T E M P L E U N I V E R S I T Y

G R E E N H O U S E G A S I N V E N T O R Y P R O G R AM

F I S C A L Y E A R 2 0 1 0 U P D A T E

prepared by the

Office of Sustainability

1913 North Broad Street Philadelphia, PA

www.temple.edu/sustainability

04 May 2011

FY2010 GHG Inventory Update 2

FY 2010 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS UPDATE

Temple University (Temple) has prepared a greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory program in support of its participation in the American College and University Presidents’ Climate Commitment (ACUPCC). This inventory is an update which summarizes Temple’s fiscal year 2010 GHG emissions and supplements the previously published inventory for fiscal years 2006 through 2009.

This inventory quantifies Temple’s anthropogenic GHG emissions from energy consumption, waste disposal, agricultural activities, use of chemicals and refrigerants, and commuter transportation choices and tracks emissions of three primary greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Using the methodology of Clean Air Cool Planet eCalculator tool (version 6.6), GHG emissions are expressed in Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalents (MTeCO2). The individual greenhouse gases are converted to carbon dioxide equivalent values using the global warming potential (GWP) of the respective gases to convert them to common units. The total MTeCO2 is the sum of the emissions from each source. Inventory boundaries and definitions are summarized as follows:

GHG Accounting Protocols World Resources Institute/World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WRI/WBCSD) GHG accounting protocols in conjunction with the Clean Air – Cool Planet (CACP) Campus Carbon Calculator (v6.6)

Organizational Boundary Includes only those campuses where the university has operational control and can enforce a change in policy. Includes: Main, Ambler, Health Sciences, Podiatric and Tyler campuses. Excludes: Temple University Health System and Center City, Harrisburg, Fort Washington and International Campuses.

Operational Boundary Scope 1 – Direct emissions: stationary sources (natural gas, oil, propane), mobile sources (leased/owned University fleet), process sources (application of fertilizer), fugitive sources (refrigerant leakage, usage of CO2). Scope 2 – Indirect emissions (those outside of the organizational boundary) from purchased electricity and steam. Scope 3 – Other indirect emissions from employee and student commuting, employee air travel, landfilled solid waste, and transmission and distribution losses.

De minimis threshold 5% - Emission sources that collectively account for a small percentage of entity-wide emissions (<5%) can be called de minimis and may be approximated. Temple’s de minimis sources include mobile sources, process sources, fugitive sources, purchased steam, and landfilled solid waste.

Baseline Year Fiscal year 2005-2006 (FY 2006). This is the first year for which complete, verifiable emissions data is available.

Emissions Intensity Metric Gross square footage (GSF) and full-time equivalent students (FTE). These are used to normalize emissions to account for institutional growth over time.

Reporting Frequency Fiscal year (July 1 to June 30) reporting. Report FY 2006-2008, update FY 2009 and FY 2010 with reporting at least every other year subsequently.

Reporting methodology changes from FY 2009 are summarized in Attachment A. The Office of Sustainability would like to thank the following Temple University affiliates who contributed information and data to the FY 2010 GHG Inventory: Kurt Bresser, Facilities Management; David Broadus, Division of Student Affairs; Marshall Budin, Facilities Management; Rafael DeLuna, Office of University Housing; James DeNofa, Facilities Management; Robert Gage, Sponsored Research Programs; Mark H. Gottlieb, Facilities Management; John Hughes, Facilities Management; Craig Jankowski, Liacouras Center; Jonathan Latko, Computer Recycling Center; Jason Levy, Division of Student Affairs; Tom McCreesh, Facilities Management; David J. McDonough, Environmental Health & Radiation Safety; Harry Metzinger, Athletics Business and Administration; John Moore III, Dept. of Institutional Research; Anthony Morris, Facilities Management Podiatric Medicine; Robert W. O’Malley, Office of the VP for Research; Kurt Pflugfelder, Scheduling and Space Management; Ramona Richardson, Office of Business Services; Craig Roncace, Facilities Management.

FY2010 GHG Inventory Update 3

INVENTORY RESULTS

In FY 2010, Temple University’s total gross emissions were 230,567 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTeCO2). Of the total emissions, 48% were attributable to purchased electricity consumption, 25% to stationary sources and 19% to transportation activities with a large portion attributable to commuting. Mobile sources (university fleet), refrigerants, fertilizers, purchased steam, solid waste, and transmission and distribution losses made up the remainder, approximately 8% of the total emissions. Temple’s total gross emissions were reduced to a net of 227,511 MTeCO2 through carbon offsets. The primary emission sources were purchased electricity, stationary combustion, and commuting (student, faculty and staff), collectively accounting for approximately 88% of total annual gross emissions. Data for each emission source was collected in a GHG scorecard (Attachment B) and was used to populate the CA-CP Campus Carbon Calculator. Data sources are summarized in Attachment C. The resulting emission estimates from FY 2006 through FY 2010 are summarized below. GHG Emissions Summary

FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010Stationary (oil, natural gas, propane) 58,850 56,886 46,749 62,592 56,616Mobile (University fleet) 615 639 621 890 856Fugitive (Refrigerants & Cryogenic CO2) 1,764 1,702 1,682 2,301 2,295Process (Agriculture/Fertilizer) 14 11 13 6 4Total Gross Emissions Scope 1 61,244 59,237 49,065 65,789 59,771Purchased Electricity 105,124 107,831 111,523 108,586 111,764Purchased Steam 287 329 342 372 365Total Gross Emissions Scope 2 105,411 108,159 111,864 108,958 112,128Faculty/Staff Commuting 11,480 11,520 11,693 11,951 9,463Student Commuting 25,692 26,079 26,949 28,086 24,048Air Travel 7,047 7,868 7,950 8,605 9,874Solid Waste 5,229 4,981 4,639 3,994 4,211Transmission & Distribution Losses 10,412 10,682 11,048 10,759 11,073Total Gross Emissions Scope 3 59,860 61,130 62,279 63,394 58,668Total Gross Emissions 226,515 228,526 223,208 238,141 230,567Gross Square Footage (GSF) 8,266,175 8,271,765 8,271,765 9,171,147 9,055,532Full-time Equivalent Students (FTE) 27,055 27,560 28,535 29,901 31,363Total Gross Emission Intensity per 1000 GSF 27.40 27.63 26.98 25.97 25.46Total Gross Emission Intensity per FTE Student 8.37 8.29 7.82 7.96 7.35Offsets -157 -2,517 -3,649 -5,144 -3,056Total Net Emissions 226,358 226,009 219,559 232,997 227,511Total Net Emission Intensity per 1000 GSF 27.38 27.32 26.54 25.41 25.12Total Net Emission Intensity per FTE 8.37 8.20 7.69 7.79 7.25

Scope 2 Emissions(MTCO2E)

Scope 1 Emissions(MTCO2E)

Scope 1-3Net

Emissions(MTCO2E)

Scope 3 Emissions(MTCO2E)

Scope 1-3Gross

Emissions(MTCO2E)

Total Gross Emissions Reported to ACUPCC1 226,219 223,497 218,284 233,138 1 Refer to Attachment A for reporting methodology changes

FY2010 GHG Inventory Update 4

TRENDS FROM FY 2009 TO FY 2010

Total gross emissions decreased by 3.2% from FY 2009 to FY 2010. Scope 1 emissions decreased by 9.1% and can be attributed primarily to fuel switching (No.6 fuel oil to natural gas). Scope 2 emissions increased by 2.9% and can be attributed to the increase in purchased electricity. Electricity usage increase was mostly likely due to three university buildings being fully online in FY 2010, including Alter Hall (01/2009), the Medical Education Research Building (05/2009) and Tyler School of Art (01/2009). Scope 3 emissions decreased by 7.5% from the reduction of student, faculty and staff commuting miles. In FY 2010, total gross emission intensity per 1000 gross square feet (GSF) declined by 1.9% and total gross emission intensity per full-time equivalent students (FTE) declined by 7.7% relative to FY 2009.

For reference, average Scope 1-3 gross emission intensities for doctorate-granting universities are 19.69 MTeCO2/1000 GSF and 7.81 MTeCO2/FTE (ACUPCC Reporting System; http://acupcc.aashe.org; accessed 12 April 2011). On a per FTE basis, Temple’s emission intensity of 7.35 MTeCO2/FTE is slightly lower than average, whereas on a GSF basis, Temple’s emission intensity of 25.46 MTeCO2 is slightly higher than average. Overall, Temple’s current emission intensities are comparable to peer institutions.

Emission Reductions Stationary source emissions, a significant contributor to Temple’s emissions, were reduced in FY 2010 by 5,976 MTeCO2. Again, this reduction is attributed to the decreased use of No. 6 fuel oil which was replaced by natural gas, a cleaner fuel. Another significant reduction occurred in transportation with a 5,258 MTeCO2 reduction from FY 2009. A new transportation survey was conducted during FY 2010 which resulted in reduced commuting miles and fewer emissions (refer to Attachment A). Although differences in survey methodologies from 2007 to 2010 may have played a role in the decrease, university-wide transportation initiatives implemented since the 2007 survey have contributed to changes in commuting habits. These initiatives include the creation of Bike Temple to promote bicycle use and educational campaigns to promote Temple’s University Pass Program, employee transit benefits and car pooling/sharing options. Temple increased its compressed natural gas fleet from 10 vehicles in FY 2009 to 16 vehicles in FY 2010. This resulted in reduced diesel and gas consumption and decreased emissions of 3.7%. Although a small contributor to Temple’s GHG emissions, another notable reduction includes the reduction of synthetic fertilizer use by 40%. Temple reduced FY 2010 GHG emissions from 230,567 MTeCO2 to 227,511 MTeCO2 (a 3,056 MTeCO2 reduction) through offsets generated by the following on-campus activities:

• Composting (37 tons at Ambler campus); • University computer reuse and recycling (4,556 units).

FY2010 GHG Inventory Update 5

ATTACHMENT A: Methodology Changes from the FY2009 Report

INVENTORY TOOL

The FY 2006-2008 GHG inventory was conducted using version 6.1 of the CA-CP Campus Carbon Calculator and the FY 2009 inventory was conducted using version 6.4 of the calculator.

The FY 2010 inventory was conducted using version 6.6 of the calculator. The most significant changes between version 6.6 and earlier versions of the calculator are the increase in emission multipliers for electricity and solid waste. Therefore, the total gross emissions for FY 2006–2009 are higher using version 6.6 than what was previously reported to the ACUPCC. Total emissions for FY 2006-2009 have been recalculated using version 6.6 and the updated values are reflected in the GHG Emissions Summary.

SCOPE 1 EMISSIONS

The CA-CP Campus Carbon Calculator input unit for the natural gas fleet is MMBtu. The FY 2006 through FY 2009 GHG inventory erroneously reported the natural gas fleet in gas gallon equivalent (GGE). These input values have been corrected and the updated emission values are reflected in the GHG Emissions Summary.

The Office of Facilities Management provided corrected (increased) values for the FY 2009 gasoline and diesel fleet. An automated fleet management system was implemented in FY 2010 and the usage values for FY 2009 were audited using this new system. The emissions in the GHG Emissions Summary reflect the updated values for FY 2009.

SCOPE 3 EMISSIONS

Temple University conducted a transportation survey during spring 2010. The 2010 Temple University Transportation Survey was used to populate the student, faculty and staff commuting portion of the CA-CP Campus Carbon Calculator for FY 2010 GHG inventory. Previous inventories used data from Temple’s 2007 Transportation Survey. The 2010 survey is expected to reflect a more accurate picture of Temple commuting habits because it includes freshman, a population subset that was excluded in the 2007 survey. Paper purchasing was included in FY 2008 GHG inventory, but was excluded from the FY 2009 inventory because it is not representative of all university purchasing. Paper purchasing has been removed from the GHG inventory and the GHG Emissions Summary reflects the change in FY 2008 for scope 3 emissions.

FY2010 GHG Inventory Update 6

ATTACHMENT B: GHG Scorecard

FY2010 GHG Inventory Update 7

FY2010 GHG Inventory Update 8

ATTACHMENT C: Data Sources

FY2010 GHG Inventory Update 9

FY2010 GHG Inventory Update 10