinformation from within the Technical Secretariat that theDirector-General deems relevant or that is requested by theExecutive Council.

45. Unless the requesting State Party considers theconcern raised in the on-site inspection request to beresolved and withdraws the request, the Executive Councilshall take a decision on the request in accordance withparagraph 46.

Executive Council Decisions

46. The Executive Council shall take a decision on theon-site inspection request no later than 96 hours afterreceipt of the request from the requesting State Party. Thedecision to approve the on-site inspection shall be made byat least 30 affirmative votes of members of the ExecutiveCouncil. If the Executive Council does not approve theinspection, preparations shall be stopped and no furtheraction on the request shall be taken.

-56-

47. No later than 25 days after the approval of the on-siteinspection in accordance with paragraph 46, the inspectionteam shall transmit to the Executive Council, through theDirector-General, a progress inspection report. Thecontinuation of the inspection shall be considered approvedunless the Executive Council, no later than 72 hours afterreceipt of the progress inspection report, decides by amajority of all its members not to continue the inspection. Ifthe Executive Council decides not to continue theinspection, the inspection shall be terminated, and theinspection team shall leave the inspection area and theterritory of the inspected State Party as soon as possible inaccordance with Part II, paragraphs 109 and 110 of theProtocol.

48. In the course of the on-site inspection, the inspectionteam may submit to the Executive Council, through theDirector-General, a proposal to conduct drilling. TheExecutive Council shall take a decision on such a proposalno later than 72 hours after receipt of the proposal. Thedecision to approve drilling shall be made by a majority of allmembers of the Executive Council.

49. The inspection team may request the ExecutiveCouncil, through the Director-General, to extend the

-57-

inspection duration by a maximum of 70 days beyond the60-day time-frame specified in Part II, paragraph 4 of theProtocol, if the inspection team considers such an extensionessential to enable it to fulfil its mandate. The inspectionteam shall indicate in its request which of the activities andtechniques listed in Part II, paragraph 69 of the Protocol itintends to carry out during the extension period. TheExecutive Council shall take a decision on the extensionrequest no later than 72 hours after receipt of the request. The decision to approve an extension of the inspectionduration shall be made by a majority of all members of theExecutive Council.

50. Any time following the approval of the continuation ofthe on-site inspection in accordance with paragraph 47, theinspection team may submit to the Executive Council,through the Director-General, a recommendation toterminate the inspection. Such a recommendation shall beconsidered approved unless the Executive Council, no laterthan 72 hours after receipt of the recommendation, decidesby a two-thirds majority of all its members not to approvethe termination of the inspection. In case of termination ofthe inspection, the inspection team shall leave theinspection area and the territory of the inspected State Partyas soon as possible in accordance with Part II,

-58-

paragraphs 109 and 110 of the Protocol.

51. The requesting State Party and the State Partysought to be inspected may participate in the deliberationsof the Executive Council on the on-site inspection requestwithout voting. The requesting State Party and theinspected State Party may also participate without voting inany subsequent deliberations of the Executive Councilrelated to the inspection.

52. The Director-General shall notify all States Partieswithin 24 hours about any decision by and reports,proposals, requests and recommendations to the ExecutiveCouncil pursuant to paragraphs 46 to 50.

Follow-up After Executive Council Approval ofan On-Site Inspection

53. An on-site inspection approved by the ExecutiveCouncil shall be conducted without delay by an inspectionteam designated by the Director-General and in accordancewith the provisions of this Treaty and the Protocol. Theinspection team shall arrive at the point of entry no laterthan six days following the receipt by the Executive Councilof the on-site inspection request from the requesting StateParty.

-59-

54. The Director-General shall issue an inspectionmandate for the conduct of the on-site inspection. Theinspection mandate shall contain the information specified inPart II, paragraph 42 of the Protocol.

55. The Director-General shall notify the inspected StateParty of the inspection no less than 24 hours before theplanned arrival of the inspection team at the point of entry,in accordance with Part II, paragraph 43 of the Protocol.

The Conduct of an On-Site Inspection

56. Each State Party shall permit the Organization toconduct an on-site inspection on its territory or at placesunder its jurisdiction or control in accordance with theprovisions of this Treaty and the Protocol. However, noState Party shall have to accept simultaneous on-siteinspections on its territory or at places under its jurisdictionor control.

57. In accordance with the provisions of this Treaty andthe Protocol, the inspected State Party shall have:

(a) The right and the obligation to make everyreasonable effort to demonstrate its compliance with this

-60-

Treaty and, to this end, to enable the inspection team to fulfilits mandate;

(b) The right to take measures it deems necessaryto protect national security interests and to preventdisclosure of confidential information not related to thepurpose of the inspection;

(c) The obligation to provide access within theinspection area for the sole purpose of determining factsrelevant to the purpose of the inspection, taking into accountsub-paragraph (b) and any constitutional obligations it mayhave with regard to proprietary rights or searches andseizures;

(d) The obligation not to invoke this paragraph orPart II, paragraph 88 of the Protocol to conceal any violationof its obligations under Article I; and

(e) The obligation not to impede the ability of theinspection team to move within the inspection area and tocarry out inspection activities in accordance with this Treatyand the Protocol.

Access, in the context of an on-site inspection, means both

-61-

the physical access of the inspection team and theinspection equipment to, and the conduct of inspectionactivities within, the inspection area.

58. The on-site inspection shall be conducted in the leastintrusive manner possible, consistent with the efficient andtimely accomplishment of the inspection mandate, and inaccordance with the procedures set forth in the Protocol. Wherever possible, the inspection team shall begin with theleast intrusive procedures and then proceed to moreintrusive procedures only as it deems necessary to collectsufficient information to clarify the concern about possiblenon-compliance with this Treaty. The inspectors shall seekonly the information and data necessary for the purpose ofthe inspection and shall seek to minimize interference withnormal operations of the inspected State Party.59. The inspected State Party shall assist the inspectionteam throughout the on-site inspection and facilitate its task.

60. If the inspected State Party, acting in accordance withPart II, paragraphs 86 to 96 of the Protocol, restricts accesswithin the inspection area, it shall make every reasonableeffort in consultations with the inspection team todemonstrate through alternative means its compliance withthis Treaty.

-62-

Observer

61. With regard to an observer, the following shall apply:

(a) The requesting State Party, subject to theagreement of the inspected State Party, may send arepresentative, who shall be a national either of therequesting State Party or of a third State Party, to observethe conduct of the on-site inspection;

(b) The inspected State Party shall notify itsacceptance or non-acceptance of the proposed observer tothe Director-General within 12 hours after approval of theon-site inspection by the Executive Council;

(c) In case of acceptance, the inspected State Partyshall grant access to the observer in accordance with theProtocol;

(d) The inspected State Party shall, as a rule,accept the proposed observer, but if the inspected StateParty exercises a refusal, that fact shall be recorded in theinspection report.

There shall be no more than three observers from an

-63-

aggregate of requesting States Parties.

Reports of an On-Site Inspection

62. Inspection reports shall contain:

(a) A description of the activities conducted by theinspection team;

(b) The factual findings of the inspection teamrelevant to the purpose of the inspection;

(c) An account of the cooperation granted duringthe on-site inspection;

(d) A factual description of the extent of the accessgranted, including the alternative means provided to theteam, during the on-site inspection; and

(e) Any other details relevant to the purpose of theinspection.

Differing observations made by inspectors may be attachedto the report.

63. The Director-General shall make draft inspection

-64-

reports available to the inspected State Party. Theinspected State Party shall have the right to provide theDirector-General within 48 hours with its comments andexplanations, and to identify any information and datawhich, in its view, are not related to the purpose of theinspection and should not be circulated outside theTechnical Secretariat. The Director-General shall considerthe proposals for changes to the draft inspection reportmade by the inspected State Party and shall whereverpossible incorporate them. The Director-General shall alsoannex the comments and explanations provided by theinspected State Party to the inspection report.

64. The Director-General shall promptly transmit theinspection report to the requesting State Party, theinspected State Party, the Executive Council and to all otherStates Parties. The Director-General shall further transmitpromptly to the Executive Council and to all other StatesParties any results of sample analysis in designatedlaboratories in accordance with Part II, paragraph 104 of theProtocol, relevant data from the International MonitoringSystem, the assessments of the requesting and inspectedStates Parties, as well as any other information that theDirector-General deems relevant. In the case of theprogress inspection report referred to in paragraph 47, the

-65-

Director-General shall transmit the report to the ExecutiveCouncil within the time-frame specified in that paragraph.

65. The Executive Council, in accordance with its powersand functions, shall review the inspection report and anymaterial provided pursuant to paragraph 64, and shalladdress any concerns as to:

(a) Whether any non-compliance with this Treatyhas occurred; and

(b) Whether the right to request an on-siteinspection has been abused.

66. If the Executive Council reaches the conclusion, inkeeping with its powers and functions, that further actionmay be necessary with regard to paragraph 65, it shall takethe appropriate measures in accordance with Article V.

Frivolous or Abusive On-Site Inspection Requests

67. If the Executive Council does not approve the on-siteinspection on the basis that the on-site inspection request isfrivolous or abusive, or if the inspection is terminated for thesame reasons, the Executive Council shall consider and

-66-

decide on whether to implement appropriate measures toredress the situation, including the following:

(a) Requiring the requesting State Party to pay forthe cost of any preparations made by the TechnicalSecretariat;

(b) Suspending the right of the requesting StateParty to request an on-site inspection for a period of time,as determined by the Executive Council; and

(c) Suspending the right of the requesting StateParty to serve on the Executive Council for a period of time.

E. CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES

68. In order to:

(a) Contribute to the timely resolution of anycompliance concerns arising from possible misinterpretationof verification data relating to chemical explosions; and

(b) Assist in the calibration of the stations that arepart of the component networks of the InternationalMonitoring System,

-67-

each State Party undertakes to cooperate with theOrganization and with other States Parties in implementingrelevant measures as set out in Part III of the Protocol.

-68-

ARTICLE V

MEASURES TO REDRESS A SITUATION AND TOENSURE

COMPLIANCE, INCLUDING SANCTIONS

1. The Conference, taking into account, inter alia, therecommendations of the Executive Council, shall take thenecessary measures, as set forth in paragraphs 2 and 3, toensure compliance with this Treaty and to redress andremedy any situation which contravenes the provisions ofthis Treaty.

2. In cases where a State Party has been requested bythe Conference or the Executive Council to redress asituation raising problems with regard to its compliance andfails to fulfil the request within the specified time, theConference may, inter alia, decide to restrict or suspend theState Party from the exercise of its rights and privilegesunder this Treaty until the Conference decides otherwise.

3. In cases where damage to the object and purpose ofthis Treaty may result from non-compliance with the basicobligations of this Treaty, the Conference may recommendto States Parties collective measures which are in

-69-

conformity with international law.

4. The Conference, or alternatively, if the case is urgent,the Executive Council, may bring the issue, includingrelevant information and conclusions, to the attention of theUnited Nations.

-70-

ARTICLE VI

SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES

1. Disputes that may arise concerning the application orthe interpretation of this Treaty shall be settled inaccordance with the relevant provisions of this Treaty and inconformity with the provisions of the Charter of theUnited Nations.

2. When a dispute arises between two or more StatesParties, or between one or more States Parties and theOrganization, relating to the application or interpretation ofthis Treaty, the parties concerned shall consult together witha view to the expeditious settlement of the dispute bynegotiation or by other peaceful means of the parties'choice, including recourse to appropriate organs of thisTreaty and, by mutual consent, referral to the InternationalCourt of Justice in conformity with the Statute of the Court. The parties involved shall keep the Executive Councilinformed of actions being taken.

3. The Executive Council may contribute to thesettlement of a dispute that may arise concerning theapplication or interpretation of this Treaty by whatever

-71-

means it deems appropriate, including offering its goodoffices, calling upon the States Parties to a dispute to seeka settlement through a process of their own choice, bringingthe matter to the attention of the Conference andrecommending a time-limit for any agreed procedure.

4. The Conference shall consider questions related todisputes raised by States Parties or brought to its attentionby the Executive Council. The Conference shall, as it findsnecessary, establish or entrust organs with tasks related tothe settlement of these disputes in conformity with Article II,paragraph 26 (j).

5. The Conference and the Executive Council areseparately empowered, subject to authorization from theGeneral Assembly of the United Nations, to request theInternational Court of Justice to give an advisory opinion onany legal question arising within the scope of the activitiesof the Organization. An agreement between theOrganization and the United Nations shall be concluded forthis purpose in accordance with Article II, paragraph 38 (h).

6. This Article is without prejudice to Articles IV and V.

-72-

ARTICLE VII

AMENDMENTS

1. At any time after the entry into force of this Treaty,any State Party may propose amendments to this Treaty,the Protocol, or the Annexes to the Protocol. Any StateParty may also propose changes, in accordance withparagraph 7, to the Protocol or the Annexes thereto. Proposals for amendments shall be subject to theprocedures in paragraphs 2 to 6. Proposals for changes, inaccordance with paragraph 7, shall be subject to theprocedures in paragraph 8.

2. The proposed amendment shall be considered andadopted only by an Amendment Conference.

3. Any proposal for an amendment shall becommunicated to the Director-General, who shall circulate itto all States Parties and the Depositary and seek the viewsof the States Parties on whether an AmendmentConference should be convened to consider the proposal. If a majority of the States Parties notify the Director-Generalno later than 30 days after its circulation that they supportfurther consideration of the proposal, the Director-General

-73-

shall convene an Amendment Conference to which allStates Parties shall be invited.

4. The Amendment Conference shall be heldimmediately following a regular session of the Conferenceunless all States Parties that support the convening of anAmendment Conference request that it be held earlier. Inno case shall an Amendment Conference be held less than60 days after the circulation of the proposed amendment.

5. Amendments shall be adopted by the AmendmentConference by a positive vote of a majority of the StatesParties with no State Party casting a negative vote.

6. Amendments shall enter into force for all StatesParties 30 days after deposit of the instruments ofratification or acceptance by all those States Parties castinga positive vote at the Amendment Conference.

7. In order to ensure the viability and effectiveness ofthis Treaty, Parts I and III of the Protocol and Annexes 1and 2 to the Protocol shall be subject to changes inaccordance with paragraph 8, if the proposed changes arerelated only to matters of an administrative or technicalnature. All other provisions of the Protocol and the Annexes

-74-

thereto shall not be subject to changes in accordance withparagraph 8.

8. Proposed changes referred to in paragraph 7 shall bemade in accordance with the following procedures:

(a) The text of the proposed changes shall betransmitted together with the necessary information to theDirector-General. Additional information for the evaluationof the proposal may be provided by any State Party and theDirector-General. The Director-General shall promptlycommunicate any such proposals and information to allStates Parties, the Executive Council and the Depositary;

(b) No later than 60 days after its receipt, theDirector-General shall evaluate the proposal to determine allits possible consequences for the provisions of this Treatyand its implementation and shall communicate any suchinformation to all States Parties and the Executive Council;

(c) The Executive Council shall examine theproposal in the light of all information available to it,including whether the proposal fulfils the requirements ofparagraph 7. No later than 90 days after its receipt, theExecutive Council shall notify its recommendation, with

-75-

appropriate explanations, to all States Parties forconsideration. States Parties shall acknowledge receiptwithin 10 days;

(d) If the Executive Council recommends to allStates Parties that the proposal be adopted, it shall beconsidered approved if no State Party objects to it within 90days after receipt of the recommendation. If the ExecutiveCouncil recommends that the proposal be rejected, it shallbe considered rejected if no State Party objects to therejection within 90 days after receipt of therecommendation;

(e) If a recommendation of the Executive Councildoes not meet with the acceptance required under sub-paragraph (d), a decision on the proposal, including whetherit fulfils the requirements of paragraph 7, shall be taken as amatter of substance by the Conference at its next session;

(f) The Director-General shall notify all StatesParties and the Depositary of any decision under thisparagraph;

(g) Changes approved under this procedure shallenter into force for all States Parties 180 days after the date

-76-

of notification by the Director-General of their approvalunless another time period is recommended by theExecutive Council or decided by the Conference.

-77-

ARTICLE VIII

REVIEW OF THE TREATY

1. Unless otherwise decided by a majority of the StatesParties, ten years after the entry into force of this Treaty aConference of the States Parties shall be held to review theoperation and effectiveness of this Treaty, with a view toassuring itself that the objectives and purposes in thePreamble and the provisions of the Treaty are beingrealized. Such review shall take into account any newscientific and technological developments relevant to thisTreaty. On the basis of a request by any State Party, theReview Conference shall consider the possibility ofpermitting the conduct of underground nuclear explosionsfor peaceful purposes. If the Review Conference decidesby consensus that such nuclear explosions may bepermitted, it shall commence work without delay, with a viewto recommending to States Parties an appropriateamendment to this Treaty that shall preclude any militarybenefits of such nuclear explosions. Any such proposedamendment shall be communicated to the Director-Generalby any State Party and shall be dealt with in accordancewith the provisions of Article VII.

-78-

2. At intervals of ten years thereafter, further ReviewConferences may be convened with the same objective, ifthe Conference so decides as a matter of procedure in thepreceding year. Such Conferences may be convened afteran interval of less than ten years if so decided by theConference as a matter of substance.

3. Normally, any Review Conference shall be heldimmediately following the regular annual session of theConference provided for in Article II.

-79-

ARTICLE IX

DURATION AND WITHDRAWAL

1. This Treaty shall be of unlimited duration.

2. Each State Party shall, in exercising its nationalsovereignty, have the right to withdraw from this Treaty if itdecides that extraordinary events related to the subjectmatter of this Treaty have jeopardized its supreme interests.

3. Withdrawal shall be effected by giving notice sixmonths in advance to all other States Parties, the ExecutiveCouncil, the Depositary and the United Nations SecurityCouncil. Notice of withdrawal shall include a statement ofthe extraordinary event or events which a State Partyregards as jeopardizing its supreme interests.

-80-

ARTICLE X

STATUS OF THE PROTOCOL AND THE ANNEXES

The Annexes to this Treaty, the Protocol, and theAnnexes to the Protocol form an integral part of the Treaty. Any reference to this Treaty includes the Annexes to thisTreaty, the Protocol and the Annexes to the Protocol.

-81-

ARTICLE XI

SIGNATURE

This Treaty shall be open to all States for signaturebefore its entry into force.

-82-

ARTICLE XII

RATIFICATION

This Treaty shall be subject to ratification by StatesSignatories according to their respective constitutionalprocesses.

-83-

ARTICLE XIII

ACCESSION

Any State which does not sign this Treaty before itsentry into force may accede to it at any time thereafter.

-84-

ARTICLE XIV

ENTRY INTO FORCE

1. This Treaty shall enter into force 180 days after thedate of deposit of the instruments of ratification by all Stateslisted in Annex 2 to this Treaty, but in no case earlier thantwo years after its opening for signature.

2. If this Treaty has not entered into force three yearsafter the date of the anniversary of its opening for signature,the Depositary shall convene a Conference of the Statesthat have already deposited their instruments of ratificationupon the request of a majority of those States. ThatConference shall examine the extent to which therequirement set out in paragraph 1 has been met and shallconsider and decide by consensus what measuresconsistent with international law may be undertaken toaccelerate the ratification process in order to facilitate theearly entry into force of this Treaty.

3. Unless otherwise decided by the Conference referredto in paragraph 2 or other such conferences, this processshall be repeated at subsequent anniversaries of theopening for signature of this Treaty, until its entry into force.

-85-

4. All States Signatories shall be invited to attend theConference referred to in paragraph 2 and any subsequentconferences as referred to in paragraph 3, as observers.

5. For States whose instruments of ratification oraccession are deposited subsequent to the entry into forceof this Treaty, it shall enter into force on the 30th dayfollowing the date of deposit of their instruments ofratification or accession.

-86-

ARTICLE XV

RESERVATIONS

The Articles of and the Annexes to this Treaty shallnot be subject to reservations. The provisions of theProtocol to this Treaty and the Annexes to the Protocol shallnot be subject to reservations incompatible with the objectand purpose of this Treaty.

-87-

ARTICLE XVI

DEPOSITARY

1. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall bethe Depositary of this Treaty and shall receive signatures,instruments of ratification and instruments of accession.

2. The Depositary shall promptly inform all StatesSignatories and acceding States of the date of eachsignature, the date of deposit of each instrument ofratification or accession, the date of the entry into force ofthis Treaty and of any amendments and changes thereto,and the receipt of other notices.

3. The Depositary shall send duly certified copies of thisTreaty to the Governments of the States Signatories andacceding States.

4. This Treaty shall be registered by the Depositarypursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.

-88-

ARTICLE XVII

AUTHENTIC TEXTS

This Treaty, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English,French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic,shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of theUnited Nations.

-89-

ANNEX 1 TO THE TREATY

LIST OF STATES PURSUANT TO ARTICLE II,PARAGRAPH 28

Africa

Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi,Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,Comoros, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, EquatorialGuinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan ArabJamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania,Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,Rwanda, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, SierraLeone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Togo,Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zaire,Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Eastern Europe

Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia andHerzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia,Georgia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Republic ofMoldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia,

-90-

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Ukraine,Yugoslavia.

Latin America and the Caribbean

Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados,Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica,Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kittsand Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Middle East and South Asia

Afghanistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran(Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakstan,Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Maldives, Nepal, Oman,Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syrian ArabRepublic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates,Uzbekistan, Yemen.

-91-

North America and Western Europe

Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Denmark,Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Iceland,Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco,Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom of GreatBritain and Northern Ireland, United States of America.

South East Asia, the Pacific and the Far East

Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, CookIslands, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Fiji,Indonesia, Japan, Kiribati, Lao People's DemocraticRepublic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Micronesia(Federated States of), Mongolia, Myanmar, Nauru, NewZealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines,Republic of Korea, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands,Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Viet Nam.

-92-

ANNEX 2 TO THE TREATY

LIST OF STATES PURSUANT TO ARTICLE XIV

List of States members of the Conference onDisarmament as at 18 June 1996 which formallyparticipated in the work of the 1996 session of theConference and which appear in Table 1 of the InternationalAtomic Energy Agency's April 1996 edition of "NuclearPower Reactors in the World", and of States members ofthe Conference on Disarmament as at 18 June 1996 whichformally participated in the work of the 1996 session of theConference and which appear in Table 1 of the InternationalAtomic Energy Agency's December 1995 edition of "NuclearResearch Reactors in the World":

Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium,Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia,Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Egypt, Finland,France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (IslamicRepublic of), Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands,Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Romania, Republic ofKorea, Russian Federation, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom ofGreat Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of

-93-

America, Viet Nam, Zaire.

-94-

PROTOCOL TO THE COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEARTEST-BAN TREATY

PART I

THE INTERNATIONAL MONITORING SYSTEM ANDINTERNATIONAL DATA CENTRE FUNCTIONS

A. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1. The International Monitoring System shall comprisemonitoring facilities as set out in Article IV, paragraph 16,and respective means of communication.

2. The monitoring facilities incorporated into theInternational Monitoring System shall consist of thosefacilities specified in Annex 1 to this Protocol. TheInternational Monitoring System shall fulfil the technical andoperational requirements specified in the relevantoperational manuals.

3. The Organization, in accordance with Article II, shall,in cooperation and consultation with the States Parties, withother States, and with international organizations asappropriate, establish and coordinate the operation and

-95-

maintenance, and any future agreed modification ordevelopment of the International Monitoring System.

4. In accordance with appropriate agreements orarrangements and procedures, a State Party or other Statehosting or otherwise taking responsibility for InternationalMonitoring System facilities and the Technical Secretariatshall agree and cooperate in establishing, operating,upgrading, financing, and maintaining monitoring facilities,related certified laboratories and respective means ofcommunication within areas under its jurisdiction or controlor elsewhere in conformity with international law. Suchcooperation shall be in accordance with the security andauthentication requirements and technical specificationscontained in the relevant operational manuals. Such a Stateshall give the Technical Secretariat authority to access amonitoring facility for checking equipment andcommunication links, and shall agree to make thenecessary changes in the equipment and the operationalprocedures to meet agreed requirements. The TechnicalSecretariat shall provide to such States appropriatetechnical assistance as is deemed by the Executive Councilto be required for the proper functioning of the facility as partof the International Monitoring System.

-96-

5. Modalities for such cooperation between theOrganization and States Parties or States hosting orotherwise taking responsibility for facilities of theInternational Monitoring System shall be set out inagreements or arrangements as appropriate in each case.

B. SEISMOLOGICAL MONITORING

6. Each State Party undertakes to cooperate in aninternational exchange of seismological data to assist in theverification of compliance with this Treaty. This cooperationshall include the establishment and operation of a globalnetwork of primary and auxiliary seismological monitoringstations. These stations shall provide data in accordancewith agreed procedures to the International Data Centre.

7. The network of primary stations shall consist of the 50stations specified in Table 1-A of Annex 1 to this Protocol. These stations shall fulfil the technical and operationalrequirements specified in the Operational Manual forSeismological Monitoring and the International Exchange ofSeismological Data. Uninterrupted data from the primarystations shall be transmitted, directly or through a nationaldata centre, on-line to the International Data Centre.

-97-

8. To supplement the primary network, an auxiliarynetwork of 120 stations shall provide information, directly orthrough a national data centre, to the International DataCentre upon request. The auxiliary stations to be used arelisted in Table 1-B of Annex 1 to this Protocol. The auxiliarystations shall fulfil the technical and operationalrequirements specified in the Operational Manual forSeismological Monitoring and the International Exchange ofSeismological Data. Data from the auxiliary stations may atany time be requested by the International Data Centre andshall be immediately available through on-line computerconnections.

C. RADIONUCLIDE MONITORING

9. Each State Party undertakes to cooperate in aninternational exchange of data on radionuclides in theatmosphere to assist in the verification of compliance withthis Treaty. This cooperation shall include theestablishment and operation of a global network ofradionuclide monitoring stations and certified laboratories. The network shall provide data in accordance with agreedprocedures to the International Data Centre.

10. The network of stations to measure radionuclides in

-98-

the atmosphere shall comprise an overall network of 80stations, as specified in Table 2-A of Annex 1 to thisProtocol. All stations shall be capable of monitoring for thepresence of relevant particulate matter in the atmosphere. Forty of these stations shall also be capable of monitoringfor the presence of relevant noble gases upon the entry intoforce of this Treaty. For this purpose the Conference, at itsinitial session, shall approve a recommendation by thePreparatory Commission as to which 40 stations from Table2-A of Annex 1 to this Protocol shall be capable of noblegas monitoring. At its first regular annual session, theConference shall consider and decide on a plan forimplementing noble gas monitoring capability throughout thenetwork. The Director-General shall prepare a report to theConference on the modalities for such implementation. Allmonitoring stations shall fulfil the technical and operationalrequirements specified in the Operational Manual forRadionuclide Monitoring and the International Exchange ofRadionuclide Data.

11. The network of radionuclide monitoring stations shallbe supported by laboratories, which shall be certified by theTechnical Secretariat in accordance with the relevantoperational manual for the performance, on contract to theOrganization and on a fee-for-service basis, of the analysis

-99-

of samples from radionuclide monitoring stations. Laboratories specified in Table 2-B of Annex 1 to thisProtocol, and appropriately equipped, shall, as required,also be drawn upon by the Technical Secretariat to performadditional analysis of samples from radionuclide monitoringstations. With the agreement of the Executive Council,further laboratories may be certified by the TechnicalSecretariat to perform the routine analysis of samples frommanual monitoring stations where necessary. All certifiedlaboratories shall provide the results of such analysis to theInternational Data Centre, and in so doing shall fulfil thetechnical and operational requirements specified in theOperational Manual on Radionuclide Monitoring and theInternational Exchange of Radionuclide Data.

D. HYDROACOUSTIC MONITORING

12. Each State Party undertakes to cooperate in aninternational exchange of hydroacoustic data to assist in theverification of compliance with this Treaty. This cooperationshall include the establishment and operation of a globalnetwork of hydroacoustic monitoring stations. Thesestations shall provide data in accordance with agreedprocedures to the International Data Centre.

-100-

13. The network of hydroacoustic stations shall consist ofthe stations specified in Table 3 of Annex 1 to this Protocol,and shall comprise an overall network of six hydrophoneand five T-phase stations. These stations shall fulfil thetechnical and operational requirements specified in theOperational Manual for Hydroacoustic Monitoring and theInternational Exchange of Hydroacoustic Data.

E. INFRASOUND MONITORING

14. Each State Party undertakes to cooperate in aninternational exchange of infrasound data to assist in theverification of compliance with this Treaty. This cooperationshall include the establishment and operation of a globalnetwork of infrasound monitoring stations. These stationsshall provide data in accordance with agreed procedures tothe International Data Centre.

15. The network of infrasound stations shall consist of thestations specified in Table 4 of Annex 1 to this Protocol, andshall comprise an overall network of 60 stations. Thesestations shall fulfil the technical and operationalrequirements specified in the Operational Manual forInfrasound Monitoring and the International Exchange ofInfrasound Data.

-101-

F. INTERNATIONAL DATA CENTRE FUNCTIONS

16. The International Data Centre shall receive, collect,process, analyse, report on and archive data fromInternational Monitoring System facilities, including theresults of analysis conducted at certified laboratories.

17. The procedures and standard event screening criteriato be used by the International Data Centre in carrying outits agreed functions, in particular for the production ofstandard reporting products and for the performance of astandard range of services for States Parties, shall beelaborated in the Operational Manual for the InternationalData Centre and shall be progressively developed. Theprocedures and criteria developed initially by thePreparatory Commission shall be approved by theConference at its initial session.

International Data Centre Standard Products

18. The International Data Centre shall apply on a routinebasis automatic processing methods and interactive humananalysis to raw International Monitoring System data inorder to produce and archive standard International DataCentre products on behalf of all States Parties. These

-102-

products shall be provided at no cost to States Parties andshall be without prejudice to final judgements with regard tothe nature of any event, which shall remain theresponsibility of States Parties, and shall include:

(a) Integrated lists of all signals detected by theInternational Monitoring System, as well as standard eventlists and bulletins, including the values and associateduncertainties calculated for each event located by theInternational Data Centre, based on a set of standardparameters;

(b) Standard screened event bulletins that resultfrom the application to each event by the International DataCentre of standard event screening criteria, making use ofthe characterization parameters specified in Annex 2 to thisProtocol, with the objective of characterizing, highlighting inthe standard event bulletin, and thereby screening out,events considered to be consistent with natural phenomenaor non-nuclear, man-made phenomena. The standardevent bulletin shall indicate numerically for each event thedegree to which that event meets or does not meet theevent screening criteria. In applying standard eventscreening, the International Data Centre shall use bothglobal and supplementary screening criteria to take account

-103-

of regional variations where applicable. The InternationalData Centre shall progressively enhance its technicalcapabilities as experience is gained in the operation of theInternational Monitoring System;

(c) Executive summaries, which summarize thedata acquired and archived by the International DataCentre, the products of the International Data Centre, andthe performance and operational status of the InternationalMonitoring System and International Data Centre; and

(d) Extracts or subsets of the standard InternationalData Centre products specified in sub-paragraphs (a) to (c),selected according to the request of an individual StateParty.

19. The International Data Centre shall carry out, at nocost to States Parties, special studies to provide in-depth,technical review by expert analysis of data from theInternational Monitoring System, if requested by theOrganization or by a State Party, to improve the estimatedvalues for the standard signal and event parameters.

International Data Centre Services to States Parties

20. The International Data Centre shall provide States

-104-

Parties with open, equal, timely and convenient access to allInternational Monitoring System data, raw or processed, allInternational Data Centre products, and all otherInternational Monitoring System data in the archive of theInternational Data Centre or, through the International DataCentre, of International Monitoring System facilities. Themethods for supporting data access and the provision ofdata shall include the following services:

(a) Automatic and regular forwarding to a StateParty of the products of the International Data Centre or theselection by the State Party thereof, and, as requested, theselection by the State Party of International MonitoringSystem data;

(b) The provision of the data or products generatedin response to ad hoc requests by States Parties for theretrieval from the International Data Centre and InternationalMonitoring System facility archives of data and products,including interactive electronic access to the InternationalData Centre database; and

(c) Assisting individual States Parties, at theirrequest and at no cost for reasonable efforts, with experttechnical analysis of International Monitoring System data

-105-

and other relevant data provided by the requesting StateParty, in order to help the State Party concerned to identifythe source of specific events. The output of any suchtechnical analysis shall be considered a product of therequesting State Party, but shall be available to all StatesParties.

The International Data Centre services specified in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) shall be made available at no cost toeach State Party. The volumes and formats of data shall beset out in the Operational Manual for the International DataCentre.

National Event Screening

21. The International Data Centre shall, if requested by aState Party, apply to any of its standard products, on aregular and automatic basis, national event screeningcriteria established by that State Party, and provide theresults of such analysis to that State Party. This serviceshall be undertaken at no cost to the requesting State Party. The output of such national event screening processes shallbe considered a product of the requesting State Party.

Technical Assistance

-106-

22. The International Data Centre shall, where required,provide technical assistance to individual States Parties:

(a) In formulating their requirements for selectionand screening of data and products;

(b) By installing at the International Data Centre, atno cost to a requesting State Party for reasonable efforts,computer algorithms or software provided by that StateParty to compute new signal and event parameters that arenot included in the Operational Manual for the InternationalData Centre, the output being considered products of therequesting State Party; and

(c) By assisting States Parties to develop thecapability to receive, process and analyse InternationalMonitoring System data at a national data centre.

23. The International Data Centre shall continuouslymonitor and report on the operational status of theInternational Monitoring System facilities, ofcommunications links, and of its own processing systems. It shall provide immediate notification to those responsibleshould the operational performance of any component fail to

-107-

meet agreed levels set out in the relevant operationalmanual.

-108-

PART II

ON-SITE INSPECTIONS

A. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1. The procedures in this Part shall be implementedpursuant to the provisions for on-site inspections set out inArticle IV.

2. The on-site inspection shall be carried out in the areawhere the event that triggered the on-site inspection requestoccurred.

3. The area of an on-site inspection shall be continuousand its size shall not exceed 1,000 square kilometres. There shall be no linear distance greater than 50 kilometresin any direction.

4. The duration of an on-site inspection shall not exceed60 days from the date of the approval of the on-siteinspection request in accordance with Article IV, paragraph46, but may be extended by a maximum of 70 days inaccordance with Article IV, paragraph 49.

-109-

5. If the inspection area specified in the inspectionmandate extends to the territory or other place under thejurisdiction or control of more than one State Party, theprovisions on on-site inspections shall, as appropriate,apply to each of the States Parties to which the inspectionarea extends.

6. In cases where the inspection area is under thejurisdiction or control of the inspected State Party but islocated on the territory of another State Party or where theaccess from the point of entry to the inspection arearequires transit through the territory of a State Party otherthan the inspected State Party, the inspected State Partyshall exercise the rights and fulfil the obligations concerningsuch inspections in accordance with this Protocol. In sucha case, the State Party on whose territory the inspectionarea is located shall facilitate the inspection and shallprovide for the necessary support to enable the inspectionteam to carry out its tasks in a timely and effective manner. States Parties through whose territory transit is required toreach the inspection area shall facilitate such transit.

7. In cases where the inspection area is under thejurisdiction or control of the inspected State Party but islocated on the territory of a State not Party to this Treaty,

-110-

the inspected State Party shall take all necessary measuresto ensure that the inspection can be carried out inaccordance with this Protocol. A State Party that has underits jurisdiction or control one or more areas on the territoryof a State not Party to this Treaty shall take all necessarymeasures to ensure acceptance by the State on whoseterritory the inspection area is located of inspectors andinspection assistants designated to that State Party. If aninspected State Party is unable to ensure access, it shalldemonstrate that it took all necessary measures to ensureaccess.

8. In cases where the inspection area is located on theterritory of a State Party but is under the jurisdiction orcontrol of a State not Party to this Treaty, the State Partyshall take all necessary measures required of an inspectedState Party and a State Party on whose territory theinspection area is located, without prejudice to the rules andpractices of international law, to ensure that the on-siteinspection can be carried out in accordance with thisProtocol. If the State Party is unable to ensure access tothe inspection area, it shall demonstrate that it took allnecessary measures to ensure access, without prejudice tothe rules and practices of international law.

-111-

9. The size of the inspection team shall be kept to theminimum necessary for the proper fulfilment of theinspection mandate. The total number of members of theinspection team present on the territory of the inspectedState Party at any given time, except during the conduct ofdrilling, shall not exceed 40 persons. No national of therequesting State Party or the inspected State Party shall bea member of the inspection team.

10. The Director-General shall determine the size of theinspection team and select its members from the list ofinspectors and inspection assistants, taking into account thecircumstances of a particular request.

11. The inspected State Party shall provide for or arrangethe amenities necessary for the inspection team, such ascommunication means, interpretation services,transportation, working space, lodging, meals, and medicalcare.

12. The inspected State Party shall be reimbursed by theOrganization, in a reasonably short period of time afterconclusion of the inspection, for all expenses, includingthose mentioned in paragraphs 11 and 49, related to thestay and functional activities of the inspection team on the

-112-

territory of the inspected State Party.

13. Procedures for the implementation of on-siteinspections shall be detailed in the Operational Manual forOn-Site Inspections.

B. STANDING ARRANGEMENTS

Designation of Inspectors and Inspection Assistants

14. An inspection team may consist of inspectors andinspection assistants. An on-site inspection shall only becarried out by qualified inspectors specially designated forthis function. They may be assisted by specially designatedinspection assistants, such as technical and administrativepersonnel, aircrew and interpreters.

15. Inspectors and inspection assistants shall benominated for designation by the States Parties or, in thecase of staff of the Technical Secretariat, by the Director-General, on the basis of their expertise and experiencerelevant to the purpose and functions of on-site inspections. The nominees shall be approved in advance by the StatesParties in accordance with paragraph 18.

-113-

16. Each State Party, no later than 30 days after the entryinto force of this Treaty for it, shall notify theDirector-General of the names, dates of birth, sex, ranks,qualifications and professional experience of the personsproposed by the State Party for designation as inspectorsand inspection assistants.

17. No later than 60 days after the entry into force of thisTreaty, the Technical Secretariat shall communicate inwriting to all States Parties an initial list of the names,nationalities, dates of birth, sex and ranks of the inspectorsand inspection assistants proposed for designation by theDirector-General and the States Parties, as well as adescription of their qualifications and professionalexperience.

18. Each State Party shall immediately acknowledgereceipt of the initial list of inspectors and inspectionassistants proposed for designation. Any inspector orinspection assistant included in this list shall be regarded asaccepted unless a State Party, no later than 30 days afteracknowledgment of receipt of the list, declares itsnon-acceptance in writing. The State Party may include thereason for the objection. In the case of non-acceptance, theproposed inspector or inspection assistant shall not

-114-

undertake or participate in on-site inspection activities onthe territory or in any other place under the jurisdiction orcontrol of the State Party that has declared itsnon-acceptance. The Technical Secretariat shallimmediately confirm receipt of the notification of objection.

19. Whenever additions or changes to the list ofinspectors and inspection assistants are proposed by theDirector-General or a State Party, replacement inspectorsand inspection assistants shall be designated in the samemanner as set forth with respect to the initial list. EachState Party shall promptly notify the Technical Secretariat ifan inspector or inspection assistant nominated by it can nolonger fulfil the duties of an inspector or inspectionassistant.

20. The Technical Secretariat shall keep the list ofinspectors and inspection assistants up to date and notify allStates Parties of any additions or changes to the list.

21. A State Party requesting an on-site inspection maypropose that an inspector from the list of inspectors andinspection assistants serve as its observer in accordancewith Article IV, paragraph 61.

-115-

22. Subject to paragraph 23, a State Party shall have theright at any time to object to an inspector or inspectionassistant who has already been accepted. It shall notify theTechnical Secretariat of its objection in writing and mayinclude the reason for the objection. Such objection shallcome into effect 30 days after receipt of the notification bythe Technical Secretariat. The Technical Secretariat shallimmediately confirm receipt of the notification of theobjection and inform the objecting and nominating StatesParties of the date on which the inspector or inspectionassistant shall cease to be designated for that State Party.

23. A State Party that has been notified of an inspectionshall not seek the removal from the inspection team of anyof the inspectors or inspection assistants named in theinspection mandate.

24. The number of inspectors and inspection assistantsaccepted by a State Party must be sufficient to allow foravailability of appropriate numbers of inspectors andinspection assistants. If, in the opinion of theDirector-General, the non-acceptance by a State Party ofproposed inspectors or inspection assistants impedes thedesignation of a sufficient number of inspectors andinspection assistants or otherwise hampers the effective

-116-

fulfilment of the purposes of an on-site inspection, theDirector-General shall refer the issue to the ExecutiveCouncil.

25. Each inspector included in the list of inspectors andinspection assistants shall receive relevant training. Suchtraining shall be provided by the Technical Secretariatpursuant to the procedures specified in the OperationalManual for On-Site Inspections. The Technical Secretariatshall co-ordinate, in agreement with the States Parties, aschedule of training for the inspectors.

Privileges and Immunities

26. Following acceptance of the initial list of inspectorsand inspection assistants as provided for in paragraph 18 oras subsequently altered in accordance with paragraph 19,each State Party shall be obliged to issue, in accordancewith its national procedures and upon application by aninspector or inspection assistant, multiple entry/exit and/ortransit visas and other relevant documents to enable eachinspector and inspection assistant to enter and to remain onthe territory of that State Party for the sole purpose ofcarrying out inspection activities. Each State Party shallissue the necessary visa or travel documents for this

-117-

purpose no later than 48 hours after receipt of theapplication or immediately upon arrival of the inspectionteam at the point of entry on the territory of the State Party. Such documents shall be valid for as long as is necessaryto enable the inspector or inspection assistant to remain onthe territory of the inspected State Party for the solepurpose of carrying out the inspection activities.

27. To exercise their functions effectively, members ofthe inspection team shall be accorded privileges andimmunities as set forth in sub-paragraphs (a) to (i). Privileges and immunities shall be granted to members ofthe inspection team for the sake of this Treaty and not forthe personal benefit of the individuals themselves. Suchprivileges and immunities shall be accorded to them for theentire period between arrival on and departure from theterritory of the inspected State Party, and thereafter withrespect to acts previously performed in the exercise of theirofficial functions.

(a) The members of the inspection team shall beaccorded the inviolability enjoyed by diplomatic agentspursuant to Article 29 of the Vienna Convention onDiplomatic Relations of 18 April 1961;

-118-

(b) The living quarters and office premises occupiedby the inspection team carrying out inspection activitiespursuant to this Treaty shall be accorded the inviolabilityand protection accorded to the premises of diplomaticagents pursuant to Article 30, paragraph 1, of the ViennaConvention on Diplomatic Relations;

(c) The papers and correspondence, includingrecords, of the inspection team shall enjoy the inviolabilityaccorded to all papers and correspondence of diplomaticagents pursuant to Article 30, paragraph 2, of the ViennaConvention on Diplomatic Relations. The inspection teamshall have the right to use codes for their communicationswith the Technical Secretariat;

(d) Samples and approved equipment carried bymembers of the inspection team shall be inviolable subjectto provisions contained in this Treaty and exempt from allcustoms duties. Hazardous samples shall be transported inaccordance with relevant regulations;

(e) The members of the inspection team shall beaccorded the immunities accorded to diplomatic agentspursuant to Article 31, paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, of the ViennaConvention on Diplomatic Relations;

-119-

(f) The members of the inspection team carryingout prescribed activities pursuant to this Treaty shall beaccorded the exemption from dues and taxes accorded todiplomatic agents pursuant to Article 34 of the ViennaConvention on Diplomatic Relations;

(g) The members of the inspection team shall bepermitted to bring into the territory of the inspected StateParty, without payment of any customs duties or relatedcharges, articles for personal use, with the exception ofarticles the import or export of which is prohibited by law orcontrolled by quarantine regulations;

(h) The members of the inspection team shall beaccorded the same currency and exchange facilities as areaccorded to representatives of foreign Governments ontemporary official missions; and

(i) The members of the inspection team shall notengage in any professional or commercial activity forpersonal profit on the territory of the inspected State Party.

28. When transiting the territory of States Parties otherthan the inspected State Party, the members of theinspection team shall be accorded the privileges and

-120-

immunities enjoyed by diplomatic agents pursuant to Article40, paragraph 1, of the Vienna Convention on DiplomaticRelations. Papers and correspondence, including records,and samples and approved equipment carried by them,shall be accorded the privileges and immunities set forth inparagraph 27 (c) and (d).

29. Without prejudice to their privileges and immunitiesthe members of the inspection team shall be obliged torespect the laws and regulations of the inspected StateParty and, to the extent that is consistent with the inspectionmandate, shall be obliged not to interfere in the internalaffairs of that State. If the inspected State Party considersthat there has been an abuse of privileges and immunitiesspecified in this Protocol, consultations shall be heldbetween the State Party and the Director-General todetermine whether such an abuse has occurred and, if sodetermined, to prevent a repetition of such an abuse.

30. The immunity from jurisdiction of members of theinspection team may be waived by the Director-General inthose cases when the Director-General is of the opinion thatimmunity would impede the course of justice and that it canbe waived without prejudice to the implementation of theprovisions of this Treaty. Waiver must always be express.

-121-

31. Observers shall be accorded the same privileges andimmunities accorded to members of the inspection teampursuant to this section, except for those accorded pursuantto paragraph 27 (d).

Points of Entry

32. Each State Party shall designate its points of entryand shall supply the required information to the TechnicalSecretariat no later than 30 days after this Treaty enters intoforce for it. These points of entry shall be such that theinspection team can reach any inspection area from at leastone point of entry within 24 hours. Locations of points ofentry shall be provided to all States Parties by the TechnicalSecretariat. Points of entry may also serve as points of exit.

33. Each State Party may change its points of entry bygiving notice of such change to the Technical Secretariat. Changes shall become effective 30 days after the TechnicalSecretariat receives such notification, to allow appropriatenotification to all States Parties.

34. If the Technical Secretariat considers that there areinsufficient points of entry for the timely conduct ofinspections or that changes to the points of entry proposed

-122-

by a State Party would hamper such timely conduct ofinspections, it shall enter into consultations with the StateParty concerned to resolve the problem.

Arrangements for Use of Non-Scheduled Aircraft

35. Where timely travel to the point of entry is not feasibleusing scheduled commercial flights, an inspection team mayutilize non-scheduled aircraft. No later than 30 days afterthis Treaty enters into force for it, each State Party shallinform the Technical Secretariat of the standing diplomaticclearance number for non-scheduled aircraft transporting aninspection team and equipment necessary for inspection. Aircraft routings shall be along established internationalairways that are agreed upon between the State Party andthe Technical Secretariat as the basis for such diplomaticclearance.

Approved Inspection Equipment

36. The Conference, at its initial session, shall considerand approve a list of equipment for use during on-siteinspections. Each State Party may submit proposals for theinclusion of equipment in the list. Specifications for the useof the equipment, as detailed in the Operational Manual for

-123-

On-Site Inspections, shall take account of safety andconfidentiality considerations where such equipment is likelyto be used.

37. The equipment for use during on-site inspectionsshall consist of core equipment for the inspection activitiesand techniques specified in paragraph 69 and auxiliaryequipment necessary for the effective and timely conduct ofon-site inspections.

38. The Technical Secretariat shall ensure that all typesof approved equipment are available for on-site inspectionswhen required. When required for an on-site inspection, theTechnical Secretariat shall duly certify that the equipmenthas been calibrated, maintained and protected. To facilitatethe checking of the equipment at the point of entry by theinspected State Party, the Technical Secretariat shallprovide documentation and attach seals to authenticate thecertification.

39. Any permanently held equipment shall be in thecustody of the Technical Secretariat. The TechnicalSecretariat shall be responsible for the maintenance andcalibration of such equipment.

-124-

40. As appropriate, the Technical Secretariat shall makearrangements with States Parties to provide equipmentmentioned in the list. Such States Parties shall beresponsible for the maintenance and calibration of suchequipment.

C. ON-SITE INSPECTION REQUEST, INSPECTIONMANDATE

AND NOTIFICATION OF INSPECTION

On-Site Inspection Request

41. Pursuant to Article IV, paragraph 37, the on-siteinspection request shall contain at least the followinginformation:

(a) The estimated geographical and vertical co-ordinates of the location of the event that triggered therequest with an indication of the possible margin of error;

(b) The proposed boundaries of the area to beinspected, specified on a map and in accordance withparagraphs 2 and 3;

(c) The State Party or States Parties to be

-125-

inspected or an indication that the area to be inspected orpart thereof is beyond the jurisdiction or control of any State;

(d) The probable environment of the event thattriggered the request;

(e) The estimated time of the event that triggeredthe request, with an indication of the possible margin oferror;

(f) All data upon which the request is based;

(g) The personal details of the proposed observer, ifany; and

(h) The results of a consultation and clarificationprocess in accordance with Article IV, or an explanation, ifrelevant, of the reasons why such a consultation andclarification process has not been carried out.

Inspection Mandate

42. The mandate for an on-site inspection shall contain:

(a) The decision of the Executive Council on the on-site inspection request;

-126-

(b) The name of the State Party or States Parties tobe inspected or an indication that the inspection area or partthereof is beyond the jurisdiction or control of any State;

(c) The location and boundaries of the inspectionarea specified on a map, taking into account all informationon which the request was based and all other availabletechnical information, in consultation with the requestingState Party;

(d) The planned types of activity of the inspectionteam in the inspection area;

(e) The point of entry to be used by the inspectionteam;

(f) Any transit or basing points, as appropriate;

(g) The name of the head of the inspection team;

(h) The names of members of the inspection team;

(i) The name of the proposed observer, if any; and

(j) The list of equipment to be used in the

-127-

inspection area.

If a decision by the Executive Council pursuant to Article IV,paragraphs 46 to 49, necessitates a modification of theinspection mandate, the Director-General may update themandate with respect to sub-paragraphs (d), (h) and (j), asappropriate. The Director-General shall immediately notifythe inspected State Party of any such modification.

Notification of Inspection

43. The notification made by the Director-Generalpursuant to Article IV, paragraph 55 shall include thefollowing information:

(a) The inspection mandate;

(b) The date and estimated time of arrival of theinspection team at the point of entry;

(c) The means of arrival at the point of entry;

(d) If appropriate, the standing diplomatic clearancenumber for non-scheduled aircraft; and

-128-

(e) A list of any equipment which theDirector-General requests the inspected State Party tomake available to the inspection team for use in theinspection area.

44. The inspected State Party shall acknowledge receiptof the notification by the Director-General no later than 12hours after having received the notification.

D. PRE-INSPECTION ACTIVITIES

Entry Into the Territory of the Inspected State Party,Activities at the Point of Entry and

Transfer to the Inspection Area

45. The inspected State Party that has been notified ofthe arrival of the inspection team shall ensure the immediateentry of the inspection team into its territory.

46. When a non-scheduled aircraft is used for travel tothe point of entry, the Technical Secretariat shall provide theinspected State Party with a flight plan, through the NationalAuthority, for the flight of the aircraft from the last airfieldprior to entering the airspace of that State Party to the pointof entry, no less than six hours before the scheduled

-129-

departure time from that airfield. Such a plan shall be filedin accordance with the procedures of the International CivilAviation Organization applicable to civil aircraft. TheTechnical Secretariat shall include in the remarks section ofthe flight plan the standing diplomatic clearance number andthe appropriate notation identifying the aircraft as aninspection aircraft. If a military aircraft is used, theTechnical Secretariat shall request prior authorization fromthe inspected State Party to enter its airspace.

47. No less than three hours before the scheduleddeparture of the inspection team from the last airfield prior toentering the airspace of the inspected State Party, theinspected State Party shall ensure that the flight plan filed inaccordance with paragraph 46 is approved, so that theinspection team may arrive at the point of entry by theestimated arrival time.

48. Where necessary, the head of the inspection teamand the representative of the inspected State Party shallagree on a basing point and a flight plan from the point ofentry to the basing point and, if necessary, to the inspectionarea.

49. The inspected State Party shall provide for or arrange

-130-

parking, security protection, servicing and fuel as requiredby the Technical Secretariat for the aircraft of the inspectionteam at the point of entry and, where necessary, at thebasing point and at the inspection area. Such aircraft shallnot be liable for landing fees, departure tax, and similarcharges. This paragraph shall also apply to aircraft used foroverflight during the on-site inspection.

50. Subject to paragraph 51, there shall be no restrictionby the inspected State Party on the inspection team bringingapproved equipment that is in conformity with the inspectionmandate into the territory of that State Party, or on its use inaccordance with the provisions of the Treaty and thisProtocol.

51. The inspected State Party shall have the right,without prejudice to the time-frame specified in paragraph54, to check in the presence of inspection team members atthe point of entry that the equipment has been approvedand certified in accordance with paragraph 38. Theinspected State Party may exclude equipment that is not inconformity with the inspection mandate or that has not beenapproved and certified in accordance with paragraph 38.

52. Immediately upon arrival at the point of entry and

-131-

without prejudice to the time-frame specified in paragraph54, the head of the inspection team shall present to therepresentative of the inspected State Party the inspectionmandate and an initial inspection plan prepared by theinspection team specifying the activities to be carried out byit. The inspection team shall be briefed by representativesof the inspected State Party with the aid of maps and otherdocumentation as appropriate. The briefing shall includerelevant natural terrain features, safety and confidentialityissues, and logistical arrangements for the inspection. Theinspected State Party may indicate locations within theinspection area that, in its view, are not related to thepurpose of the inspection.

53. After the pre-inspection briefing, the inspection teamshall, as appropriate, modify the initial inspection plan,taking into account any comments by the inspected StateParty. The modified inspection plan shall be made availableto the representative of the inspected State Party.

54. The inspected State Party shall do everything in itspower to provide assistance and to ensure the safe conductof the inspection team, the approved equipment specified inparagraphs 50 and 51 and baggage from the point of entryto the inspection area no later than 36 hours after arrival at

-132-

the point of entry, if no other timing has been agreed uponwithin the time-frame specified in paragraph 57.

55. To confirm that the area to which the inspection teamhas been transported corresponds to the inspection areaspecified in the inspection mandate, the inspection teamshall have the right to use approved location-findingequipment. The inspected State Party shall assist theinspection team in this task.

E. CONDUCT OF INSPECTIONS

General Rules

56. The inspection team shall discharge its functions inaccordance with the provisions of the Treaty and thisProtocol.

57. The inspection team shall begin its inspectionactivities in the inspection area as soon as possible, but inno case later than 72 hours after arrival at the point of entry.

58. The activities of the inspection team shall be soarranged as to ensure the timely and effective discharge ofits functions and the least possible inconvenience to the

-133-

inspected State Party and disturbance to the inspectionarea.

59. In cases where the inspected State Party has beenrequested, pursuant to paragraph 43 (e) or in the course ofthe inspection, to make available any equipment for use bythe inspection team in the inspection area, the inspectedState Party shall comply with the request to the extent itcan.

60. During the on-site inspection the inspection teamshall have, inter alia:

(a) The right to determine how the inspection willproceed, consistent with the inspection mandate and takinginto account any steps taken by the inspected State Partyconsistent with the provisions on managed access;

(b) The right to modify the inspection plan, asnecessary, to ensure the effective execution of theinspection;

(c) The obligation to take into account therecommendations and suggested modifications by theinspected State Party to the inspection plan;

-134-

(d) The right to request clarifications in connectionwith ambiguities that may arise during the inspection;

(e) The obligation to use only those techniquesspecified in paragraph 69 and to refrain from activities thatare not relevant to the purpose of the inspection. The teamshall collect and document such facts as are related to thepurpose of the inspection, but shall neither seek nordocument information that is clearly unrelated thereto. Anymaterial collected and subsequently found not to be relevantshall be returned to the inspected State Party;

(f) The obligation to take into account and includein its report data and explanations on the nature of the eventthat triggered the request, provided by the inspected StateParty from the national monitoring networks of the inspectedState Party and from other sources;

(g) The obligation to provide the inspected StateParty, at its request, with copies of the information and datacollected in the inspection area; and

(h) The obligation to respect the confidentiality andthe safety and health regulations of the inspected StateParty.

-135-

61. During the on-site inspection the inspected StateParty shall have, inter alia:

(a) The right to make recommendations at any timeto the inspection team regarding possible modification of theinspection plan;

(b) The right and the obligation to provide arepresentative to liaise with the inspection team;

(c) The right to have representatives accompanythe inspection team during the performance of its duties andobserve all inspection activities carried out by the inspectionteam. This shall not delay or otherwise hinder theinspection team in the exercise of its functions;

(d) The right to provide additional information and torequest the collection and documentation of additional factsit believes are relevant to the inspection;

(e) The right to examine all photographic andmeasurement products as well as samples and to retain anyphotographs or parts thereof showing sensitive sites notrelated to the purpose of the inspection. The inspectedState Party shall have the right to receive duplicate copies

-136-

of all photographic and measurement products. Theinspected State Party shall have the right to retainphotographic originals and first-generation photographicproducts and to put photographs or parts thereof under jointseal within its territory. The inspected State Party shallhave the right to provide its own camera operator to takestill/video photographs as requested by the inspection team. Otherwise, these functions shall be performed by membersof the inspection team;

(f) The right to provide the inspection team, from itsnational monitoring networks and from other sources, withdata and explanations on the nature of the event thattriggered the request; and

(g) The obligation to provide the inspection teamwith such clarification as may be necessary to resolve anyambiguities that arise during the inspection.

Communications

62. The members of the inspection team shall have theright at all times during the on-site inspection tocommunicate with each other and with the TechnicalSecretariat. For this purpose they may use their own dulyapproved and certified equipment with the consent of the

-137-

inspected State Party, to the extent that the inspected StateParty does not provide them with access to othertelecommunications.

Observer

63. In accordance with Article IV, paragraph 61, therequesting State Party shall liaise with the TechnicalSecretariat to co-ordinate the arrival of the observer at thesame point of entry or basing point as the inspection teamwithin a reasonable period of the arrival of the inspectionteam.

64. The observer shall have the right throughout theinspection to be in communication with the embassy of therequesting State Party located in the inspected State Partyor, in the case of absence of an embassy, with therequesting State Party itself.

65. The observer shall have the right to arrive at theinspection area and to have access to and within theinspection area as granted by the inspected State Party.

66. The observer shall have the right to makerecommendations to the inspection team throughout the

-138-

inspection.

67. Throughout the inspection, the inspection team shallkeep the observer informed about the conduct of theinspection and the findings.

68. Throughout the inspection, the inspected State Partyshall provide or arrange for the amenities necessary for theobserver similar to those enjoyed by the inspection team asdescribed in paragraph 11. All costs in connection with thestay of the observer on the territory of the inspected StateParty shall be borne by the requesting State Party.

Inspection Activities and Techniques

69. The following inspection activities may be conductedand techniques used, in accordance with the provisions onmanaged access, on collection, handling and analysis ofsamples, and on overflights:

(a) Position finding from the air and at the surface toconfirm the boundaries of the inspection area and establishco-ordinates of locations therein, in support of the inspectionactivities;

-139-

(b) Visual observation, video and still photographyand multi-spectral imaging, including infraredmeasurements, at and below the surface, and from the air,to search for anomalies or artifacts;

(c) Measurement of levels of radioactivity above, atand below the surface, using gamma radiation monitoringand energy resolution analysis from the air, and at or underthe surface, to search for and identify radiation anomalies;

(d) Environmental sampling and analysis of solids,liquids and gases from above, at and below the surface todetect anomalies;

(e) Passive seismological monitoring foraftershocks to localize the search area and facilitatedetermination of the nature of an event;

(f) Resonance seismometry and active seismicsurveys to search for and locate underground anomalies,including cavities and rubble zones;

(g) Magnetic and gravitational field mapping, groundpenetrating radar and electrical conductivity measurementsat the surface and from the air, as appropriate, to detect

-140-

anomalies or artifacts; and

(h) Drilling to obtain radioactive samples.

70. Up to 25 days after the approval of the on-siteinspection in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 46, theinspection team shall have the right to conduct any of theactivities and use any of the techniques listed in paragraph69 (a) to (e). Following the approval of the continuation ofthe inspection in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 47,the inspection team shall have the right to conduct any ofthe activities and use any of the techniques listed inparagraph 69 (a) to (g). The inspection team shall onlyconduct drilling after the approval of the Executive Councilin accordance with Article IV, paragraph 48. If theinspection team requests an extension of the inspectionduration in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 49, it shallindicate in its request which of the activities and techniqueslisted in paragraph 69 it intends to carry out in order to beable to fulfil its mandate.

Overflights

71. The inspection team shall have the right to conductan overflight over the inspection area during the on-site

-141-

inspection for the purposes of providing the inspection teamwith a general orientation of the inspection area, narrowingdown and optimizing the locations for ground-basedinspection and facilitating the collection of factual evidence,using equipment specified in paragraph 79.

72. The overflight shall be conducted as soon aspractically possible. The total duration of the overflight overthe inspection area shall be no more than 12 hours.

73. Additional overflights using equipment specified inparagraphs 79 and 80 may be conducted subject to theagreement of the inspected State Party.

74. The area to be covered by overflights shall not extendbeyond the inspection area.

75. The inspected State Party shall have the right toimpose restrictions or, in exceptional cases and withreasonable justification, prohibitions on the overflight ofsensitive sites not related to the purpose of the inspection. Restrictions may relate to the flight altitude, the number ofpasses and circling, the duration of hovering, the type ofaircraft, the number of inspectors on board, and the type ofmeasurements or observations. If the inspection team

-142-

considers that the restrictions or prohibitions on theoverflight of sensitive sites may impede the fulfilment of itsmandate, the inspected State Party shall make everyreasonable effort to provide alternative means of inspection.76. Overflights shall be conducted according to a flightplan duly filed and approved in accordance with aviationrules and regulations of the inspected State Party. Flightsafety regulations of the inspected State Party shall bestrictly observed throughout all flying operations.

77. During overflights landing should normally beauthorized only for purposes of staging or refuelling.

78. Overflights shall be conducted at altitudes asrequested by the inspection team consistent with theactivities to be conducted, visibility conditions, as well as theaviation and the safety regulations of the inspected StateParty and its right to protect sensitive information not relatedto the purposes of the inspection. Overflights shall beconducted up to a maximum altitude of 1,500 metres abovethe surface.

79. For the overflight conducted pursuant to paragraphs71 and 72, the following equipment may be used on boardthe aircraft:

-143-

(a) Field glasses;

(b) Passive location-finding equipment;

(c) Video cameras; and

(d) Hand-held still cameras.

80. For any additional overflights conducted pursuant toparagraph 73, inspectors on board the aircraft may also useportable, easily installed equipment for:

(a) Multi-spectral (including infrared) imagery;

(b) Gamma spectroscopy; and

(c) Magnetic field mapping.

81. Overflights shall be conducted with a relatively slowfixed or rotary wing aircraft. The aircraft shall afford abroad, unobstructed view of the surface below.

82. The inspected State Party shall have the right toprovide its own aircraft, pre-equipped as appropriate inaccordance with the technical requirements of the relevant

-144-

operational manual, and crew. Otherwise, the aircraft shallbe provided or rented by the Technical Secretariat.

83. If the aircraft is provided or rented by the TechnicalSecretariat, the inspected State Party shall have the right tocheck the aircraft to ensure that it is equipped with approvedinspection equipment. Such checking shall be completedwithin the time-frame specified in paragraph 57.

84. Personnel on board the aircraft shall consist of:

(a) The minimum number of flight crew consistentwith the safe operation of the aircraft;

(b) Up to four members of the inspection team;

(c) Up to two representatives of the inspected StateParty;

(d) An observer, if any, subject to the agreement ofthe inspected State Party; and

(e) An interpreter, if necessary.

85. Procedures for the implementation of overflights shall

-145-

be detailed in the Operational Manual for On-SiteInspections.

Managed Access

86. The inspection team shall have the right to access theinspection area in accordance with the provisions of theTreaty and this Protocol.

87. The inspected State Party shall provide access withinthe inspection area in accordance with the time-framespecified in paragraph 57.

88. Pursuant to Article IV, paragraph 57 and paragraph86 above, the rights and obligations of the inspected StateParty shall include:

(a) The right to take measures to protect sensitiveinstallations and locations in accordance with this Protocol;

(b) The obligation, when access is restricted withinthe inspection area, to make every reasonable effort tosatisfy the requirements of the inspection mandate throughalternative means. Resolving any questions regarding oneor more aspects of the inspection shall not delay or interferewith the conduct of the inspection team of other aspects of

-146-

the inspection; and

(c) The right to make the final decision regardingany access of the inspection team, taking into account itsobligations under this Treaty and the provisions onmanaged access.

89. Pursuant to Article IV, paragraph 57 (b) andparagraph 88 (a) above, the inspected State Party shallhave the right throughout the inspection area to takemeasures to protect sensitive installations and locations andto prevent disclosure of confidential information not relatedto the purpose of the inspection. Such measures mayinclude, inter alia:

(a) Shrouding of sensitive displays, stores, andequipment;

(b) Restricting measurements of radionuclideactivity and nuclear radiation to determining the presence orabsence of those types and energies of radiation relevant tothe purpose of the inspection;

(c) Restricting the taking of or analysing of samplesto determining the presence or absence of radioactive or

-147-

other products relevant to the purpose of the inspection;

(d) Managing access to buildings and otherstructures in accordance with paragraphs 90 and 91; and

(e) Declaring restricted-access sites in accordancewith paragraphs 92 to 96.

90. Access to buildings and other structures shall bedeferred until after the approval of the continuation of theon-site inspection in accordance with Article IV, paragraph47, except for access to buildings and other structureshousing the entrance to a mine, other excavations, orcaverns of large volume not otherwise accessible. For suchbuildings and structures, the inspection team shall have theright only of transit, as directed by the inspected StateParty, in order to enter such mines, caverns or otherexcavations.91. If, following the approval of the continuation of theinspection in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 47, theinspection team demonstrates credibly to the inspectedState Party that access to buildings and other structures isnecessary to fulfil the inspection mandate and that thenecessary activities authorized in the mandate could not becarried out from the outside, the inspection team shall have

-148-

the right to gain access to such buildings or otherstructures. The head of the inspection team shall requestaccess to a specific building or structure indicating thepurpose of such access, the specific number of inspectors,as well as the intended activities. The modalities for accessshall be subject to negotiation between the inspection teamand the inspected State Party. The inspected State Partyshall have the right to impose restrictions or, in exceptionalcases and with reasonable justification, prohibitions, on theaccess to buildings and other structures.

92. When restricted-access sites are declared pursuantto paragraph 89 (e), each such site shall be no larger than4 square kilometres. The inspected State Party has theright to declare up to 50 square kilometres of restricted-access sites. If more than one restricted-access site isdeclared, each such site shall be separated from any othersuch site by a minimum distance of 20 metres. Eachrestricted-access site shall have clearly defined andaccessible boundaries.

93. The size, location, and boundaries of restricted-access sites shall be presented to the head of theinspection team no later than the time that the inspectionteam seeks access to a location that contains all or part of

-149-

such a site.

94. The inspection team shall have the right to placeequipment and take other steps necessary to conduct itsinspection up to the boundary of a restricted-access site.

95. The inspection team shall be permitted to observevisually all open places within the restricted-access sitefrom the boundary of the site.

96. The inspection team shall make every reasonableeffort to fulfil the inspection mandate outside the declaredrestricted-access sites prior to requesting access to suchsites. If at any time the inspection team demonstratescredibly to the inspected State Party that the necessaryactivities authorized in the mandate could not be carried outfrom the outside and that access to a restricted-access siteis necessary to fulfil the mandate, some members of theinspection team shall be granted access to accomplishspecific tasks within the site. The inspected State Partyshall have the right to shroud or otherwise protect sensitiveequipment, objects and materials not related to the purposeof the inspection. The number of inspectors shall be kept tothe minimum necessary to complete the tasks related to theinspection. The modalities for such access shall be subject

-150-

to negotiation between the inspection team and theinspected State Party.

Collection, Handling and Analysis of Samples

97. Subject to paragraphs 86 to 96 and 98 to 100, theinspection team shall have the right to collect and removerelevant samples from the inspection area.

98. Whenever possible, the inspection team shall analysesamples on-site. Representatives of the inspected StateParty shall have the right to be present when samples areanalysed on-site. At the request of the inspection team, theinspected State Party shall, in accordance with agreedprocedures, provide assistance for the analysis of sampleson-site. The inspection team shall have the right to transfersamples for off-site analysis at laboratories designated bythe Organization only if it demonstrates that the necessarysample analysis cannot be performed on-site.

99. The inspected State Party shall have the right toretain portions of all samples collected when these samplesare analysed and may take duplicate samples.

100. The inspected State Party shall have the right to

-151-

request that any unused samples or portions thereof bereturned.

101. The designated laboratories shall conduct chemicaland physical analysis of the samples transferred for off-siteanalysis. Details of such analysis shall be elaborated in theOperational Manual for On-Site Inspections.

102. The Director-General shall have the primaryresponsibility for the security, integrity and preservation ofsamples and for ensuring that the confidentiality of samplestransferred for off-site analysis is protected. TheDirector-General shall do so in accordance with procedurescontained in the Operational Manual for On-SiteInspections. The Director-General shall, in any case:

(a) Establish a stringent regime governing thecollection, handling, transport and analysis of samples;

(b) Certify the laboratories designated to performdifferent types of analysis;

(c) Oversee the standardization of equipment andprocedures at these designated laboratories and of mobileanalytical equipment and procedures;

-152-

(d) Monitor quality control and overall standards inrelation to the certification of these laboratories and inrelation to mobile equipment and procedures; and

(e) Select from among the designated laboratoriesthose which shall perform analytical or other functions inrelation to specific investigations.

103. When off-site analysis is to be performed, samplesshall be analysed in at least two designated laboratories. The Technical Secretariat shall ensure the expeditiousprocessing of the analysis. The samples shall beaccounted for by the Technical Secretariat and any unusedsamples or portions thereof shall be returned to theTechnical Secretariat.

104. The Technical Secretariat shall compile the results ofthe laboratory analysis of samples relevant to the purposeof the inspection. Pursuant to Article IV, paragraph 63, theDirector-General shall transmit any such results promptly tothe inspected State Party for comments and thereafter tothe Executive Council and to all other States Parties andshall include detailed information concerning the equipmentand methodology employed by the designated laboratories.

-153-

Conduct of Inspections in Areas beyond the Jurisdictionor Control of any State

105. In case of an on-site inspection in an area beyond thejurisdiction or control of any State, the Director-Generalshall consult with the appropriate States Parties and agreeon any transit or basing points to facilitate a speedy arrivalof the inspection team in the inspection area.

106. The States Parties on whose territory transit or basingpoints are located shall, as far as possible, assist infacilitating the inspection, including transporting theinspection team, its baggage and equipment to theinspection area, as well as providing the relevant amenitiesspecified in paragraph 11. The Organization shallreimburse assisting States Parties for all costs incurred.

107. Subject to the approval of the Executive Council, theDirector-General may negotiate standing arrangements withStates Parties to facilitate assistance in the event of an on-site inspection in an area beyond the jurisdiction or controlof any State.

108. In cases where one or more States Parties haveconducted an investigation of an ambiguous event in an

-154-

area beyond the jurisdiction or control of any State before arequest is made for an on-site inspection in that area, anyresults of such investigation may be taken into account bythe Executive Council in its deliberations pursuant to ArticleIV.

Post-Inspection Procedures

109. Upon conclusion of the inspection, the inspectionteam shall meet with the representative of the inspectedState Party to review the preliminary findings of theinspection team and to clarify any ambiguities. Theinspection team shall provide the representative of theinspected State Party with its preliminary findings in writtenform according to a standardized format, together with a listof any samples and other material taken from the inspectionarea pursuant to paragraph 98. The document shall besigned by the head of the inspection team. In order toindicate that he or she has taken notice of the contents ofthe document, the representative of the inspected StateParty shall countersign the document. The meeting shall becompleted no later than 24 hours after the conclusion of theinspection.

-155-

Departure

110. Upon completion of the post-inspection procedures,the inspection team and the observer shall leave, as soonas possible, the territory of the inspected State Party. Theinspected State Party shall do everything in its power toprovide assistance and to ensure the safe conduct of theinspection team, equipment and baggage to the point ofexit. Unless agreed otherwise by the inspected State Partyand the inspection team, the point of exit used shall be thesame as the point of entry.

-156-

PART III

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES

1. Pursuant to Article IV, paragraph 68, each State Partyshall, on a voluntary basis, provide the TechnicalSecretariat with notification of any chemical explosion using300 tonnes or greater of TNT-equivalent blasting materialdetonated as a single explosion anywhere on its territory, orat any place under its jurisdiction or control. If possible,such notification shall be provided in advance. Suchnotification shall include details on location, time, quantityand type of explosive used, as well as on the configurationand intended purpose of the blast.

2. Each State Party shall, on a voluntary basis, as soonas possible after the entry into force of this Treaty provide tothe Technical Secretariat, and at annual intervals thereafterupdate, information related to its national use of all otherchemical explosions greater than 300 tonnes TNT-equivalent. In particular, the State Party shall seek toadvise:

(a) The geographic locations of sites where theexplosions originate;

-157-

(b) The nature of activities producing them and thegeneral profile and frequency of such explosions;

(c) Any other relevant detail, if available; and

to assist the Technical Secretariat in clarifying the origins ofany such event detected by the International MonitoringSystem.

3. A State Party may, on a voluntary and mutuallyacceptable basis, invite representatives of the TechnicalSecretariat or of other States Parties to visit sites within itsterritory referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2.

4. For the purpose of calibrating the InternationalMonitoring System, States Parties may liaise with theTechnical Secretariat to carry out chemical calibrationexplosions or to provide relevant information on chemicalexplosions planned for other purposes.

-158-

ANNEX 1 TO THE PROTOCOL

-159-

Table 1-A List of Seismological Stations Comprising thePrimary Network

State Responsible Location Latitude Longitude Typefor Station

1 Argentina PLCA 40.7 S 70.6 W 3-CPaso Flores

2 Australia WRA 19.9 S 134.3 E arrayWarramunga, NT

3 Australia ASAR 23.7 S 133.9 E arrayAlice Springs, NT

4 Australia STKA 31.9 S 141.6 E 3-CStephens Creek, SA

5 Australia MAW 67.6 S 62.9 E 3-CMawson, Antarctica

6 Bolivia LPAZ 16.3 S 68.1 W 3-CLa Paz

7 Brazil BDFB 15.6 S 48.0 W 3-CBrasilia

8 Canada ULMC 50.2 N 95.9 W 3-CLac du Bonnet, Man.

9 Canada YKAC 62.5 N 114.6 W arrayYellowknife, N.W.T.

1 Canada SCH 54.8 N 66.8 W 3-C0 Schefferville, Quebec

1 Central African BGCA 05.2 N 18.4 E 3-C1 Republic Bangui

1 China HAI 49.3 N 119.7 E 3-C > array2 Hailar

-160-

State Responsible Location Latitude Longitude Typefor Station

1 China LZH 36.1 N 103.8 E 3-C > array3 Lanzhou

1 Colombia XSA 04.9 N 74.3 W 3-C4 El Rosal

1 Côte d'Ivoire DBIC 06.7 N 04.9 W 3-C5 Dimbroko

1 Egypt LXEG 26.0 N 33.0 E array6 Luxor

1 Finland FINES 61.4 N 26.1 E array7 Lahti

1 France PPT 17.6 S 149.6 W 3-C8 Tahiti

1 Germany GEC2 48.9 N 13.7 E array9 Freyung

2 To be determined To be To be To be To be0 determined determined determined determined

2 Iran (Islamic THR 35.8 N 51.4 E 3-C 1 Republic of) Tehran

2 Japan MJAR 36.5 N 138.2 E array2 Matsushiro

2 Kazakstan MAK 46.8 N 82.0 E array3 Makanchi

2 Kenya KMBO 01.1 S 37.2 E 3-C4 Kilimambogo

2 Mongolia JAVM 48.0 N 106.8 E 3-C > array5 Javhlant

2 Niger New Site to be to be 3-C > array6 determined determined

-161-

State Responsible Location Latitude Longitude Typefor Station

2 Norway NAO 60.8 N 10.8 E array7 Hamar

2 Norway ARAO 69.5 N 25.5 E array8 Karasjok

2 Pakistan PRPK 33.7 N 73.3 E array9 Pari

3 Paraguay CPUP 26.3 S 57.3 W 3-C0 Villa Florida

3 Republic of Korea KSRS 37.5 N 127.9 E array1 Wonju

3 Russian Federation KBZ 43.7 N 42.9 E 3-C2 Khabaz

3 Russian Federation ZAL 53.9 N 84.8 E 3-C > array3 Zalesovo

3 Russian Federation NRI 69.0 N 88.0 E 3-C4 Norilsk

3 Russian Federation PDY 59.6 N 112.6 E 3-C > array5 Peleduy

3 Russian Federation PET 53.1 N 157.8 E 3-C > array6 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy

3 Russian Federation USK 44.2 N 132.0 E 3-C > array7 Ussuriysk

3 Saudi Arabia New Site to be to be array8 determined determined

3 South Africa BOSA 28.6 S 25.6 E 3-C9 Boshof

4 Spain ESDC 39.7 N 04.0 W array0 Sonseca

-162-

State Responsible Location Latitude Longitude Typefor Station

4 Thailand CMTO 18.8 N 99.0 E array1 Chiang Mai

4 Tunisia THA 35.6 N 08.7 E 3-C2 Thala

4 Turkey BRTR 39.9 N 32.8 E array3 Belbashi

The array is subject torelocation at Keskin

4 Turkmenistan GEYT 37.9 N 58.1 E array4 Alibeck

4 Ukraine AKASG 50.4 N 29.1 E array5 Malin

4 United States of LJTX 29.3 N 103.7 W array6 America Lajitas, TX

4 United States of MNV 38.4 N 118.2 W array7 America Mina, NV

4 United States of PIWY 42.8 N 109.6 W array8 America Pinedale, WY

4 United States of ELAK 64.8 N 146.9 W array9 America Eielson, AK

5 United States of VNDA 77.5 S 161.9 E 3-C0 America Vanda, Antarctica

Key: 3-C > array: Indicates that the site could start operations in the InternationalMonitoring System as a three-component station and be upgraded to an array at a latertime.

-163-

Table 1-B List of Seismological Stations Comprising theAuxiliary Network

State responsible Location Latitude Longitude Typefor station

1 Argentina CFA 31.6 S 68.2 W 3-CCoronel Fontana

2 Argentina USHA 55.0 S 68.0 W 3-CUshuaia

3 Armenia GNI 40.1 N 44.7 E 3-CGarni

4 Australia CTA 20.1 S 146.3 E 3-CCharters Towers,

QLD

5 Australia FITZ 18.1 S 125.6 E 3-CFitzroy Crossing,

WA

6 Australia NWAO 32.9 S 117.2 E 3-CNarrogin, WA

7 Bangladesh CHT 22.4 N 91.8 E 3-CChittagong

8 Bolivia SIV 16.0 S 61.1 W 3-CSan Ignacio

9 Botswana LBTB 25.0 S 25.6 E 3-CLobatse

10 Brazil PTGA 0.7 S 60.0 W 3-CPitinga

-164-

State responsible Location Latitude Longitude Typefor station

11 Brazil RGNB 6.9 S 37.0 W 3-CRio Grande do

Norte

12 Canada FRB 63.7 N 68.5 W 3-CIqaluit, N.W.T.

13 Canada DLBC 58.4 N 130.0 W 3-CDease Lake, B.C.

14 Canada SADO 44.8 N 79.1 W 3-CSadowa, Ont.

15 Canada BBB 52.2 N 128.1 W 3-CBella Bella, B.C.

16 Canada MBC 76.2 N 119.4 W 3-CMould Bay, N.W.T.

17 Canada INK 68.3 N 133.5 W 3-CInuvik, N.W.T.

18 Chile RPN 27.2 S 109.4 W 3-C Easter Island

19 Chile LVC 22.6 S 68.9 W 3-CLimon Verde

20 China BJT 40.0 N 116.2 E 3-CBaijiatuan

21 China KMI 25.2 N 102.8 E 3-CKunming

22 China SSE 31.1 N 121.2 E 3-CSheshan

23 China XAN 34.0 N 108.9 E 3-CXi'an

-165-

State responsible Location Latitude Longitude Typefor station

24 Cook Islands RAR 21.2 S 159.8 W 3-CRarotonga

25 Costa Rica JTS 10.3 N 85.0 W 3-CLas Juntas de

Abangares

26 Czech Republic VRAC 49.3 N 16.6 E 3-CVranov

27 Denmark SFJ 67.0 N 50.6 W 3-CSøndre Strømfjord,

Greenland

28 Djibouti ATD 11.5 N 42.9 E 3-CArta Tunnel

29 Egypt KEG 29.9 N 31.8 E 3-CKottamya

30 Ethiopia FURI 8.9 N 38.7 E 3-CFuri

31 Fiji MSVF 17.8 S 178.1 E 3-CMonasavu, Viti Levu

32 France NOUC 22.1 S 166.3 E 3-CPort Laguerre, New

Caledonia

33 France KOG 5.2 N 52.7 W 3-CKourou, French

Guiana

34 Gabon BAMB 1.7 S 13.6 E 3-CBambay

-166-

State responsible Location Latitude Longitude Typefor station

35 Germany/South --- 71.7 S 2.9 W 3-CAfrica SANAE Station,

Antarctica

36 Greece IDI 35.3 N 24.9 E 3-CAnogia, Crete

37 Guatemala RDG 15.0 N 90.5 W 3-CRabir

38 Iceland BORG 64.8 N 21.3 W 3-CBorgarnes

39 To be determined To be determined To be To be To bedetermined determined determined

40 Indonesia PACI 6.5 S 107.0 E 3-CCibinong, Jawa

Barat

41 Indonesia JAY 2.5 S 140.7 E 3-CJayapura, Irian Jaya

42 Indonesia SWI 0.9 S 131.3 E 3-CSorong, Irian Jaya

43 Indonesia PSI 2.7 N 98.9 E 3-CParapat, Sumatera

44 Indonesia KAPI 5.0 S 119.8 E 3-CKappang, Sulawesi

Selatan

45 Indonesia KUG 10.2 S 123.6 E 3-CKupang,

NusatenggaraTimur

-167-

State responsible Location Latitude Longitude Typefor station

46 Iran KRM 30.3 N 57.1 E 3-C(Islamic Republic of) Kerman

47 Iran MSN 31.9 N 49.3 E 3-C(Islamic Republic of) Masjed-e-Soleyman

48 Israel MBH 29.8 N 34.9 E 3-CEilath

49 Israel PARD 32.6 N 35.3 E arrayParod

50 Italy ENAS 37.5 N 14.3 E 3-CEnna, Sicily

51 Japan JNU 33.1 N 130.9 E 3-COhita, Kyushu

52 Japan JOW 26.8 N 128.3 E 3-CKunigami, Okinawa

53 Japan JHJ 33.1 N 139.8 E 3-CHachijojima, Izu

Islands

54 Japan JKA 44.1 N 142.6 E 3-CKamikawa-asahi,

Hokkaido

55 Japan JCJ 27.1 N 142.2 E 3-CChichijima,Ogasawara

56 Jordan --- 32.5 N 37.6 E 3-CAshqof

57 Kazakstan BRVK 53.1 N 70.3 E arrayBorovoye

-168-

State responsible Location Latitude Longitude Typefor station

58 Kazakstan KURK 50.7 N 78.6 E arrayKurchatov

59 Kazakstan AKTO 50.4 N 58.0 E 3-CAktyubinsk

60 Kyrgyzstan AAK 42.6 N 74.5 E 3-CAla-Archa

61 Madagascar TAN 18.9 S 47.6 E 3-CAntananarivo

62 Mali KOWA 14.5 N 4.0 W 3-CKowa

63 Mexico TEYM 20.2 N 88.3 W 3-CTepich, Yucatan

64 Mexico TUVM 18.0 N 94.4 W 3-CTuzandepeti,

Veracruz

65 Mexico LPBM 24.2 N 110.2 W 3-CLa Paz, BajaCalifornia Sur

66 Morocco MDT 32.8 N 4.6 W 3-CMidelt

67 Namibia TSUM 19.1 S 17.4 E 3-CTsumeb

68 Nepal EVN 28.0 N 86.8 E 3-CEverest

69 New Zealand EWZ 43.5 S 170.9 E 3-CErewhon, South

Island

-169-

State responsible Location Latitude Longitude Typefor station

70 New Zealand RAO 29.2 S 177.9 W 3-CRaoul Island

71 New Zealand URZ 38.3 S 177.1 E 3-CUrewera, North

Island

72 Norway SPITS 78.2 N 16.4 E arraySpitsbergen

73 Norway JMI 70.9 N 8.7 W 3-CJan Mayen

74 Oman WSAR 23.0 N 58.0 E 3-CWadi Sarin

75 Papua New Guinea PMG 9.4 S 147.2 E 3-CPort Moresby

76 Papua New Guinea BIAL 5.3 S 151.1 E 3-CBialla

77 Peru CAJP 7.0 S 78.0 W 3-CCajamarca

78 Peru NNA 12.0 S 76.8 W 3-CNana

79 Philippines DAV 7.1 N 125.6 E 3-CDavao, Mindanao

80 Philippines TGY 14.1 N 120.9 E 3-CTagaytay, Luzon

81 Romania MLR 45.5 N 25.9 E 3-CMuntele Rosu

82 Russian Federation KIRV 58.6 N 49.4 E 3-CKirov

-170-

State responsible Location Latitude Longitude Typefor station

83 Russian Federation KIVO 44.0 N 42.7 E arrayKislovodsk

84 Russian Federation OBN 55.1 N 36.6 E 3-CObninsk

85 Russian Federation ARU 56.4 N 58.6 E 3-CArti

86 Russian Federation SEY 62.9 N 152.4 E 3-CSeymchan

87 Russian Federation TLY 51.7 N 103.6 E 3-CTalaya

88 Russian Federation YAK 62.0N 129.7 E 3-CYakutsk

89 Russian Federation URG 51.1N 132.3 E 3-CUrgal

90 Russian Federation BIL 68.0 N 166.4 E 3-CBilibino

91 Russian Federation TIXI 71.6 N 128.9 E 3-CTiksi

92 Russian Federation YSS 47.0 N 142.8 E 3-CYuzhno-Sakhalinsk

93 Russian Federation MA2 59.6 N 150.8 E 3-CMagadan

94 Russian Federation ZIL 53.9 N 57.0 E 3-CZilim

95 Samoa AFI 13.9 S 171.8 W 3-CAfiamalu

-171-

State responsible Location Latitude Longitude Typefor station

96 Saudi Arabia RAYN 23.6 N 45.6 E 3-CAr Rayn

97 Senegal MBO 14.4 N 17.0 W 3-CMbour

98 Solomon Islands HNR 9.4 S 160.0 E 3-CHoniara,

Guadalcanal

99 South Africa SUR 32.4 S 20.8 E 3-CSutherland

100 Sri Lanka COC 6.9 N 79.9 E 3-CColombo

101 Sweden HFS 60.1 N 13.7 E arrayHagfors

102 Switzerland DAVOS 46.8 N 9.8 E 3-CDavos

103 Uganda MBRU 0.4 S 30.4 E 3-CMbarara

104 United Kingdom EKA 55.3 N 3.2 W arrayEskdalemuir

105 United States of GUMO 13.6 N 144.9 E 3-CAmerica Guam, Marianas

Islands

106 United States of PMSA 64.8 S 64.1 W 3-CAmerica Palmer Station,

Antarctica

-172-

State responsible Location Latitude Longitude Typefor station

107 United States of TKL 35.7 N 83.8 W 3-CAmerica Tuckaleechee

Caverns, TN

108 United States of PFCA 33.6 N 116.5 W 3-CAmerica Piñon Flat, CA

109 United States of YBH 41.7 N 122.7 W 3-CAmerica Yreka, CA

110 United States of KDC 57.8 N 152.5 W 3-CAmerica Kodiak Island, AK

111 United States of ALQ 35.0 N 106.5 W 3-CAmerica Albuquerque, NM

112 United States of ATTU 52.8 N 172.7 E 3-CAmerica Attu Island, AK

113 United States of ELK 40.7 N 115.2 W 3-CAmerica Elko, NV

114 United States of SPA 90.0 S - - 3-CAmerica South Pole,

Antarctica

115 United States of NEW 48.3 N 117.1 W 3-CAmerica Newport, WA

116 United States of SJG 18.1 N 66.2 W 3-CAmerica San Juan, PR

117 Venezuela SDV 8.9 N 70.6 W 3-CSanto Domingo

118 Venezuela PCRV 10.2 N 64.6 W 3-CPuerto la Cruz

-173-

State responsible Location Latitude Longitude Typefor station

119 Zambia LSZ 15.3 S 28.2 E 3-CLusaka

120 Zimbabwe BUL to be advised to be 3-CBulawayo advised

-174-

Table 2-A List of Radionuclide Stations

State responsible for Location Latitude Longitudestation

1 Argentina Buenos Aires 34.0 S 58.0W

2 Argentina Salta 24.0 S 65.0 W

3 Argentina Bariloche 41.1 S 71.3 W

4 Australia Melbourne, VIC 37.5 S 144.6 E

5 Australia Mawson, Antarctica 67.6 S 62.5 E

6 Australia Townsville, QLD 19.2 S 146.8 E

7 Australia Macquarie Island 54.0 S 159.0 E

8 Australia Cocos Islands 12.0 S 97.0 E

9 Australia Darwin, NT 12.4 S 130.7 E

10 Australia Perth, WA 31.9 S 116.0 E

11 Brazil Rio de Janeiro 22.5 S 43.1 W

12 Brazil Recife 8.0 S 35.0 W

13 Cameroon Douala 4.2 N 9.9 E

14 Canada Vancouver, B.C. 49.3 N 123.2 W

15 Canada Resolute, N.W.T. 74.7 N 94.9 W

16 Canada Yellowknife, N.W.T. 62.5 N 114.5 W

17 Canada St. John's, N.L. 47.0 N 53.0 W

18 Chile Punta Arenas 53.1 S 70.6 W

19 Chile Hanga Roa, Easter Island 27.1 S 108.4 W

20 China Beijing 39.8 N 116.2 E

21 China Lanzhou 35.8 N 103.3 E

-175-

State responsible for Location Latitude Longitudestation

22 China Guangzhou 23.0 N 113.3 E

23 Cook Islands Rarotonga 21.2 S 159.8 W

24 Ecuador Isla San Cristóbal, 1.0 S 89.2 WGalápagos Islands

25 Ethiopia Filtu 5.5 N 42.7 E

26 Fiji Nadi 18.0 S 177.5 E

27 France Papeete, Tahiti 17.0 S 150.0 W

28 France Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe 17.0 N 62.0 W

29 France Réunion 21.1 S 55.6 E

30 France Port-aux-Français, 49.0 S 70.0 EKerguelen

31 France Cayenne, French Guiana 5.0 N 52.0 W

32 France Dumont d'Urville, Antarctica 66.0 S 140.0 E

33 Germany Schauinsland/Freiburg 47.9 N 7.9 E

34 Iceland Reykjavik 64.4 N 21.9 W

35 To be determined To be determined To be To bedetermined determined

36 Iran (Islamic Republic of) Tehran 35.0 N 52.0 E

37 Japan Okinawa 26.5 N 127.9 E

38 Japan Takasaki, Gunma 36.3 N 139.0 E

39 Kiribati Kiritimati 2.0 N 157.0 W

40 Kuwait Kuwait City 29.0 N 48.0 E

41 Libya Misratah 32.5 N 15.0 E

42 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 2.6 N 101.5 E

-176-

State responsible for Location Latitude Longitudestation

43 Mauritania Nouakchott 18.0 N 17.0 W

44 Mexico Baja California 28.0 N 113.0 W

45 Mongolia Ulaanbaatar 47.5 N 107.0 E

46 New Zealand Chatham Island 44.0 S 176.5 W

47 New Zealand Kaitaia 35.1 S 173.3 E

48 Niger Bilma 18.0 N 13.0 E

49 Norway Spitsbergen 78.2 N 16.4 E

50 Panama Panama City 8.9 N 79.6 W

51 Papua New Guinea New Hanover 3.0 S 150.0 E

52 Philippines Quezon City 14.5 N 121.0 E

53 Portugal Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, 37.4 N 25.4 WAzores

54 Russian Federation Kirov 58.6 N 49.4 E

55 Russian Federation Norilsk 69.0 N 88.0E

56 Russian Federation Peleduy 59.6 N 112.6 E

57 Russian Federation Bilibino 68.0 N 166.4 E

58 Russian Federation Ussuriysk 43.7 N 131.9 E

59 Russian Federation Zalesovo 53.9 N 84.8 E

60 Russian Federation Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy 53.1 N 158.8 E

61 Russian Federation Dubna 56.7 N 37.3 E

62 South Africa Marion Island 46.5 S 37.0 E

63 Sweden Stockholm 59.4 N 18.0 E

64 Tanzania Dar es Salaam 6.0 S 39.0 E

65 Thailand Bangkok 13.8 N 100.5 E

-177-

State responsible for Location Latitude Longitudestation

66 United Kingdom BIOT/Chagos Archipelago 7.0 S 72.0 E

67 United Kingdom St. Helena 16.0 S 6.0 W

68 United Kingdom Tristan da Cunha 37.0 S 12.3 W

69 United Kingdom Halley, Antarctica 76.0 S 28.0 W

70 United States of America Sacramento, CA 38.7 N 121.4 W

71 United States of America Sand Point, AK 55.0 N 160.0 W

72 United States of America Melbourne, FL 28.3 N 80.6 W

73 United States of America Palmer Station, Antarctica 64.5 S 64.0 W

74 United States of America Ashland, KS 37.2 N 99.8 W

75 United States of America Charlottesville, VA 38.0 N 78.0 W

76 United States of America Salchaket, AK 64.4 N 147.1 W

77 United States of America Wake Island 19.3 N 166.6 E

78 United States of America Midway Islands 28.0 N 177.0 W

79 United States of America Oahu, HI 21.5 N 158.0 W

80 United States of America Upi, Guam 13.7 N 144.9 E

-178-

Table 2-B List of Radionuclide Laboratories

State Name and place of laboratoryresponsiblefor Laboratory

1 Argentina National Board of Nuclear RegulationBuenos Aires

2 Australia Australian Radiation LaboratoryMelbourne, VIC

3 Austria Austrian Research CenterSeibersdorf

4 Brazil Institute of Radiation Protection and DosimetryRio de Janeiro

5 Canada Health CanadaOttawa, Ont.

6 China Beijing

7 Finland Centre for Radiation and Nuclear SafetyHelsinki

8 France Atomic Energy CommissionMontlhéry

9 Israel Soreq Nuclear Research CentreYavne

-179-

State Name and place of laboratoryresponsiblefor Laboratory

1 Italy Laboratory of the National Agency for the0 Protection of the Environment

Rome

1 Japan Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute1 Tokai, Ibaraki

1 New Zealand National Radiation Laboratory2 Christchurch

1 Russian Central Radiation Control Laboratory,3 Federation Ministry of Defence

Special Verification ServiceMoscow

1 South Africa Atomic Energy Corporation4 Pelindaba

1 United Kingdom AWE Blacknest5 Chilton

1 United States of McClellan Central Laboratories6 America Sacramento, CA

-180-

Table 3 List of Hydroacoustic Stations

State Location Latitude Longitud Typeresponsible efor station

1 Australia Cape 34.4 S 115.1 E HydrophonLeeuwin, WA e

2 Canada Queen 53.3 N 132.5 W T-phaseCharlotteIslands, B.C.

3 Chile Juan 33.7 S 78.8 W HydrophonFernández eIsland

4 France Crozet 46.5 S 52.2 E HydrophonIslands e

5 France Guadeloupe 16.3 N 61.1 W T-phase

6 Mexico Clarión Island 18.2 N 114.6 W T-phase

7 Portugal Flores 39.3 N 31.3 W T-phase

8 United BIOT/Chagos 7.3 S 72.4 E HydrophonKingdom Archipelago e

-181-

State Location Latitude Longitud Typeresponsible efor station

9 United Tristan da 37.2 S 12.5 W T-phaseKingdom Cunha

1 United Ascension 8.0 S 14.4 W Hydrophon0 Kingdom e

1 United States Wake Island 19.3 N 166.6 E Hydrophon1 of America e

-182-

Table 4 List of Infrasound Stations

State Location Latitude Longituderesponsiblefor station

1 Argentina Paso Flores 40.7 S 70.6 W

2 Argentina Ushuaia 55.0 S 68.0 W

3 Australia Davis Base, Antarctica 68.4 S 77.6 E

4 Australia Narrogin, WA 32.9 S 117.2 E

5 Australia Hobart, TAS 42.1 S 147.2 E

6 Australia Cocos Islands 12.3 S 97.0 E

7 Australia Warramunga, NT 19.9 S 134.3 E

8 Bolivia La Paz 16.3 S 68.1 W

9 Brazil Brasilia 15.6 S 48.0 W

1 Canada Lac du Bonnet, Man. 50.2 N 95.9 W0

1 Cape Verde Cape Verde Islands 16.0 N 24.0 W1

-183-

State Location Latitude Longituderesponsiblefor station

1 Central African Bangui 5.2 N 18.4 E2 Republic

1 Chile Easter Island 27.0 S 109.2 W3

1 Chile Juan Fernández Island 33.8 S 80.7 W4

1 China Beijing 40.0 N 116.0 E5

1 China Kunming 25.0 N 102.8 E6

1 Côte d'Ivoire Dimbokro 6.7 N 4.9 W7

1 Denmark Dundas, Greenland 76.5 N 68.7 W8

1 Djibouti Djibouti 11.3 N 43.5 E9

2 Ecuador Galápagos Islands 0.0 N 91.7 W0

-184-

State Location Latitude Longituderesponsiblefor station

2 France Marquesas Islands 10.0 S 140.0 W1

2 France Port LaGuerre, New 22.1 S 166.3 E2 Caledonia

2 France Kerguelen 49.2 S 69.1 E3

2 France Tahiti 17.6 S 149.6 W4

2 France Kourou, French Guiana 5.2 N 52.7 W5

2 Germany Freyung 48.9 N 13.7 E6

2 Germany Georg von Neumayer, 70.6 S 8.4 W7 Antarctica

2 To be To be determined To be To be8 determined determine determined

d

-185-

State Location Latitude Longituderesponsiblefor station

2 Iran (Islamic Tehran 35.7 N 51.4 E9 Republic of)

3 Japan Tsukuba 36.0 N 140.1 E0

3 Kazakstan Aktyubinsk 50.4 N 58.0 E1

3 Kenya Kilimanbogo 1.3 S 36.8 E2

3 Madagascar Antananarivo 18.8 S 47.5 E3

3 Mongolia Javhlant 48.0 N 106.8 E4

3 Namibia Tsumeb 19.1 S 17.4 E5

3 New Zealand Chatham Island 44.0 S 176.5 W6

3 Norway Karasjok 69.5 N 25.5 E7

-186-

State Location Latitude Longituderesponsiblefor station

3 Pakistan Rahimyar Khan 28.2 N 70.3 E8

3 Palau Palau 7.5 N 134.5 E9

4 Papua New Rabaul 4.1 S 152.1 E0 Guinea

4 Paraguay Villa Florida 26.3 S 57.3 W1

4 Portugal Azores 37.8 N 25.5 W2

4 Russian Dubna 56.7 N 37.3 E3 Federation

4 Russian Petropavlovsk- 53.1 N 158.8 E4 Federation Kamchatskiy

4 Russian Ussuriysk 43.7 N 131.9 E5 Federation

4 Russian Zalesovo 53.9 N 84.8 E6 Federation

-187-

State Location Latitude Longituderesponsiblefor station

4 South Africa Boshof 28.6 S 25.4 E7

4 Tunisia Thala 35.6 N 8.7 E8

4 United Tristan da Cunha 37.0 S 12.3 W9 Kingdom

5 United Ascension 8.0 S 14.3 W0 Kingdom

5 United Bermuda 32.0 N 64.5 W1 Kingdom

5 United BIOT/Chagos Archipelago 5.0 S 72.0 E2 Kingdom

5 United States Eielson, AK 64.8 N 146.9 W3 of America

5 United States Siple Station, Antarctica 75.5 S 83.6 W4 of America

5 United States Windless Bight, Antarctica 77.5 S 161.8 E5 of America

-188-

State Location Latitude Longituderesponsiblefor station

5 United States Newport, WA 48.3 N 117.1 W6 of America

5 United States Piñon Flat, CA 33.6 N 116.5 W7 of America

5 United States Midway Islands 28.1N 177.2 W8 of America

5 United States Hawaii, HI 19.6 N 155.3 W9 of America

6 United States Wake Island 19.3 N 166.6 E0 of America

-189-

ANNEX 2 TO THE PROTOCOL

List of Characterization Parameters for InternationalData Centre Standard Event Screening

1. The International Data Centre standard eventscreening criteria shall be based on the standard eventcharacterization parameters determined during thecombined processing of data from all the monitoringtechnologies in the International Monitoring System. Standard event screening shall make use of both global andsupplementary screening criteria to take account of regionalvariations where applicable.

2. For events detected by the International MonitoringSystem seismic component, the following parameters, interalia, may be used:

- location of the event;- depth of the event;- ratio of the magnitude of surface waves to body

waves;- signal frequency content;

-190-

- spectral ratios of phases;- spectral scalloping;- first motion of the P-wave;- focal mechanism;- relative excitation of seismic phases;- comparative measures to other events and groups of

events; and- regional discriminants where applicable. 3. For events detected by the International MonitoringSystem hydroacoustic component, the followingparameters, inter alia, may be used:

- signal frequency content including corner frequency,wide-band energy, and mean centre frequency andbandwidth;

- frequency-dependent duration of signals;- spectral ratio; and- indications of bubble-pulse signals and bubble-pulse

delay.

-191-

4. For events detected by the International MonitoringSystem infrasound component, the following parameters,inter alia, may be used:

- signal frequency content and dispersion;- signal duration; and- peak amplitude.

5. For events detected by the International MonitoringSystem radionuclide component, the following parameters,inter alia, may be used:

- concentration of background natural and man-maderadionuclides;

- concentration of specific fission and activationproducts outside normal observations; and

- ratios of one specific fission and activation product toanother.

-----