September 2019 Quarterly Update - Department of Industry, … · 2020-02-23 · 6 / Quarterly Update of Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory: September 2019 Source: Department

Quarterly Update of Australia’s

National Greenhouse Gas

Inventory: September 2019

Incorporating emissions from the NEM up to December 2019

Australia’s National Greenhouse Accounts

2 / Quarterly Update of Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory: September 2019

© Commonwealth of Australia, 2020.

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This report should be attributed as ‘Quarterly Update of Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory:

September 2019, Commonwealth of Australia 2020.

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Preface The Quarterly Update provides estimates of Australia’s national inventory of greenhouse gas emissions

used by the Australian Government to track progress towards its Paris Agreement target1; up to the

September quarter of 2019, and emissions from the National Electricity Market (NEM)2 up to the

December quarter 2019.

National emission levels3 for the September quarter 2019 were unchanged relative to the previous

quarter, on a seasonally adjusted and weather normalised basis, as well as in trend terms.

Emissions for the year to September 2019 are estimated to be 530.8 Mt CO2-e, down 0.3 per cent or

1.4 Mt CO2-e on the previous year. Strong growth in emissions from stationary energy (2.6 per cent or

2.6 Mt CO2-e) and fugitive emissions (6.1 per cent or 3.3 Mt CO2-e), were offset by the combination of

the ongoing reduction in emissions from electricity (2.0 per cent or 3.6 Mt CO2-e) and the effects of the

drought on agriculture (5.8 per cent or 4.1 Mt CO2-e).

Australia’s emissions for the year to September 2019 declined by 15.4 per cent since the peak in the

year to June 2007 and were 1.0 per cent below emissions in 2000 and 13.1 per cent below emissions in

2005.

In the year to September 2019, emissions per capita and the emissions intensity of the economy were

at their lowest levels in 29 years. Emissions per capita were lower than 1990 by 40.4 per cent while the

emissions intensity of the economy was 62.7 per cent lower than in 1990 (Figure P1).

Figure P1: Emissions per capita and per dollar of real GDP, year to September 1990 to 2019

Emissions from the electricity sector are experiencing a long term decline, down 15.9 per cent from the

peak recorded in the year to June 2009. Emissions in the NEM for the December quarter 2019

decreased by 0.8 per cent on a seasonally adjusted and weather normalised basis compared with the

previous quarter.4 For the December 2019 quarter, generation from renewables increased 7.3 per cent

due to increases of 13.2 per cent for wind, 3.7 per cent for hydro and 24.7 per cent for solar generation

(seasonally adjusted).

1 National inventory with the application of the IPCC’s natural disturbances provision. 2 The NEM includes grid electricity in the Eastern and South Eastern states and accounts for approximately 83 per cent of total electricity estimates

in the year to September 2019. 3 National emissions levels are inclusive of all sectors of the economy, including Land Use, Land use Change and Forestry (LULUCF). 4 ‘Actual’, ‘seasonally adjusted, weather normalised’ and ‘trend’ are defined in Section 5 - Technical notes

0.20

0.25

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0.65

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0.75

0.80

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36

Year to September

Emissions per capita Emissions per dollar of real GDP

t CO

2-e

per

pers

onkg CO

2 -eper $

of real GD

P

Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources


Contents

PREFACE ............................................................................... 3

1. OVERVIEW ....................................................................... 5

2. SECTORAL ANALYSIS ......................................................... 9

2.1 ENERGY – ELECTRICITY 9

2.2 ENERGY – STATIONARY ENERGY EXCLUDING ELECTRICITY 11

2.3 ENERGY – TRANSPORT 12

2.4 ENERGY – FUGITIVE EMISSIONS 13

2.5 INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT USE 14

2.6 AGRICULTURE 15

2.7 WASTE 16

2.8 LAND USE, LAND USE CHANGE AND FORESTRY 16

3. EMISSIONS PER CAPITA AND PER DOLLAR OF GDP ......... 18

4. CONSUMPTION-BASED NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS

INVENTORY .................................................................... 19

5. TECHNICAL NOTES .......................................................... 22

6. DATA TABLES .................................................................. 30

7. RELATED PUBLICATIONS AND RESOURCES ...................... 44


1. Overview Table 1: National Greenhouse Gas Inventory5, September quarter 2019, emissions growth rates

September quarter

2019 Year to

September 2019

Quarterly change – seasonally adjusted and weather normalised6 0.0%

Quarterly change – seasonally adjusted and weather normalised – trend5 0.0%

Annual Change

-0.3%

Table 2: National Electricity Market (NEM)7, December quarter 2019, emissions growth rates

December quarter 2019

Year to December 2019

Quarterly change – seasonally adjusted and weather normalised5 -0.8%

Quarterly change – seasonally adjusted and weather normalised – trend5 -1.4%

Annual Change -3.2%

Summary of emissions in the September quarter 2019

National emissions for the September quarter 2019 were unchanged relative to the previous quarter, on

a seasonally adjusted and weather normalised basis, emissions were also flat in trend terms

(Figure 1 and Figure 2).

Figure 1: Emissions2, by quarter, September 2009 to September 2019

5 National emissions levels are inclusive of all sectors of the economy, including Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF). 6 ‘Actual’, ‘seasonally adjusted, weather normalised’ and ‘trend’ are defined in Section 5: Technical notes 7 The NEM includes grid electricity in the Eastern and South Eastern states and accounts for approximately 80 per cent of total electricity estimates

in the year to December 2019.

120

130

140

150

160

Em

issi

on

s (M

t C

O2-e

)

Actual emissions Seasonally adjusted and weather normalised




Figure 2: Emissions growth rates, by quarter, September 2009 to September 2019

On a seasonally adjusted basis, the ongoing reduction in electricity emissions (1.5 per cent or

0.7 Mt CO2-e) and the effects of the drought on agriculture (2.2 per cent or 0.4 Mt CO2-e) partially offset

by increases in emissions from stationary energy and land use, land use change and forestry (0.5 per

cent or 0.1 Mt CO2-e and 16.8 per cent or 0.8 Mt CO2-e respectively).

Trend emissions (Figure 3) were flat in the September quarter. Increases in emissions in the stationary

energy, transport, fugitive emissions, and land use, land use change and forestry sectors were offset by

decreases in emissions in the electricity, and agriculture sectors.

Figure 3: Trend emissions, by quarter, September 2009 to September 2019

-4%

-3%

-2%

-1%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

Qu

art

erl

y c

ha

ng

e i

n e

mis

sio

ns

(%)

Seasonally adjusted and weather normalised Trend

125

130

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140

145

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155

Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e

)

Trend




Summary of annual emissions

Emissions for the year to September 2019 are estimated to be 530.8 Mt CO2-e. The 0.3 per cent or

1.4 Mt CO2-e decrease in emissions over the year to September reflects annual decreases in emissions

from the electricity, transport and agriculture sectors. These decreases in emissions were partially offset

by increases in emissions from stationary energy, fugitive, and land use, land use change and forestry

sectors (Table 3).

Table 3: ‘Actual’ annual emissions, by sector, for the year to September 2018 and 2019

Sector

Annual emissions (Mt CO2-e)

Change (%) Year to September

2018

Year to September

2019

Energy – Electricity 181.7 178.1 -2.0

Energy – Stationary energy excluding electricity 97.9 100.5 2.6

Energy – Transport 101.0 100.3 -0.7

Energy – Fugitive emissions 54.1 57.3 6.1

Industrial processes and product use 34.7 34.7 0.0

Agriculture 70.5 66.4 -5.8

Waste 11.8 11.8 0.0

Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry -19.6 -18.4 6.2

National Inventory Total 532.2 530.8 -0.3

Figure 4: Share of total emissions, by sector, for the year to September 2019

Emissions from total export industries increased by 3.5 per cent (7.0 Mt CO2-e), mainly reflecting the

increases in LNG exports (up 17.4 per cent). The increases in LNG exports contributed 1.4 Mt CO2-e to

the 2.6 Mt CO2-e increase in stationary energy (excluding electricity) emissions and 3.7 Mt CO2-e to

fugitive emissions due to flaring and the venting and leakage of methane and carbon dioxide.

Over the year to September 2019 there were decreases in emissions from the electricity, transport and

agriculture sectors. The 2.0 per cent decrease in emissions from the electricity sector is mainly due to a

Electricity33.6%

Stationary energy excluding electricity

18.9%Transport

18.9%

Fugitive emissions10.8% Industrial processes

and product use6.5%

Agriculture12.5%

Waste2.2%

LULUCF-3.5%

-10%

-5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%



2.7 per cent reduction in coal generation, a 4.3 per cent reduction in gas generation, and a

corresponding 14.1 per cent increase in supply from renewable sources in the NEM.

Transport emissions decreased 0.7 per cent over the year to September reflecting a 3.2 per cent

decrease in petrol consumption. The 5.8 per cent decline in emissions from the agriculture sector

reflects the effects of drought which has led to a decline in livestock populations as well as fertiliser

use.8

Sectoral trends since 1990

Australia’s emissions in the year to September 2019 were 530.8 Mt CO2-e, which is 11.4 per cent

(68.6 Mt CO2-e) lower than in the year to September 1990.

In percentage terms, the transport sector has experienced the largest increase, increasing 64.0 per cent

(39.1 Mt CO2-e) between 1990 and the year to September 2019. Other sectors which have increased in

emissions since 1990 include fugitive emissions (53.7 per cent or 20.0 Mt CO2-e) where emissions were

relatively stable until 2015 when emissions increased strongly as a result of the growth of the LNG

industry, stationary energy excluding electricity (52.2 per cent or 34.5 Mt CO2-e), electricity

(36.9 per cent or 48.0 Mt CO2-e) where emissions had been increasing steadily to a peak in 2009

followed by a decline due primarily to the increasing generation from renewable sources, and industrial

processes and product use (34.3 per cent or 8.9 Mt CO2-e).

In contrast, the waste and agriculture sectors have each decreased in emissions since 1990. Land Use,

Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) emissions have decreased by the largest margin of any

sector since 1990 (110.3 per cent or 197.1 Mt CO2-e).

The change in emissions from each sector from the year to September 1990 to 2019 in percentage

terms is presented in Figure 5.

Figure 5: Percentage change in emissions, by sector, since year to September 1990

8 Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (2019). Agricultural Commodities, December Quarter 2019.

-120%

-100%

-80%

-60%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Pe

r ce

nt

cha

ng

e i

n e

mis

sio

ns

on

19

89

-90

(%

)

Electricity

Stationary energyexcluding electricity

Transport

Fugitive emissions

Industrial processesand product use

Agriculture

Waste

LULUCF



2. Sectoral Analysis 2.1 Energy – Electricity

Electricity generation is the largest source of emissions in the national inventory, accounting for

33.6 per cent of emissions in the year to September 2019 (Figure 4).

Electricity sector emissions in the year to September 2019 were 15.9 per cent (33.6 Mt CO2-e) lower

than the peak recorded in the year to June 2009 (Data Table 1A).

Electricity sector emissions decreased 1.5 per cent in the September quarter of 2019 on a ‘seasonally

adjusted and weather normalised’9 basis (Figure 6). This reflected strong increases in solar generation

(22.2 per cent) and decreases in coal generation (3.4 per cent) in the National Electricity Market (NEM).

Over the year to September 2019, emissions from electricity decreased by 2.0 per cent compared with

the year to September 2018.

Figure 6: Electricity sector emissions, by quarter, September 2009 to September 2019

National Electricity Market (NEM) emissions

Emissions in the NEM for the December quarter 2019 decreased by 0.8 per cent on a seasonally

adjusted and weather normalised basis compared with the previous quarter (Figure 7). Emissions from

the NEM account for around 83 per cent of national electricity emissions.

9 Two adjustments are made:

a) Seasonal adjustment is a first-order adjustment using Eurostat software that systematically corrects emissions data for average fluctuations in seasonal conditions which, for example, controls for the effects of two seasonal peaks in electricity demand: one in winter (associated with demand for heating) and one in summer (associated with demand for cooling); and

b) Weather normalisation is a second-order adjustment that systematically corrects emissions data for atypical temperature effects on electricity demand within the year which, for example, controls for the effects of unusually cold winters or unusually hot summers.

The weather normalisation methodology is described in detail in ‘Section 7: Special Topic’ of the December 2011 Quarterly Update

42

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50

52

54

56

Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e

)

Actual emissions Seasonally adjusted and weather normalised emissions


Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources, Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO, 2019), obtained

using NEM-Review software

Source: Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO, 2020), obtained using NEM-Review software

Figure 7: NEM electricity emissions, by quarter, December 2009 to December 2019

For the December 2019 quarter, generation from renewables increased 9.3 per cent in trend terms

(Figure 8). This was due to increases in all forms of renewable generation.

Figure 8: Change in electricity generation in the NEM (trend), by fuel, by quarter, September 2009 to

December 2019

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36

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Actual emissions Seasonally adjusted and weather normalised emissions

-12

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-8

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0

2

4

Ele

ctri

city

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Wh

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Coal

Gas

Wind

Hydro

Solar




2.2 Energy – Stationary energy excluding electricity

Stationary energy excluding electricity includes emissions from direct combustion of fuels,

predominantly from the manufacturing, mining, residential and commercial sectors.

In the year to September 2019, stationary energy excluding electricity accounted for 18.9 per cent of

Australia’s national inventory (Figure 4).

Emissions from stationary energy excluding electricity in the September quarter of 2019 increased

0.4 per cent in trend terms compared with the June quarter of 2019. Emissions over the year to

September 2019, increased by 2.5 per cent when compared with the previous year.

Figure 9: Stationary energy excluding electricity emissions and energy industries excluding electricity

by quarter, September 2009 to September 2019

Figure 10: LNG exports, by quarter, September 1991 to September 2019

4

6

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12

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20

Emis

sion

s (M

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Energy industries excluding electricity Stationary energy excluding electricity

0

5

10

15

20

Exp

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s (

Mill

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tonn

es)



Actual emissions from stationary energy excluding electricity are estimated to have increased by

2.6 Mt CO2-e in the year to September 2019 compared with the year to September 2018 (Figure 9). This

was driven primarily by a 1.4 Mt CO2-e increase in emissions due to the 17.4 per cent increase in LNG

exports in the year to September 2019 (Figure 10).

2.3 Energy – Transport

The transport sector includes emissions from the direct combustion of fuels in transportation by road,

rail, domestic aviation and domestic shipping. The main fuels used for transport are automotive gasoline

(petrol), diesel oil, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and aviation turbine fuel.

In the year to September 2019, transport accounted for 18.9 per cent of Australia’s national inventory

(Figure 4).

Emissions in the September 2019 quarter increased 0.3 per cent in trend terms, while ‘actual’ emissions

increased 0.7 per cent (Figure 11). This is attributed to increased petrol and diesel sales for the

September 2019 quarter.

Emissions from transport over the year to September 2019 decreased by 0.7 per cent when compared

with the previous year. This decline in transport emissions reflected a 3.2 per cent annual decline in

petrol consumption.

The domestic transport sector accounts for over 70 per cent10 of liquid fuels consumed in Australia. The

past six years have seen a decrease in the consumption of petrol (including ethanol-blended) of

5.3 per cent and a strong increase in diesel consumption of 19.2 per cent (Figure 12).

Figure 11: Transport emissions, actual and trend, by quarter, September 2009 to September 2019

10 Department of the Environment and Energy (2019). Australian Energy Statistics: Table F. https://www.energy.gov.au/publications/australian-

energy-update-2019

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(Mt

CO

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Transport - actual Transport - Trend

https://www.energy.gov.au/publications/australian-energy-update-2019





Figure 12: Consumption of primary liquid fuels, actual and trend, by quarter,

September 2009 to September 2019

2.4 Energy – Fugitive emissions

Fugitive emissions occur during the production, processing, transport, storage, transmission and

distribution of fossil fuels. These include coal, crude oil and natural gas. Emissions from

decommissioned underground coal mines are also included in this sector.

Figure 13: Fugitive emissions, actual and trend, by sub-sector, by quarter


3500

4000

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Petrol Diesel Petrol - Trend Diesel - Trend

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Coal - actual emissions Crude oil and natural gas - actual emissions

Coal - trend Crude oil and natural gas - trend



Fugitive emissions in the September quarter decreased 0.4 per cent on a seasonally adjusted basis.

Emissions increased in trend terms by 1.4 per cent.

The decrease in emissions was driven by coal mining fugitives which declined by 12.8 per cent. This

was a result of a 3.4 per cent decrease in underground coal production, comprising a 38.5 per cent fall

in production from the gassy NSW Southern Coal Field. Partially offsetting these decreases were

increases associated with total gas production (5.8 per cent). Underlying this rise was a 6.7 per cent

increase in LNG exports.

Annual emissions in this sector increased by 6.1 per cent over the year to September 2019

(Figure 13). This increase in fugitive emissions was driven by an increase of 22.8 per cent in natural gas

production11, and partially offset by a decrease of 2.9 per cent in underground coal production.

2.5 Industrial processes and product use

Emissions from industrial processes and product use occur as the result of by-products of materials and

reactions used in production processes. This sector includes emissions from processes used to produce

chemical, metal, and mineral products. It also includes emissions from the consumption of synthetic

gases.

In the year to September 2019, industrial processes and product use accounted for 6.5 per cent of

Australia’s national inventory (Figure 4). In actual terms, emissions were flat over the year to September

2019 (Figure 14).

Trend emissions for industrial processes and product use decreased by 0.3 per cent in the September

quarter on the previous quarter.

Figure 14: Industrial processes and product use emissions, actual, by sub-sector, by quarter,


11 Department of Industry, Innovation and Science (2020). Resources and Energy Quarterly, December 2019

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

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3.0

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4.0

Emis

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ns

(Mt

CO2-

e)

Chemical industry

Productssubstituted forOzone DepletingSubstances

Metal industry

Mineral industry

Other productionand lubricant use



2.6 Agriculture

Emissions from agriculture include methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide. Methane and nitrous

oxide emissions are estimated for enteric fermentation and manure management in livestock. They are

also estimated for rice cultivation, agricultural soils and field burning of agricultural residues. Carbon

dioxide emissions are reported from the application of urea and lime (Figure 15).

In the year to September 2019, agriculture accounted for 12.5 per cent of Australia’s national inventory

(Figure 4). Emissions from agriculture have decreased by 5.8 per cent over the year to September

2019.

Figure 15: Agriculture emissions, trend, by quarter, September 2009 to September 201912

Drought conditions in the September quarter 2019 impacted the cattle and sheep industries due to poor

grazing conditions and the high cost and availability of grain. The lack of feed available led to elevated

levels of turn-off of both sheep and cattle resulting in a contraction in the Australian national herd and

flock - forecast to reach its lowest levels since the early 1990s in 202013. Floods in Queensland in early

2019 also led to a significant loss of cattle (approximately 600,000)14

Drought conditions also caused a decline in crop production throughout Australia in the September

quarter 2019. Low level soil moisture levels led to decreased cropping areas, and in turn, yields. In

addition, high water prices and low availability of irrigation water saw a decline in production of irrigated

crops, in particular, rice.15

The forecast volume of farm production for 2019–20 is similar to levels last recorded during the

Millennium Drought.

12 The nature of the data underpinning the agriculture estimates creates an anomaly in the actual quarterly data which is managed through seasonal adjustment and weather normalisation (Data Tables 1B and 1C). 13 Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (2019). Agricultural Commodities, December Quarter 2019 14 Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (2019). Agricultural Commodities, June Quarter 2019 15 Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (2019). Australian Crop Report, December 2019.

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Emis

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(Mt

CO

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Agriculture emissions (trend)



2.7 Waste

The waste sector includes emissions from landfills, wastewater treatment, waste incineration and the

biological treatment of solid waste. Emissions largely consist of methane, which is generated when

organic matter decays under anaerobic conditions.

In the year to September 2019, waste accounted for 2.2 per cent of Australia’s national inventory

(Figure 4).

Emissions from waste remained steady over the year to September 2019 (Figure 16).

Figure 16: Waste emissions, actual, by sub-sector, by quarter, September 2009 to September 2019

2.8 Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry

The Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector of the national inventory includes

estimates of net anthropogenic emissions for forests and agricultural lands and changes in land use.

In the year to September 2019, the LULUCF sector16 accounted for a net sink equivalent to 3.5 per cent

of Australia’s national inventory (Figure 4).

Net emissions for the LULUCF sector in the year to September 2019 are estimated to be a sink of

18.4 Mt CO2-e (Figure 17). The sink of emissions has shrunk by 6.2 per cent (1.2 Mt CO

2-e) on the

previous twelve months (Table 3).

16 LULUCF includes Forest converted to other uses, Forest land remaining forest land, Land converted to forest land, Grassland remaining

grassland (including Wetlands and Settlements) and Cropland remaining cropland.

0.0

0.5

1.0

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2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO2-

e)

Solid waste disposal on land Wastewater handling Waste incineration and biological treatment of solid waste



Figure 17: LULUCF net anthropogenic emissions, by sub-sector, year to September, 1990 to 2019



3. Emissions per capita and per dollar

of GDP In the year to September 2019 emissions per capita, and the emissions intensity of the economy are at

their lowest levels in 29 years.17

National inventory emissions per capita were 21.0 t CO2-e per person in the year to September 2019.

This represents a 40.4 per cent decline in national inventory emissions per capita from 35.2 t CO2-e in

the year to September 1990.

Over the period from 1989-90 to September 2019, Australia’s population grew strongly from 17.1 million

to around 25.5 million.18,19 This reflects growth of 49.2 per cent.

Australia’s real GDP (chain volume measures) also experienced significant growth over this period,

expanding from $0.8 trillion in 1989-90 to around $1.9 trillion in the year to September 2019.20 This

represents a growth of 137.2 per cent.

National inventory emissions per dollar of real GDP fell from 0.8 kg CO2-e per dollar in the year to

September 1990 to 0.3 kg CO2-e per dollar in the year to September 2019 (Figure 18). This represents

a decline of 62.7 per cent from the year to September 1990.

Figure 18: Emissions per capita and per dollar of real GDP, actual, year to September 1990 to 2019

17 Emissions per capita and per dollar of real GDP levels are inclusive of all sectors of the economy, including Land Use, Land Use Change and

Forestry (LULUCF) 18 Australian Bureau of Statistics (2020), Australian Demographic Statistics, pub. no. 3101 http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/3101.0 19 Australian Bureau of Statistics (2020), Population Clock. http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Web+Pages/Population+Clock 20 Australian Bureau of Statistics (2020), National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, Cat. No. 5206.0

http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/5206.0

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Year to September

Emissions per capita Emissions per dollar of real GDP

t C

O2-

e p

er

per

son

kg CO

2 -ep

er $o

f real G

DP


http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Web+Pages/Population+Clock



4. Consumption-based national

greenhouse gas inventory

Table 4: Consumption-based national greenhouse gas inventory21, September quarter 2019, emissions

growth rates

September quarter 2019

Year to September 2019

Quarterly change – seasonally adjusted and weather normalised22 -1.4% -2.3%

Quarterly change – seasonally adjusted and weather normalised – trend20 -0.6% -3.3%

Annual Change

-2.3%

The consumption account estimates the impacts on emissions in Australia and in other countries due to

Australian consumption or demand.

On a seasonally adjusted and weather normalised basis, Australia’s consumption-based inventory was

lower relative to the previous quarter (1.4 per cent or 1.6 Mt CO2-e), emissions were also down in trend

terms (Figure 19).

On an annual basis, the preliminary consumption-based inventory decreased by 2.3 per cent or

10.7 Mt CO2-e to 447.5 Mt CO2-e in the year to September 2019. An important explanation of this

change is that, emissions released from consumption of imports decreased by 1.4 per cent. At the

same time, emissions released in the production of goods for export increased by 3.2 per cent, which

illustrates the upward pressure on the national inventory from growth in exports.

Household consumption was the most significant contributor at 323.1 Mt CO2-e (or 72.2 per cent of total

consumption emissions), followed by government final consumption emissions of 54.7 Mt CO2-e

(or 12.2 per cent of total consumption emissions). When combined with gross fixed capital formation

from government and public corporations, the Government sector was responsible for emissions of

78.6 Mt CO2-e (or 17.6 per cent of consumption-based emissions across the economy) (Table 5).

Emissions generated by Australian consumption are 104.3 Mt CO2-e or 18.9 per cent lower compared to

the year to September 2005. The analysis also shows that the emissions generated to support

Australia’s consumption are less than those reported as the (production-based) national greenhouse

gas inventory by 83.3 Mt CO2-e or 15.7 per cent in the year to September 2019 (Figure 20).

Consumption-based emissions are approximately 17.7 tonnes per person, which is around 3.3 tonnes

per person less than the per capita emission calculation using the national greenhouse gas inventory.

21 National emissions levels are inclusive of all sectors of the economy, including Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF). 22 ‘Actual’, ‘seasonally adjusted, weather normalised’ and ‘trend’ are defined in Section 5: Technical notes



Table 5: Consumption-based national greenhouse gas inventory, year to September 2019, by sector

Consumption-based inventory sector Year to September 2019

Household consumption 323.1

Government consumption 54.7

Fixed capital - Govt & Public corporations 23.9

Private fixed capital 89.3

Change in inventoriesa -43.5

Total consumption-based inventory 447.5

a. Includes carbon sequestered in forests and plantations available to be utilised in wood and paper production in the

future.

Figure 19: National Greenhouse Gas and Consumption-based inventories, Australia, by quarter,


100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e)

National greenhouse gas inventory Consumption-based inventory National greenhouse gas inventory (trend) Consumption-based inventory (trend)



Figure 20: Global emissions generated during production of Australia’s imports and exports, by quarter,


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e

)

Emissions generated by imports Emissions generated by exports Emissions generated by imports (trend) Emissions generated by exports (trend)


5. Technical notes

5.1 Quarterly coverage

The Quarterly Update uses emissions estimates based on our United Nations Framework Convention

on Climate Change (UNFCCC) inventory time series to better support implementation of Australia’s

2030 target. This UNFCCC inventory will be used to track progress towards Australia’s commitment to

reduce emissions levels by 2030 under the Paris Agreement.

5.2 International guidelines

The Quarterly Update has been prepared in accordance with the international guidelines agreed for use

for the Paris Agreement including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006

Guidelines for the Preparation of National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and, where applicable, the 2019

IPCC Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.

The Quarterly Update reports on the national inventory with the application of the IPCC’s natural

disturbances provision since the Government indicated in its 2015 Nationally Determined Contribution

(NDC) submission that it would meet its emission reduction commitments using this provision.

The national inventory prepared without the application of the natural disturbances provision will be

reported in the Australian Government’s National Inventory Report submitted to the UNFCCC

Secretariat each year between 15 April and 27 May. This submission will provide full details of

estimates of annual emissions from bushfires and sequestration from subsequent biomass recovery.

5.3 Greenhouse gases

Emissions are expressed in terms of tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents using the Global Warming

Potential (GWP) weighting factors indicated in Table 6.

GWPs have been used for each of the major greenhouse gases to convert them to carbon dioxide

equivalents (CO2-e). As greenhouse gases vary in their radiative activity and in their atmospheric

residence time, converting emissions into CO2-e allows the integrated effect of emissions of the various

gases to be compared. The GWPs used in this Report were the 100-year GWPs contained in the 2007

IPCC Fourth Assessment Report of Climate Science (IPCC 2007), by international agreement.

For the period starting with the 2020-21 financial year, the Department will adopt the GWPs sourced

from the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, in accordance with the terms of the Paris Agreement.

Table 6: Major greenhouse gases covered by the Quarterly Update

Major greenhouse gases 4th Assessment Report

GWP

5th Assessment Report

GWP

Carbon dioxide (CO2) 1 1

Methane (CH4) 25 28

Nitrous oxide (N2O) 298 265

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Various (refer to 4th

Assessment Report)

Various (refer to 5th

Assessment Report)

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Various (refer to 4th

Assessment Report)

Various (refer to 5th

Assessment Report)

Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) 22,800 23,500


Australia’s emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) are considered negligible and are

not estimated.

5.4 Quarterly methodology and growth rates

Emission estimates have been compiled by the Department using the estimation methodologies

incorporated in the Australian Greenhouse Emissions Information System (AGEIS) and documented in

the National Inventory Report.

The estimates are calculated using the latest national inventory data and indicators from external data

sources (listed in Section 7.6). These data are used to determine growth rates, which are applied to

estimate quarterly emissions growth.

Quarterly growth rates are calculated as the percentage change between the estimates for the previous

quarter and the current quarter. Annual growth rates are calculated as the percentage change between

the estimates for the twelve months to the end of the equivalent quarter in the previous year, and the

twelve months to the end of the current quarter.

5.5 Recalculations

Periodic recalculations of the quarterly emission estimates are undertaken as more complete and

accurate information becomes available, and in response to changes in international reporting

requirements.

Recalculations comply with international guidelines, are estimated on a time series consistent basis and

are subject to annual international expert review.

Recalculations since the June Quarter 2019

The recalculations since the June 2019 edition of the Quarterly Update for the financial years 2005 and

2017 to 2019), by sector in Mt CO2-e, are shown in Table 5.

Recalculations in this Quarterly Update are limited to updates to indicators used to derive emissions

estimates in the 2018-19 inventory year.

These included:

Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES) – livestock population, crop production and rice cultivation data

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) – National Accounts data

Australian Energy Market Operator – National Electricity Market data

Department of Industry, Innovation and Science – Resources and Energy Quarterly data

Department of the Environment and Energy – Australian petroleum statistics data

Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics (BITRE) – domestic travel data


Table 7: Recalculations (Mt CO2-e) since the June 2019 Quarterly Update, by sector,

2005 and 2017 to 2019

Sector

Financial Years and Quarters

2005 2017 2018 2019

Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun

Agriculture23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Electricity 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Stationary

energy

(excluding

electricity)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.0

Transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Fugitive

emissions

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Industrial

processes and

product use

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Waste 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

LULUCF 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Total 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 0.0

It is anticipated that the issue of the December 2019 Quarterly Update will incorporate significant

recalculations, mainly in the LULUCF sector, reflecting data to be published in the Australian

Government’s annual submission under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.

These recalculations will likely stem from:

new estimates for the LULUCF sector for 2018 - based on the latest satellite imagery, including

the use of SLATs data in Queensland, and other new input data; and

updated estimation methods for:

o revegetation, reflecting the latest CSIRO empirical studies that indicate slower rates of

growth than previously assumed;

o pre-1990 plantations, where satellite imagery is being used to detect clearfelling for the

first time;

o enhanced spatial disaggregation of climate data by the ANU;

o emissions from bushfire, where the scope of the fuel load will be extended from debris

to living biomass;

o manure management, reflecting the latest empirical studies reported in the IPCC 2019

Guidelines adopted last May; and

o expansion of the coverage of the inventory to take account of the expanded scope of

the 2019 IPCC Guidelines.

These changes will necessitate routine recalculations to the entire time series, back to 1990, to ensure

time-series consistency is maintained.


5.6 Source data

Preliminary activity data are obtained under the NGERs and from a range of publicly available sources,

principally:

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2020), Australian Demographic Statistics, pub. no. 3101


Australian Bureau of Statistics (2020), Population Clock.


Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (2020). Agricultural

Commodities, December Quarter 2019.

Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (2020). Australian Crop

Report, December Quarter 2019.

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2020), National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and

Product, Cat. No. 5206.0 http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/5206.0

Australian Energy Market Operator (2020), Market data extracted using NEM-Review software:

http://www.aemo.com.au/Electricity/Data

Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics (2019), Domestic Totals & Top

Routes: http://www.bitre.gov.au/publications/ongoing/domestic_airline_activity-time_series.aspx

Bureau of Meteorology (2019), Monthly climate summaries: http://www.bom.gov.au/

Department of Industry, Innovation and Science (2020). Resources and Energy Quarterly,

December 2019

Department of the Environment and Energy (2019). Australian Energy Statistics: Table F.


Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources (2020), Australian Greenhouse Emissions

Information System: http://ageis.climatechange.gov.au/

5.7 Actual time series

The ABS defines an original time series as showing ‘the actual movements in the data over time’. The

actual time series’ in this report are equivalent to an original time series.

5.8 Seasonal adjustment analysis

The ABS defines seasonal adjustment as follows: ‘A seasonally adjusted time-series is a time-series

with seasonal component removed. This component shows a pattern over one year or less and is

systemic or calendar related.’

The actual quarterly data have been adjusted using Demetra to remove the effects of seasonal factors.

Demetra is a standard seasonal adjustment tool, consistent with methods applied by the ABS.

5.9 Trend analysis

The trend series provides the best indication of underlying movements in the inventory by smoothing

short term fluctuations in the seasonally adjusted series, caused for example, by extreme weather

events such as floods or fires. The trend time series is estimated using the Demetra tool. More

information on trend analysis is available on the ABS website

http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3310114.nsf/home/Time+Series+Analysis:+The+Basics.




http://www.aemo.com.au/Electricity/Data

http://www.bitre.gov.au/publications/ongoing/domestic_airline_activity-time_series.aspx

http://www.bom.gov.au/


http://ageis.climatechange.gov.au/

http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3310114.nsf/home/Time+Series+Analysis:+The+Basics


5.10 Weather normalisation

The seasonally adjusted and trend estimates are further adjusted to correct for the effects of variations

around average seasonal temperatures. This process is termed ‘weather normalisation’ and is designed

to provide a clearer indication of the underlying trends in the emissions data.

Seasonal temperatures are an important predictor of emissions in Australia due to their influence on

demand for electricity for heating and cooling (air conditioning). The seasonally adjusted series corrects

for the regular effects of differences in average temperatures between seasons. The weather

normalised series further corrects for fluctuations in average seasonal conditions.

The weather normalisation methodology is based on the Bureau of Meteorology concept of ‘heating and

cooling degree days,’ and is applied to total emissions (excluding LULUCF) and the electricity sector.

The methodology is described in detail in ‘Section 7: Special Topic’ of the December 2011 edition of the

Quarterly Update.

5.11 Quarterly uncertainty

For all sectors the Department’s assessment is that the 90 per cent confidence interval for the national

inventory is ± 6.5 per cent (i.e. there is a 90 per cent probability that future revisions will be limited to

± 6.5 per cent of the current estimate).

5.12 Sectoral emissions sources and sinks

Energy:

Electricity:

Emissions from the combustion of fuel used to generate electricity for public use.

Stationary energy excluding electricity:

Energy industries: petroleum refining, gas processing and solid fuel manufacturing (including coal

mining and oil/gas extraction and processing).

Manufacturing industries and construction: direct emissions from the combustion of fuel to provide

energy used in manufacturing such as steel, non-ferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, non-

energy mining and pulp and paper.

Other sectors: energy used by the commercial, institutional, residential sectors as well as fuel used

by the agricultural, fishery and forestry equipment. This also includes all remaining fuel combustion

emissions associated with military fuel use.

Transport:

Road transport: passenger vehicles, light commercial vehicles, trucks, buses and motorcycles.

Domestic air transport: commercial passenger and light aircraft on domestic routes using either

aviation gasoline or jet kerosene. International air transport is reported but not included in

Australia’s total emissions (in line with international guidelines).

Coastal shipping: domestic shipping and small craft. International shipping is reported but not

included in Australia’s total emissions (in line with international guidelines).

Rail transport: railways, but not electric rail, where fuel combustion is covered under the electricity

sector.

Transmission of natural gas.


Fugitive emissions:

Emissions, other than those attributable to energy use, from:

Solid fuels: CO2 and CH4 from coal mining activities, post-mining and decommissioned mines and

CO2, CH4 and N2O from flaring associated with coal mining.

Oil and natural gas: exploration, extraction, production, processing and transportation of natural gas

and oil. Includes leakage, evaporation and storage losses, flaring and venting of CO2, CH4 and N2O.

Industrial processes and product use:

Mineral industry: CO2 from cement clinker and lime production; the use of limestone and dolomite

and other carbonates in industrial smelting and other processes; soda ash production and use; and

magnesia production.

Metal industry: CO2 and PFCs from aluminium smelting; CO2, CH4 and N2O from iron and steel

production; and CO2 from the production of ferroalloys and other metals.

Chemical Industry: includes N2O from the production of nitric acid; CO2, from ammonia production,

acetylene use and the production of synthetic rutile and titanium dioxide; and CH4 from polymers

and other chemicals.

Other product manufacture and use: CO2 from the consumption of CO2 in the food and drink

industry and the use of sodium bicarbonate, SF6 from electrical equipment.

Product uses as substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances: HFC and refrigeration and air

conditioning equipment, foam blowing, metered dose inhalers, fire extinguishers, solvent use.

Non-energy products from fuel and solvent use: CO2 produced by oxidation of lubricating oils and

greases.

Agriculture:

CH4 and N2O emissions from the consumption, decay or combustion of living and dead biomass,

including:

Enteric fermentation in livestock: emissions associated with microbial fermentation during digestion

of feed by ruminant (mostly cattle and sheep) and some non-ruminant domestic livestock.

Manure management: emissions associated with the decomposition of animal wastes while held in

manure management systems.

Rice cultivation: CH4 emissions from anaerobic decay of organic material when rice fields are

flooded.

Agricultural soils: emissions associated with the application of fertilisers, crop residues and animal

wastes to agricultural lands and the use of biological nitrogen fixing crops and pastures.

Field burning of agricultural residues: emissions from field burning of cereal and other crop stubble,

and the emissions from burning sugar cane prior to harvest.

Carbon dioxide emissions from the application of urea and lime.

Waste:

Emissions are predominantly CH4. Small amounts of CO2 and N2O are generated through incineration

and the decomposition of human wastes respectively. The main sources are:


Solid waste: emissions resulting from anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in landfills.

Wastewater: emissions resulting from anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in sewerage

facilities (including on-site systems such as septic tanks) during treatment and disposal of

wastewater.

Incineration: emissions resulting from the incineration of solvents and clinical waste.

Biological treatment of solid waste: emissions resulting from the anaerobic decomposition of organic

material in composting and anaerobic digester facilities.

Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry:

The LULUCF sector includes:

Forest converted to other land uses: emissions and removals from the direct human-induced

removal of forest and replacement with pasture, crops or other uses since 1972. Emissions arise

from the burning and decay of cleared vegetation, and changes in soil carbon from current and past

events.

Land converted to forest: emissions and removals (i.e. sinks) from forests established on

agricultural land. Growth of the forests and regrowth on cleared lands provides a carbon sink, while

emissions can arise from soil disturbance on the cleared lands (N2O). Both new plantings and the

regeneration of forest from natural seed sources contribute to this classification as well as

sequestration projects under the Emission Reduction Fund.

Forest land remaining forest land: emissions and removals in forests managed under a system of

practices designed to support commercial timber production such as harvest or silvicultural

practices or practices that are designed to implement specific sink enhancement activities. Forest

harvesting causes emissions due to the decay of harvest slash and any subsequent prescribed

burning. The regrowth of forests following harvesting provides a carbon sink and the harvested

wood product pool can be a carbon sink or source depending on the rate of input and the rate of

decay.

Wildfire emissions on forest land are reported using IPCC guidance on natural disturbances.

Further information on fire emissions occurring over the 2019-20 bushfire season will be reported in

the Australian Government’s National Inventory Report to be submitted in the first half of 2020.

Cropland: Anthropogenic emissions and removals on croplands occur as a result of changes in

management practices on cropping lands, from changes in crop type (particularly woody crops) and

from changes in land use.

Grazing land: Anthropogenic emissions and removals on grasslands result from changes in

management practices on grass lands, particularly from changes in pasture, grazing and fire

management; changes in woody biomass elements and from changes in land use.

Wetlands: Net emissions from the coastal lands including dredging of seagrass, aquaculture, and

loss of tidal marsh areas. Changes in mangroves are reported under forest classifications.

5.13 Measurements

The units used in this quarterly update inventory are:

grams (g)

tonnes (t)

metres (m)


litres (L)

Standard metric prefixes used in this inventory are:

kilo (k) = 103 (thousand)

mega (M) = 106 (million)

giga (G) = 109

tera (T) = 1012

peta (P) = 1015

In this report, emissions are expressed in Mt CO2-e, which represents millions of tonnes of carbon

dioxide equivalent gas.

5.14 Future publications

The December 2019 Quarterly Update of Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory will be

published by 31 May 2020.


6. Data tables Data Table 1A: Actual emissions (Mt), by sector, by quarter, since 2001-0224

Year Quarter

Energy Industrial processes

and product use

Agriculture Waste

Total excluding LULUCF

LULUCF National Inventory

Total Electricity Stationary

energy excl. electricity

Transport Fugitive

emissions

2001-2

002

September 47.5 19.4 18.9 10.2 7.3 19.5 4.0 126.8 16.6 143.4

December 44.3 19.4 19.6 9.6 7.1 19.5 4.0 123.4 16.6 139.9

March 45.4 18.6 18.5 8.9 6.9 19.0 3.9 121.2 16.2 137.4

June 46.8 19.2 18.7 9.8 7.3 19.2 4.0 125.0 16.4 141.3

2002-2

003

September 48.6 19.9 19.6 9.9 7.8 18.1 3.8 127.6 18.7 146.4

December 46.2 19.9 20.2 9.1 7.8 18.1 3.8 125.1 18.7 143.8

March 45.4 19.1 19.1 8.5 7.8 17.8 3.7 121.3 18.3 139.7

June 46.4 19.5 19.3 9.5 7.7 17.9 3.7 124.1 18.5 142.6

2003-2

004

September 49.0 20.3 20.3 10.0 8.3 18.9 3.6 130.5 16.6 147.1

December 46.8 20.3 21.0 9.2 8.3 18.9 3.6 128.2 16.6 144.8

March 50.0 19.4 19.8 8.6 8.1 18.7 3.6 128.2 16.4 144.7

June 49.1 19.9 20.0 9.7 7.9 18.7 3.6 129.0 16.4 145.4

2004-2

005

September 50.9 20.8 20.8 10.2 8.0 19.1 3.6 133.5 22.4 155.9

December 48.2 20.9 21.1 9.6 8.0 19.1 3.6 130.5 22.4 152.9

March 48.8 19.8 19.7 8.9 7.9 18.7 3.5 127.4 21.9 149.3

June 48.9 20.4 20.6 10.0 8.0 18.9 3.6 130.4 22.1 152.6

2005-2

006

September 50.9 20.7 20.6 10.5 8.2 18.7 3.6 133.1 21.4 154.6

December 48.9 20.5 21.9 9.8 8.0 18.7 3.6 131.4 21.4 152.8

March 50.6 19.4 20.5 9.2 7.8 18.3 3.5 129.3 21.0 150.3

June 50.9 20.6 20.5 10.5 8.0 18.5 3.5 132.6 21.2 153.8

24 This table presents estimates of quarterly emissions by sector since 2001-02, in actual terms. As numbers are rounded, the sum of the sectors may not exactly equal the totals.


Year Quarter


and product use

Agriculture Waste





Transport Fugitive

emissions

2006-2

007

September 52.2 20.5 21.2 10.9 8.5 17.8 3.7 134.9 23.7 158.5

December 50.8 21.0 22.0 10.3 8.6 17.8 3.7 134.2 23.7 157.9

March 51.6 19.8 21.2 9.7 8.4 17.4 3.6 131.7 23.2 154.8

June 49.5 20.6 21.4 11.0 8.6 17.6 3.6 132.4 23.4 155.8

2007-2

008

September 53.5 21.4 21.7 11.8 8.7 17.1 3.8 138.0 19.8 157.8

December 50.3 21.3 22.3 9.9 8.6 17.1 3.8 133.3 19.8 153.0

March 51.7 20.3 21.3 9.9 8.5 17.0 3.7 132.3 19.6 151.9

June 50.5 21.4 21.7 10.6 8.6 17.0 3.7 133.5 19.6 153.1

2008-2

009

September 55.4 21.9 22.1 10.7 9.3 17.3 3.8 140.5 17.6 158.0

December 52.3 21.4 22.6 10.7 8.7 17.3 3.8 136.7 17.6 154.3

March 52.5 19.2 21.2 9.5 7.3 16.9 3.7 130.1 17.2 147.3

June 51.5 20.3 21.5 11.2 7.5 17.1 3.7 132.8 17.4 150.2

2009-2

010

September 51.4 20.6 22.4 11.3 8.6 16.7 3.8 134.8 12.3 147.1

December 51.3 21.0 22.9 10.3 9.0 16.7 3.8 135.0 12.3 147.3

March 52.5 20.3 21.4 9.9 9.1 16.4 3.8 133.3 12.0 145.3

June 49.9 21.1 22.1 10.8 9.0 16.5 3.8 133.2 12.1 145.3

2010-2

011

September 51.0 21.9 22.8 11.6 9.1 17.8 3.7 137.9 7.4 145.3

December 47.1 21.6 23.7 10.8 9.2 17.8 3.7 133.9 7.4 141.3

March 50.7 20.1 22.1 9.0 9.0 17.5 3.6 131.9 7.2 139.1

June 49.7 21.6 22.8 10.2 8.9 17.6 3.6 134.6 7.3 141.9

2011-2

012

September 50.9 23.0 22.5 10.8 9.2 18.1 3.3 137.8 4.6 142.3

December 49.2 22.5 22.9 10.5 8.2 18.1 3.3 134.6 4.6 139.2

March 50.3 21.3 23.1 9.6 8.1 17.9 3.2 133.6 4.5 138.1

June 48.7 22.0 23.4 11.1 7.9 17.9 3.2 134.2 4.5 138.7


Year Quarter


and product use

Agriculture Waste





Transport Fugitive

emissions

2012-2

013

September 47.0 24.0 23.2 11.0 8.0 18.2 3.1 134.6 1.8 136.4

December 45.9 23.8 23.9 10.6 8.0 18.2 3.1 133.5 1.8 135.4

March 47.6 22.1 22.2 9.8 7.7 17.8 3.0 130.2 1.8 132.0

June 46.6 23.1 22.8 10.6 7.8 18.0 3.1 132.0 1.8 133.8

2013-2

014

September 45.0 24.0 23.4 10.3 8.1 18.3 3.1 132.3 2.0 134.4

December 44.0 23.9 23.9 10.2 8.0 18.3 3.1 131.5 2.0 133.6

March 47.2 22.5 22.7 10.1 7.7 17.9 3.1 131.3 2.0 133.3

June 44.5 23.7 23.2 10.2 7.9 18.1 3.1 130.7 2.0 132.7

2014-2

015

September 47.5 23.0 24.0 12.4 8.4 17.7 3.0 136.0 -0.9 135.1

December 46.4 22.5 24.5 11.0 8.4 17.7 3.0 133.5 -0.9 132.6

March 47.9 21.4 23.3 10.4 8.1 17.3 2.9 131.4 -0.9 130.5

June 47.2 22.3 23.5 11.6 8.2 17.5 3.0 133.2 -0.9 132.4

2015-2

016

September 49.3 22.9 24.1 12.3 8.4 17.4 3.1 137.6 -4.1 133.5

December 48.0 22.9 24.5 11.8 8.4 17.4 3.1 136.1 -4.1 132.0

March 49.9 21.8 24.0 11.9 8.1 17.2 3.1 136.0 -4.1 132.0

June 47.5 22.8 23.8 12.1 8.2 17.2 3.1 134.6 -4.1 130.5

2016-2

017

September 48.8 23.9 24.6 12.6 8.6 18.4 3.0 139.8 -4.9 134.9

December 45.4 23.9 25.9 12.3 8.5 18.4 3.0 137.3 -4.9 132.4

March 49.6 22.3 24.0 12.1 8.2 18.0 2.9 137.1 -4.8 132.3

June 46.0 24.1 24.6 13.6 8.4 18.2 2.9 137.8 -4.8 133.0

2017-2

018

September 45.9 24.4 25.1 13.7 8.5 18.1 3.0 138.7 -5.0 133.7

December 44.5 24.3 25.5 13.6 8.6 18.1 3.0 137.6 -5.0 132.6

March 46.3 23.7 24.8 12.9 8.6 17.7 2.9 136.9 -4.8 132.1

June 45.3 24.9 25.5 13.8 8.7 17.9 2.9 138.9 -4.9 134.0


Year Quarter


and product use

Agriculture Waste





Transport Fugitive

emissions

2018-2

019

September 45.5 25.0 25.3 13.8 8.8 16.9 3.0 138.2 -4.9 133.4

December 43.7 25.3 25.8 14.4 8.7 16.9 3.0 137.8 -4.9 132.9

March 46.7 24.2 24.3 13.3 8.6 16.6 2.9 136.4 -4.7 131.7

June 44.0 25.4 25.0 14.9 8.7 16.7 2.9 137.7 -4.8 132.9

2019-2

020

September 43.7 25.7 25.2 14.7 8.8 16.2 3.0 137.3 -3.9 133.3

December

March

June


Data Table 1B: Seasonally adjusted emissions (Mt), by sector, by quarter, since 2001-0225

Year Quarter


and product use

Agriculture Waste Total

excluding LULUCF




Transport Fugitive

emissions

2001-2

002

September 46.2 18.9 18.7 9.6 7.1 19.3 4.0 124.1 16.2 140.0

December 45.2 19.1 18.9 9.7 7.1 19.3 4.0 123.4 16.3 139.7

March 45.8 19.2 19.0 9.6 7.1 19.2 4.0 123.8 16.6 140.5

June 46.7 19.3 19.1 9.5 7.4 19.3 4.0 125.0 16.5 141.7

2002-2

003

September 47.2 19.4 19.3 9.4 7.6 18.0 3.7 124.9 18.5 143.1

December 47.2 19.5 19.5 9.2 7.8 18.0 3.7 125.1 18.5 143.6

March 45.8 19.7 19.6 9.2 8.0 17.9 3.7 123.9 18.7 142.7

June 46.5 19.7 19.7 9.2 7.8 18.0 3.7 124.3 18.7 142.9

2003-2

004

September 47.6 19.9 20.1 9.4 8.1 18.8 3.6 127.7 16.4 144.1

December 47.8 19.9 20.3 9.3 8.3 18.8 3.6 128.2 16.4 144.6

March 50.3 20.1 20.4 9.3 8.3 18.9 3.6 130.9 16.8 147.7

June 49.4 20.0 20.5 9.4 8.0 18.7 3.6 129.4 16.4 145.6

2004-2

005

September 49.5 20.4 20.6 9.5 7.8 19.0 3.6 130.6 22.3 152.9

December 49.1 20.5 20.4 9.7 7.9 19.0 3.6 130.4 22.2 152.6

March 48.9 20.6 20.2 9.7 8.0 18.9 3.6 129.9 22.2 152.2

June 49.4 20.6 21.0 9.7 8.1 18.9 3.6 131.1 22.0 152.9

2005-2

006

September 49.4 20.2 20.4 9.8 8.0 18.7 3.5 130.2 21.5 151.7

December 49.8 20.1 21.2 9.9 7.9 18.6 3.5 131.2 21.3 152.6

March 50.6 20.1 21.1 10.0 7.9 18.5 3.5 131.8 21.2 153.0

June 51.6 20.7 20.9 10.2 8.1 18.5 3.6 133.4 20.8 154.1

25 This table presents estimates of quarterly emissions by sector since 2001-02, in seasonally adjusted terms. Estimates for the national inventory total and the electricity sector include weather normalisation, as described in Section 5:

Technical Notes. Seasonally adjusted estimates for all other sectors are presented without weather normalisation. As a result, the national inventory total may differ from the sum of the rows.


Year Quarter


and product use


excluding LULUCF




Transport Fugitive

emissions

2006-2

007

September 50.6 20.0 21.0 10.3 8.3 17.8 3.6 131.9 24.0 155.7

December 51.7 20.6 21.3 10.3 8.5 17.7 3.6 134.0 23.7 157.7

March 51.5 20.6 21.7 10.6 8.6 17.6 3.6 134.0 23.3 157.4

June 50.3 20.7 21.8 10.7 8.8 17.6 3.6 133.2 22.8 156.2

2007-2

008

September 52.0 20.8 21.5 11.1 8.5 17.1 3.7 135.0 20.3 155.0

December 51.2 20.9 21.5 10.0 8.5 17.0 3.7 133.1 19.9 152.8

March 51.4 21.2 21.9 10.8 8.7 17.1 3.8 134.6 19.6 154.3

June 51.4 21.5 22.0 10.3 8.8 16.9 3.7 134.2 18.7 153.3

2008-2

009

September 53.9 21.3 22.0 10.1 9.1 17.2 3.7 137.6 18.3 155.5

December 53.4 21.0 21.8 10.8 8.6 17.2 3.7 136.5 17.8 154.3

March 52.0 20.0 21.8 10.4 7.4 17.1 3.7 132.3 17.1 149.5

June 52.3 20.4 21.7 10.9 7.7 17.1 3.7 133.5 16.3 150.3

2009-2

010

September 50.2 20.0 22.3 10.7 8.4 16.6 3.8 132.3 13.2 144.9

December 52.4 20.6 22.2 10.3 8.8 16.6 3.8 134.8 12.6 147.4

March 51.9 21.3 22.1 10.8 9.3 16.5 3.8 135.4 11.8 147.4

June 50.5 21.2 22.3 10.5 9.2 16.6 3.8 133.9 11.0 145.2

2010-2

011

September 50.2 21.2 22.6 11.0 8.9 17.7 3.7 135.4 8.4 143.5

December 48.1 21.2 23.0 10.7 9.1 17.7 3.7 133.7 7.8 141.5

March 49.8 21.1 22.8 9.8 9.1 17.7 3.6 133.8 7.0 140.9

June 50.1 21.8 23.0 10.0 9.1 17.7 3.6 135.4 6.2 141.6

2011-2

012

September 50.4 22.3 22.4 10.3 9.0 18.0 3.3 135.3 5.5 140.8

December 50.3 22.1 22.2 10.4 8.1 18.0 3.3 134.5 4.9 139.4

March 49.3 22.4 23.8 10.5 8.3 18.1 3.3 135.4 4.2 139.7

June 49.0 22.1 23.6 10.8 8.1 18.0 3.2 134.9 3.5 138.4


Year Quarter


and product use


excluding LULUCF




Transport Fugitive

emissions

2012-2

013

September 46.7 23.2 23.1 10.5 7.8 18.0 3.1 132.3 2.8 135.0

December 47.0 23.4 23.2 10.6 7.9 18.0 3.1 133.5 2.1 135.6

March 46.5 23.2 22.9 10.5 7.9 18.0 3.1 131.9 1.5 133.3

June 46.9 23.2 23.0 10.4 7.9 18.0 3.1 132.5 0.9 133.6

2013-2

014

September 44.7 23.2 23.3 9.9 7.9 18.2 3.2 130.3 2.9 133.1

December 45.0 23.5 23.2 10.3 7.9 18.2 3.1 131.6 2.3 133.9

March 46.1 23.6 23.4 10.7 7.9 18.1 3.1 132.8 1.7 134.5

June 45.0 23.7 23.4 9.9 8.0 18.1 3.1 131.0 1.3 132.6

2014-2

015

September 47.2 22.4 23.8 11.9 8.2 17.6 3.0 134.2 -0.1 133.8

December 47.4 22.2 23.8 11.1 8.3 17.5 3.0 133.5 -0.7 132.9

March 46.8 22.4 23.9 11.0 8.3 17.5 3.0 132.8 -1.1 131.6

June 47.7 22.2 23.8 11.4 8.3 17.4 3.0 133.4 -1.5 132.3

2015-2

016

September 48.9 22.4 23.9 11.9 8.3 17.4 3.1 136.0 -3.5 132.3

December 49.2 22.6 23.8 11.8 8.3 17.3 3.1 136.1 -4.0 132.3

March 48.6 22.7 24.6 12.6 8.2 17.4 3.1 137.4 -4.3 133.0

June 48.0 22.7 24.0 11.8 8.2 17.1 3.1 134.7 -4.5 130.4

2016-2

017

September 48.3 23.4 24.4 12.3 8.4 18.4 3.0 138.4 -4.5 133.8

December 46.5 23.6 25.3 12.3 8.4 18.3 3.0 137.4 -4.8 132.8

March 48.3 23.2 24.6 12.8 8.4 18.2 2.9 138.3 -5.0 133.3

June 46.5 23.9 24.7 13.4 8.4 18.1 2.9 137.9 -5.1 132.8

2017-2

018

September 45.5 23.9 25.0 13.4 8.4 18.1 3.0 137.3 -4.7 132.7

December 45.7 24.0 24.8 13.6 8.5 17.9 3.0 137.6 -4.9 132.9

March 45.1 24.6 25.5 13.6 8.8 17.9 2.9 138.2 -5.0 133.1

June 45.6 24.7 25.6 13.4 8.8 17.7 2.9 139.0 -5.0 133.7


Year Quarter


and product use


excluding LULUCF




Transport Fugitive

emissions

2018-2

019

September 45.3 24.6 25.1 13.5 8.6 17.0 3.0 137.0 -4.8 132.5

December 44.9 25.0 25.2 14.3 8.7 16.8 3.0 137.9 -4.8 133.2

March 45.4 25.1 24.9 14.0 8.7 16.7 2.9 137.6 -4.8 132.7

June 44.3 25.2 25.1 14.5 8.7 16.6 2.9 137.6 -4.8 132.5

2019-2

020

September 43.6 25.3 25.1 14.5 8.7 16.2 3.0 136.2 -4.0 132.5

December

March

June


Data Table 1C: Trend emissions (Mt), by sector, by quarter, since 2001-0226

Year Quarter


and product use


excluding LULUCF




Transport Fugitive

emissions

2001-2

002

September 46.1 18.9 18.7 9.8 7.1 19.3 4.0 124.0 16.7 140.4

December 45.5 19.1 18.8 9.7 7.0 19.3 4.0 123.8 16.2 139.7

March 45.8 19.2 19.0 9.6 7.1 19.2 4.0 124.0 16.4 140.5

June 46.7 19.3 19.1 9.5 7.3 18.9 3.9 124.7 17.0 141.8

2002-2

003

September 47.3 19.4 19.3 9.4 7.6 18.4 3.8 125.0 18.0 143.1

December 46.9 19.6 19.5 9.3 7.8 18.0 3.7 124.6 18.7 143.4

March 46.3 19.7 19.6 9.2 7.9 17.9 3.7 124.3 18.7 142.9

June 46.5 19.8 19.8 9.3 7.9 18.1 3.7 124.9 18.1 143.0

2003-2

004

September 47.5 19.8 20.0 9.3 8.1 18.5 3.6 126.6 16.9 143.8

December 48.7 20.0 20.3 9.3 8.3 18.9 3.6 128.6 16.3 145.0

March 49.5 20.0 20.4 9.3 8.2 18.8 3.6 129.8 16.8 145.9

June 49.6 20.1 20.5 9.4 8.0 18.9 3.6 130.2 18.3 146.4

2004-2

005

September 49.4 20.3 20.5 9.6 7.9 19.0 3.6 130.3 20.5 152.9

December 49.1 20.5 20.4 9.7 7.9 19.0 3.6 130.3 22.0 152.5

March 49.0 20.6 20.4 9.7 8.0 18.9 3.6 130.4 22.3 152.5

June 49.2 20.5 20.6 9.7 8.1 18.9 3.6 130.4 21.9 152.4

2005-2

006

September 49.5 20.3 20.8 9.8 8.0 18.7 3.6 130.6 21.6 152.2

December 49.8 20.1 21.1 9.9 7.9 18.6 3.5 131.2 21.3 152.3

March 50.8 20.2 21.0 10.0 7.9 18.5 3.5 131.9 21.1 153.1

June 51.1 20.3 20.9 10.2 8.1 18.3 3.6 132.5 21.9 154.1

26 This table presents estimates of quarterly emissions by sector since 2001-02, in trend terms. Estimates for the national inventory total and the electricity sector include weather normalisation, as described in Section 5: Technical Notes.’

Trend estimates for all other sectors are presented without weather normalisation. As a result, the national inventory total may differ from the sum of the rows.


Year Quarter


and product use


excluding LULUCF




Transport Fugitive

emissions

2006-2

007

September 51.2 20.5 21.0 10.3 8.3 17.9 3.6 133.0 23.1 155.9

December 51.4 20.6 21.3 10.4 8.5 17.7 3.6 133.4 23.7 157.4

March 51.2 20.6 21.7 10.5 8.7 17.6 3.6 133.8 23.4 157.4

June 51.0 20.7 21.8 10.8 8.7 17.5 3.6 134.0 22.4 156.4

2007-2

008

September 51.3 20.8 21.6 10.8 8.5 17.2 3.7 133.9 20.8 154.6

December 51.5 20.9 21.6 10.8 8.5 17.1 3.7 133.8 19.9 153.6

March 51.1 21.2 21.8 10.6 8.7 17.0 3.8 134.2 19.4 153.5

June 52.0 21.4 22.0 10.3 8.9 17.1 3.7 135.4 18.8 154.2

2008-2

009

September 53.3 21.3 22.0 10.2 8.9 17.1 3.7 136.4 18.3 155.0

December 53.3 20.9 21.8 10.4 8.5 17.2 3.7 136.0 17.8 153.8

March 52.4 20.4 21.7 10.6 7.8 17.1 3.7 134.4 17.1 150.4

June 51.7 20.0 21.8 10.8 7.8 17.0 3.7 133.0 15.8 147.9

2009-2

010

September 51.6 20.1 22.1 10.7 8.3 16.7 3.8 133.3 14.2 147.1

December 52.0 20.6 22.2 10.5 8.9 16.5 3.8 134.2 12.7 147.3

March 51.8 21.1 22.1 10.6 9.2 16.6 3.8 134.8 11.7 147.1

June 50.8 21.3 22.3 10.8 9.2 16.9 3.8 134.9 10.5 145.4

2010-2

011

September 49.6 21.2 22.7 10.9 9.0 17.4 3.7 134.4 9.0 143.3

December 49.1 21.1 22.9 10.6 9.1 17.6 3.7 134.1 7.8 141.6

March 49.4 21.2 22.9 10.1 9.2 17.7 3.6 134.4 7.0 141.1

June 50.2 21.7 22.7 10.0 9.1 17.8 3.5 134.7 6.2 141.3

2011-2

012

September 50.4 22.2 22.5 10.2 8.8 17.9 3.4 135.1 5.5 140.7

December 50.2 22.2 22.7 10.4 8.5 18.0 3.3 135.2 4.9 139.8

March 49.6 22.3 23.3 10.5 8.2 18.0 3.2 134.9 4.2 139.4

June 48.5 22.7 23.5 10.6 8.0 18.0 3.2 134.3 3.5 138.2


Year Quarter


and product use


excluding LULUCF




Transport Fugitive

emissions

2012-2

013

September 47.3 23.2 23.4 10.6 7.9 18.0 3.1 133.4 2.8 136.4

December 46.6 23.4 23.1 10.6 7.8 18.0 3.1 132.8 2.1 134.9

March 46.8 23.2 22.9 10.5 7.9 18.0 3.1 132.3 1.6 133.9

June 46.1 23.2 23.0 10.3 7.9 18.1 3.1 131.7 1.7 133.2

2013-2

014

September 45.1 23.3 23.2 10.1 7.9 18.2 3.1 131.3 2.2 133.3

December 45.1 23.5 23.3 10.3 7.9 18.2 3.1 131.5 2.2 133.9

March 45.5 23.6 23.3 10.6 7.9 18.1 3.1 132.1 1.9 133.9

June 45.9 23.3 23.5 10.9 8.0 18.0 3.1 133.0 1.1 133.4

2014-2

015

September 46.8 22.7 23.7 11.1 8.2 17.7 3.0 133.4 0.0 133.3

December 47.3 22.3 23.9 11.1 8.3 17.5 3.0 133.3 -0.7 132.8

March 47.0 22.3 23.9 11.1 8.3 17.5 3.0 133.3 -1.1 131.9

June 47.7 22.3 23.8 11.4 8.3 17.4 3.0 133.9 -2.0 132.0

2015-2

016

September 48.8 22.4 23.8 11.8 8.3 17.4 3.1 135.3 -3.1 132.3

December 49.1 22.6 23.9 12.0 8.3 17.3 3.1 136.4 -3.9 132.4

March 48.6 22.7 24.0 12.1 8.2 17.4 3.1 137.0 -4.3 132.6

June 48.3 22.9 24.1 12.1 8.3 17.7 3.1 137.3 -4.4 132.8

2016-2

017

September 47.9 23.3 24.4 12.1 8.4 18.0 3.0 137.7 -4.5 132.8

December 47.5 23.5 24.7 12.4 8.4 18.2 2.9 138.0 -4.8 133.0

March 47.1 23.6 24.7 12.8 8.4 18.2 2.9 138.0 -5.0 133.0

June 46.5 23.8 24.7 13.2 8.4 18.1 2.9 137.8 -5.0 132.9

2017-2

018

September 45.8 23.9 24.8 13.5 8.4 18.1 3.0 137.6 -4.8 132.7

December 45.4 24.1 25.0 13.5 8.6 18.0 3.0 137.8 -4.8 132.8

March 45.4 24.5 25.4 13.6 8.7 17.9 2.9 138.1 -5.0 133.3

June 45.4 24.7 25.5 13.4 8.8 17.6 2.9 138.2 -4.9 133.3


Year Quarter


and product use


excluding LULUCF




Transport Fugitive

emissions

2018-2

019

September 45.3 24.7 25.3 13.6 8.7 17.1 3.0 137.9 -4.8 133.1

December 45.1 24.9 25.1 14.0 8.7 16.8 3.0 137.7 -4.8 132.9

March 45.0 25.1 25.0 14.2 8.7 16.7 2.9 137.5 -4.9 132.8

June 44.4 25.2 25.1 14.4 8.7 16.6 2.9 137.2 -4.6 132.5

2019-2

020

September 43.6 25.3 25.1 14.6 8.7 16.3 3.0 136.9 -4.1 132.5

December

March

June


(a) Year to September

Tracking Australia’s emissions

The data presented in Table 8 and Figure 21 include Australia’s annual emissions for 2000 to 2019.

Australia’s annual emissions for the year to September 2019 are estimated to be 530.8 Mt CO2-e. This

figure is 1.0 per cent below emissions in the year to June 2000 (536.2 Mt CO2-e) and 13.1 per cent

below emissions in the year to June 2005 (610.6 Mt CO2-e).

Table 8: National inventory total from 2000 to 2019, by financial year

Financial Year Emissions (Mt CO2-e)

2000 536.2

2001 564.8

2002 562.0

2003 572.5

2004 582.0

2005 610.6

2006 611.5

2007 627.0

2008 615.7

2009 609.8

2010 585.1

2011 567.7

2012 558.3

2013 537.6

2014 533.9

2015 530.5

2016 527.9

2017 532.6

2018 532.5

2019(a) 530.8



Figure 21: National inventory total, year to June 2000 to year to September 2019

400

450

500

550

600

650

Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e

)


7. Related publications and resources

Australia’s National Greenhouse Accounts

The following Department of Industry Science Energy and Resources (DISER) publications are all

available on the former Department of the Environment and Energy website:

http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-measurement/progress-inventory

National Inventory Report 2017

The three volumes comprising Australia’s forthcoming National Inventory

Report 2017 were submitted under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol in

May 2019. These reports contains national greenhouse gas emission

estimates for the period 1990-2017 and preliminary estimates for 2018

compiled under the rules for reporting applicable to the UNFCCC.

Volume 1: Includes Australia’s data for energy (stationary energy,

transport and fugitive emissions), industrial processes and product use,

and agriculture.

Volume 2: Australia’s data for the Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) and waste

sectors, recalculations and improvements.

Volume 3: Australia’s data for Kyoto Protocol LULUCF, Kyoto Protocol accounting requirements,

annexes, glossary and references.

State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2017

This document provides an overview of the latest available estimates of annual

greenhouse gas emissions for Australia’s States and Territories. It complements

Australia’s National Inventory Report 2017 and the National Inventory by

Economic Sector 2017.

National Inventory by Economic Sector 2017

This document provides an overview of the latest

available estimates of annual greenhouse gas emissions, disaggregated by

Australia-New Zealand Standard Industrial Classifications (ANZSIC). It

complements Australia’s National Inventory Report 2017 and the State and

Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2017.

Australian Greenhouse Emissions Information System

(AGEIS)

The AGEIS centralises the Department’s emissions estimation, emissions data management and

reporting systems. AGEIS is being used to compile national and State and Territory inventories. The

interactive web interface provides enhanced accessibility and transparency to Australia’s greenhouse

emissions data: http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/climate-science-data/greenhouse-gas-

measurement/ageis

http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-measurement/progress-inventory

http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/climate-science-data/greenhouse-gas-measurement/ageis

http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/climate-science-data/greenhouse-gas-measurement/ageis


Australia’s Emissions Projections: 2019

The report provides detail on emissions trends, including sector specific analysis of

factors driving emissions. The report estimates the emissions reduction effort

required to meet Australia’s emissions reduction targets. The projections include

sensitivity analyses to illustrate how emissions may differ under changes in

economic growth.

http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/publications/emissions-projections-

2019

Full Carbon Accounting Model

The Full Carbon Accounting Model (FullCAM) is the calculation engine

which supports the estimation of carbon stock change on forest and

agricultural systems. FullCAM can be downloaded from the former

Department’s webpage: http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-

change/climate-science-data/greenhouse-gas-measurement/land-sector

Australia’s Seventh National

Communication/Fourth Biennial Report

Australia’s Seventh National Communication (2017)

summarises information on Australia’s implementation of its

UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol obligations including: emissions

and removals of greenhouse gases; national circumstances;

policies and measures; vulnerability assessment; financial,

technology and capacity building cooperation; education, training, and public awareness. Countries

such as Australia are required to submit these reports to the UNFCCC every four years. In accordance

with international reporting requirements, the 2017 National Communication also incorporates

Australia’s Third Biennial Report. Australia has recently submitted its Fourth Biennial Report (2019).

These must be submitted every two years and outline Australia’s progress in achieving emission

reductions and the provision of financial, technology, and capacity-building support. More information is

available at: http://unfccc.int/national_reports/annex_i_natcom/submitted_natcom/items/10138.php

and https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Australia%20Fourth%20Biennial%20Report.pdf

What the rest of the world is doing

Other developed countries are also required to produce annual greenhouse gas

inventories. More information regarding the reporting requirements and various

international reports (including reports by Australia) are located online.

https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/transparency-and-reporting/reporting-and-

review-under-the-convention/greenhouse-gas-inventories-annex-i-parties/national-inventory-

submissions-2019

http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/publications/emissions-projections-2019

http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/publications/emissions-projections-2019

http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/climate-science-data/greenhouse-gas-measurement/land-sector

http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/climate-science-data/greenhouse-gas-measurement/land-sector

http://unfccc.int/national_reports/annex_i_natcom/submitted_natcom/items/10138.php

https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/transparency-and-reporting/reporting-and-review-under-the-convention/greenhouse-gas-inventories-annex-i-parties/national-inventory-submissions-2019



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